Yiziphi izici ezihlukanisa igciwane lekhompyutha?

Ama-viruses ahlukumeza kakhulu izinhlelo zekhompiyutha, namuhla akekho omangazayo. Kodwa nansi indlela yokubona usongo ngesikhathi kodwa ngaphandle kokuba khona kwesofthiwe yokuphepha efakwe ohlelweni, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo. Izici ezihlukile zegciwane lekhompyutha ziyizici eziningana eziyisisekelo, okuzoxoxwa manje.

Kuyini amagciwane wekhompiyutha?

Wonke umuntu osebenzisa ikhompyutha noma idivayisi yeselula ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kumele azi ukuthi yiziphi amagciwane.

Uma ubheka izinsongo ngokujwayelekile, ziyizinhlelo ezikhethekile, ama-applets noma amafayela anamakhodi asebenzayo aholela ekuphazanyeni kwezinhlelo ngokwazo, ukweba noma ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwedatha yomsebenzisi. Kukhona futhi isigaba esihlukile sezinkampani zokuphanga, okuqala ukubethela amafayela, bese zidinga ukukhokha kokumiswa kabusha.

Igciwane lekhompyutha: ezihlukahlukene imiphumela

Phakathi kwazo zonke izinsongo eziningi ezaziwayo kuze kube yimanje, kunezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko lapho amagciwane ekhompiyutha ahlangene ngezinga kanye nendlela yokuthinta ohlelweni.

Kulesi sisekelo, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa amagciwane. Kodwa uma kufanelekile ukuthi lolu hlu luyoba nemibandela kakhulu. Lokhu kubheka cishe kanje:

• Izinsongo ezingenabungozi (izici ezihlukile zegciwane lekhomphyutha ukunciphisa isikhala sediski kwi-hard drive kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-RAM eningi ngenxa yokuzimela);
• Amagciwane angekho ayingozi (ngokuyinhloko, ngaphandle kokunciphisa imemori, sebenzisa umsindo noma umsindo wevidiyo);
• Izinhlelo eziyingozi (okuholela ekulengeni izinhlelo zekhompyutha kanye nokungasebenzi okubucayi);
• Izinhlelo eziyingozi kakhulu nezinhlelo zokusebenza (kusho ukuphuma okuphelele kwesistimu, ukubhujiswa noma ukuguqulwa kolwazi, ukufometha kwidiski enzima noma ukwahlukanisa okunengqondo, ukweba ulwazi oluyimfihlo).

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamagciwane ngokuhlala

Kukhona nokuhlelwa okuhlukile. Ukuhlaziywa kwamagciwane wamakhompyutha anamuhla kusivumela ukuthi sibonise uhlu olulodwa olulodwa:

• Izinsongo zefayili ezitholwa emadokhumenti noma ezinhlelweni;
• Ama-boot amagciwane anithinta imikhakha ye-Boot yezinhlelo zokusebenza;
• Amagciwane we-Macro asebenzisa imiyalo ephathekayo, ama-applet namacros emafayilini ehhovisi, ukuthelela ithempulethi ejwayelekile;
• Izinsongo zenethiwekhi ezisakazwa nge-Intanethi namanethiwekhi wendawo.

Izici eziyinhloko zamagciwane wekhompyutha

Manje siqhubeka nombuzo wezinto ezithile zokusongela ngqo. Ngokuvamile, izici ezihlukanisa igciwane lekhompyutha yizici ezilandelayo:

• Inani elincane lesicelo noma ifayela ngekhodi ephathekayo;
• Sebenzisa okuzenzekelayo ngokuzenzekelayo;
• Ukukopisha njalo ikhodi ehlanganisiwe ngenjongo yokwenza i-cloning;
• Ukwakhiwa kokuphazanyiswa emsebenzini wezingxenye zesofthiwe ne-hardware ye-PC.

Amathuluzi okuskena nokuvikela

Ukuqhubeka kusukela ukuthi izici eziyinhloko zegciwane lekhompyutha yizici ezingenhla, ungakwazi ukunikeza imigqa eminingana yokuvikelwa kubo.

Kuze kube manje, ukuskena okugcwele noma okuphathekayo kuye kwasungulwa okuningi kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlelo zegciwane ne-anti-virus, kungaphawulwa ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-software yabathuthukisi abanjengoKaspersky Lab, uDkt. Iwebhu, i-Eset, njll. Kodwa amaphakheji anjalo akhokhwa, nakuba kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izinguqulo zezilingo ngokusebenza okuqhubekayo izinsuku ezingu-30.

Izinsiza zokusebenzisa i-antivirus yamahhala nazo ziyasetshenziswa, kepha ngezinye izikhathi azihlangabezi nezidingo zokuphepha futhi azikwazi ukulahlekelwa kuphela izinsongo ezifakelayo, kodwa futhi zibangele izingxabano kwizinga le-hardware nesofthiwe (ukuntuleka kokusekela abanye abashayeli, ukuxhuma nesicelo somlilo noma ngisho ne "firewall") .

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ezinjalo zisebenza ngokuhluke ngokuphelele. Abanye bayakwazi ukuthola nokunciphisa ama-virus anamakhodi asebenzayo aphula i-OS, abanye bangakwazi ukulahla i-spyware noma ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla zezikhangiso. Futhi into edabukisayo yukuthi akukho mkhiqizo owaziwayo namuhla ongeke ukwazi ukubhekana nokuchithwa kwamafayili omsebenzisi, okukhiqizwa amagciwane-abaphangi basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-AES 1024. Lokhu kuphawulwe ngisho naseKaspersky Lab.

Yini ongayisebenzisa ukuze uvikele? Kungcono ukufaka amaphakheji akhokhelwayo. Lapha ungaba ngu-99.9% oqinisekile ukuthi usongo luzotholakala ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngeke lulimaze uhlelo noma ulwazi lomsebenzisi.

Uma udinga ukuskena kwesikhashana esisodwa ukuze usongele izimpawu ezicacile zokutheleleka, ungasebenzisa Izinsizakusebenza eziphathekayo zamahhala noma izinhlelo ezikhethekile ngegama elivamile i-Rescue Disk. Ziyizona eziphumelela kakhulu, ngoba ziqala ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo lokusebenza lulayishwe futhi zikhomba ngisho nezinsongo ezingenakutholakala ngendlela evamile.

Esikhundleni sesamba

Njengoba ubona, izici ezihlukile zegciwane lekhompyutha zizo zonke izibonakaliso ezaziwayo (mhlawumbe omunye umuntu wayengabanaki). Noma kunjalo, lolu lwazi oluthile luyoba ngokwanele ukuphawula izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka ngesikhathi uma kungekho isofthiwe yokulwa negciwane ohlelweni, nakuba kungcono ukuba nalo. Futhi yikuphi iphakheji okumele ukhethe kuncike kumsebenzisi, umlawuli we-computer esibulalayo noma inethiwekhi. Phela, izinhlelo zanamuhla zivame ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-heuristic, kanye nolwazi lwegciwane lubuyekeziwe ngisho nezikhathi eziningana ngosuku.