"Yaroslavets", isikebhe Russian ezenziwe (Project 376): izici, injongo

Ukubeka zokuxhumana ngaphansi yokusesha amanzi izikebhe lushone, ekugcineni ukutakulwa e imifula, amachibi kanye amadamu, zokucwaninga ngobuchwepheshe - kulezi zindawo kungaba wusizo ukusiza abatshuzi oqeqeshiwe. imisebenzi Diving eyenziwa emfuleni futhi echibini expanses Russia, hhayi kuphela ezidinga isibindi ubuqhawe we abatshuzi. Kubalulekile ukuba nezinto ezidingekayo kanye nezinsiza. Imisebenzi ngaphansi kwamanzi ngeke kwenziwe ngaphandle ukulungiselela kahle. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, hlola lobuchwepheshe yabo ukuseviswa isitsha, kuhanjiswe abatshuzi endaweni wokusebenza. Njengoba umthetho, ngokuba imisebenzi kwamanzi emifuleni kanye amachibi ukuba amamitha angu amane nanhlanu ukujula sisetshenziswa "Yaroslavets" - isikebhe iphrojekthi 376. Lolu hlobo izikebhe yenzelwe ngqo nezidingo Navy Russian Navy.

Umlando nesenzakalo isitsha

isikebhe Russian "Yaroslavets" (Project 376) bavele ngaphambi zamashumi amahlanu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ukuze izidingo Navy kanye komnotho kwakudingeka okusalungiswa we isikejana esincane esidonsa izikebhe ezinkudlwana nemikhumbi, okwakuyoholela usetshenziselwe diving kanye namasiko imisebenzi. Yingakho iphrojekthi isikebhe sivunyiwe ngo-1948, wathola inombolo 376 futhi "North" cipher. Kwakufanele ukusebenzisa imikhumbi yakhe nakwezinye izindawo emnothweni. Ngo ukuklanywa umkhumbi senziwa isimo ezidingekayo izikebhe Russian ezenziwe Kufanele ube nawo wonke izici ezidingekayo ukuthutha ngemikhumbi wesitimela.

Ngo-1953 Yaroslavl ngisemsebenzini, sibonga ngalo uchungechunge semi olusemthethweni uthola igama layo, udedelwe esandleni ikhanda amanzi isikebhe iphrojekthi 376. ngokushesha INkantolo waqala ukukhipha izihloko eziwuchungechunge ezinkulu. Kepha sekuphelile iminyaka emibili-ke kwase kushintshile eminye imininingwane yephrojekthi, esangenza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza bomkhumbi futhi uthuthukise ubuchwepheshe yayo ukukhiqizwa. Kukhona "Yaroslavets" esisha - 376U isikebhe phrojekthi. Ngemva kwezinguquko lolu hlobo izitsha ubelokhu isetshenziswe kuphela zezinkonzo kwezempi kodwa futhi empini ejensi, kanye ukudiliva phesheya. Inkampani yesibili, elaqala yokukhiqiza izikebhe baba Sosnovsky Shipyard (Kirov Region).

izici yangaphandle

"Yaroslavets" - isikebhe, okuyinto umkhumbi nomunye isikulufa, ukuze onezitezi bodwa, deckhouse ukumiswa nge superstructure, nge Kapoma ngenhla egumbini lenjini nengemuva Bilge gumbi engangikulo. sikebhe Umkhumbi sika ngokuvamile kwenziwa wonke Stitch esiphambanweni. Lesi sikebhe esingamathani ifakwe bulkheads eziyisithupha amanzi angangeni, amathangi ezintathu fuel ogibele phansi isitsha.

Akunandaba kugasela esivezwa umsiki komngcele, amasiko noma umgibeli, izici zangaphandle anoma yiluphi uhlobo lomkhumbi yilezi: bezihlahla obuphelele imayelana amabili nanye imitha ububanzi ezine. Ukujula - 2.1 amamitha. Lo mkhumbi angazamukela abantu nambili. Esikhathini khulula ukugijima ngesivinini umkhumbi ungaba ISIZINDA eziyishumi.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa Russian isikebhe uchungechunge "Yaroslavets" zenzelwe ngendlela lowo msebenzi wabo kuzovumela ukunciphisa ukuthuthwa abatshuzi noma izimpahla eziya ezindaweni zabo futhi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza elingenazinkinga e amachibi, imifula noma namachibi. Raid donsa isikebhe noma isikebhe wakhiwa ngendlela kalula enze aqondisa emanzini angajulile kanye engajulile ice ebusweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza wesitimela zokuthutha isitsha, ngakho ubukhulu isikebhe kubalwa kucatshangelwa izimo samanje. Ukuze imisebenzi emanzini lapho kukhona ice encane ephukile isikebhe design inikeza ice Kingston. Lokufuduka izikebhe - 46,9 m, inzika isilinganiso nge umthwalo - 1.27 m, ngaphandle umthwalo - 0.97 m, le freewheel isivinini - 10.5, ukuzimela - izinsuku 5.

Ukwenza umsebenzi we-ukulungisa

Umkhumbi ukulungisa kungaba kwenziwe ngokuzimela. Nokho, lokhu ukulungisa kungaba kwenziwe nge crew umkhumbi noma umnikazi walo kuphela lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho isikebhe kuyoba umonakalo omncane. Ngokwesibonelo, kufanele esikhundleni Plating ejwayelekile, ukugwema avuzayo isikebhe.

Kwezinye izimo, lo mkhumbi uyiswa ngisemsebenzini, ekhaya we umdwebo ephelele izindlu inikezwa ukuze ngogesi ihlolwe izindlela kubhaklazeka futhi portholes. Lesi sikebhe esingamathani ilethwa esizeni umsebenzi wokulungisa phezu nojantshi. Kube ekuqhutshweni amakhosi lo kulungiswe, ngemva kwalokho umkhumbi wabuya kumnikazi.

sikebhe Umkhumbi sika

Ngenxa kwesakhiwo ukuqinisa izikebhe ifakwe isibani temphakatsi letinemandla, ezisetshenziswa njengoba isisekelo lokhuni noma lwensimbi engu- izimbambo sikebhe futhi imishayo esiphambanweni rigidity owengeziwe. Zonke kanye sikebhe womkhumbi ukukhwezwa isidutshwa. Inkantini zakhiwe noma ukhuni. Inqawe ingagoba noma ongaphambili omise, ne ubambo longitudinal (sici for fendering metallic).

Futhi esetshenziswa shipbuilding metal engeli, amapuleti emapheshana ngokwenza okwengeziwe stiffeners. bezihlahla skeleton Unamekwe nge metal amashidi zazo soldered komunye nomunye by ezivuzayo weld nobubanzi kusuka kwangu kusukela kwamane kuya kwayishumi. Evamile ngoba isikebhe kuyinto ukuvela ku inkambo yokuzibusa ukulungisa amashidi ongaphilile. Nokho, lokhu kubonakala ku ukusebenza kwawo ukuqhubeka.

Okuphakelayo futhi ngaphezu kwalokho waqinisa ekhaleni bezihlahla shtevnyami for ukugcizelela kwesakhiwo kulinganisa isitsha kwamanzi. Kwamanye amamodeli we izikebhe "Yaroslavets" setha yokudonsa arc ukuthi ukuyinakekela we towline ngesikhathi aqondisa ezifanele. Ethwele arc setha esimweni lapho umphumela uba shipbuilding donsa isikebhe.

isondo womkhumbi

Lesi sikebhe esingamathani enqubeni yokwakha isethwe isondo sekulinganisa ovikelekile. Wenziwe, ngokuvamile eziyize, uthayela. Mshini elawula izimpaphe ayo, okuyinto ezihilelekile nge turning zijike ngokushesha. It uhlobo ihambe for izikebhe. 376 Le phrojekthi kwaba iphini eyodwa kuphela. Nokho, inqubo yokuthuthukisa umkhumbi kwakunebandla elilodwa ngaphezulu. IRudder blade iyi uthayela izimbambo. It unamathele umkhumbi imishudo ayisithupha abe flange ka umumo isiyingi noma unxande. Le phrojekthi has ukwesekwa kungekho isigwedlo ephansi, okuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni izimpaphe ngesikhathi umkhumbi. On emphemeni engenhla ngoba izingxenye ingxenye ukuqondisa igiya isethi, esisodwa noma ezimbili Imigudu. Kusinda izimbobo isikulufa cap lapho ukufaka ngumsebenzi. Kuvele ebalulekile ingxenye indlela ayo, ukuze umsebenzi intando kwenzeka ukuthi uyowahluthula izintambo adlulisa amandla kuze kube ngumsebenzi isondo bese ngqo amasondo ayo. Uma ubhekana nesimo esinjalo, umkhumbi kungenziwa owawusebenza ngesandla.

pilothouse

Ngo inqubo ukwakhiwa izikebhe zakhelwe ukubiyela endlini umshayeli nekapisi. On hook kususwa udonga lwangemuva enamathiselwe - steel hook enamathiselwe izindophi namaketanga. Isetshenziselwa ephakamisa izikebhe, wezimpahla ethwele nezinye izitsha. Kukhona kubakaki esikhiphekayo noma unamathisele-isitebhisi, okuholela egumbini flybridge injini. Ukuze "Yaroslavets" libhekene wheelhouse esikhiphekayo, okuvumela emfuleni ukuthutha isikebhe donsa ngesitimela. Nokho, kuzo zonke izinguqulo isikebhe iphrojekthi 376 caps-non-esikhiphekayo, igumbi umshini. Ingabe ukuqaqwa kuphela omunye amaphepha Burl. Futhi izici zayo kuye nokulungiswa ibe khona ehlukile. Ukuze izikebhe Project 376 wasebenzisa flat uthayela izimbambo, kuyilapho iphrojekthi 376U sebenzisa profiled amashidi ngaphandle weld fasteners.

On the wheelhouse ukuze imbobo efakwe iminyango emithathu iwindi unxande. umnyango Ephakathi kokuvalelwa, imikhondo okwengeziwe ngqo egumbini umsakazo. Emzini wokuqala ku esikebheni kuholela isihlalo sendlu yangasese nesihlangu sokuqala.

Kwesokudla efakwe iminyango emibili, iwindi elingunxande futhi portholes ezimbili eziyindilinga. Iminyango kufanele imiklamo ezahlukene. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sivala ezivalweni kwazivelela, ushintshe izici kwezobuchwepheshe lomnyango umnyango.

Portholes futhi kubhaklazeka bomkhumbi

Model Shipyard "Yaroslavets" - isikebhe, ifakwe portholes eziyisithupha ku echwebeni uhlangothi lomkhumbi. izikebhe uhlangothi lomkhumbi lwesandla sokudla kukhona portholes ezine kuphela. Esiseduzane esikebheni ngezinye izikhathi ashiselwe, njengoba kungase kwenzeke sisondele kakhulu kwamanzi. Lokhu kujwayele ukwenzeka uma refitting esikebheni, lapho kubekwa nalehleliwe isikebhe sizinze, okwandisa isikebhe okusalungiswa.

Umklamo sihlinzekela dweba isikebhe emphemeni eliholela kwangaphakathi isikhala ukuqalisa. Phakathi sesimanje bezihlahla ngokuvamile ngcono ukusebenza kubhaklazeka nezicabha.

izicelo isitsha

Isikebhe "Yaroslavets" zingaba ngezinjongo ezempi, futhi namanye amapulazi, okuyinto ezokuthutha izimpahla phesheya komfula. "Yaroslavets", njengoba umthetho, ayenzelwanga ukusetshenziswa siqu, kodwa kukhona, kokubili amabhizinisi amaningi emzimbeni futhi esemthethweni umnikazi wazo.

Kuze kube manje, lo mkhumbi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengendlela isikebhe donsa. Ngalo towed nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano eyayimfuqa komfula omncane izikebhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Yaroslavets" lisetshenziswa njengendlela isikebhe umgibeli. Kungaba ukubamba e uphakamisa kubantu abayishumi nambili.

Ngezenzo wasebenzisa umkhumbi njengoba kokuseshwa isikebhe. He fikisa zabo ezitholwe abatshuzi esizeni imisebenzi kwamanzi. Esikebheni kwakuneqembu uhlala imishini diving kanye nemishini nokusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Esikhathini kunesithembiso emkhunjini kungenziwa athuthwe phesheya amathani ayishumi nanhlanu wezimpahla. Futhi, amatilosi uqapha umngcele emfuleni komkhathi elwa ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ngakho "Yaroslavets" isetshenziswa njengenhlangano umsiki onqenqemeni.

Izindleko isikebhe

In the 50s the last isikebhe ekhulwini Yaroslavsky shipbuilding Plant wawenziwe emanzini emfuleni elasetshenziselwa izidingo Navy, kanye nakweminye imikhakha wezolimo. Nokho, kuze kube manje, entsha isikebhe iphrojekthi 376 ayisatholakali phezu kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba sekushiwo, iningi serviceable emfuleni imikhumbi ziphethwe abantu.

isikebhe isiRashiya, ogama intengo ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu ngonyaka isitsha amanzi kanye nenani ukulungiswa, kulula ukuthola emakethe evulekile. Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo izitsha ngezikhathi ezithile lakhiwa namhlanje, ungathenga kuphela izikebhe sezivele angaphambilini.

Ukuthengwa kungadla sesigidi sama-ruble. Kubalulekile ukuze ahlole ngokucophelela isikebhe, intengo ezingase zibonakale fabulous. Phela, kubalulekile kunoma ikhasimende ngesikhathi esifushane ukuthola izinzuzo kusukela ukuthenga, ngaphandle kokuchitha imali eyengeziwe ukuze umkhumbi ukulungisa.

isiphetho

"Yaroslavets" ingenye izikebhe ezingabizi kakhulu, futhi ungakwazi ukuthenga cishe kuwo wonke umuzi eRussia. Ngisho kwamanje, ingenye elula kakhulu futhi ewusizo emfuleni izitsha ngenxa izici zayo aphakeme lobuchwepheshe.