Ukuvakasha Cluster - Iyini? Ukuchaza umqondo

Cishe abaningi baye bezwa igama elithi "i-cluster" ezingeni lombuso kwezomnotho. Kodwa akubona bonke bazi futhi baqonde esikushoyo ngqo. Ukuze umsebenzi izivakashi ngumqondo kusebenza.

definition

Ukuvakasha Cluster - yinhlangano lwezinhlangano ezinikeza izinsizakalo emkhakheni wezokuvakasha. Ngo ukwakheka kwalo has a amabhizinisi amancane enkulu ukuthi njalo uxhumana nomunye. Basuke esisogwini nsimu efanayo ngaphakathi esifundeni esifanayo. Yomsebenzi olwenziwa kokubili ngaphakathi (travel ngaphakathi ezweni), futhi i isiqondiso kwangaphandle (travel angaphandle).

izinhlangano Kungani kunokungqubuzana okunjalo

Izikhangibavakashi umkhakha has nomthelela emnothweni. Ngakho-ke bakuthathe kalula ukubaluleka kwalo akukwazi. Ukuze ngamandla asathuthuka, ezokuvakasha iba umbandela ukukhula yizinkomba zezomnotho.

Russian izivakashi amaqoqo namhlanje ukwakha izinkonzo ezokuvakasha ukuncintisana namazwe ukusetshenziswa ebhizinisini zanamuhla technology.

isakhiwo

isakhiwo ihlukuzo elithile uhlelo phezulu. Isihloko isixhumanisi yinkampani ukuphathwa. Isimo unika amandla akhe ukuphatha izindawo ezithile kwezomnotho. Ubudlelwano zisekelwe ubudlelwano isisekelo. Kuye indlela yokuthuthuka yeqoqo ezokuvakasha Inikeza ukusekelwa ngokwezimali ku nenani edingekayo.

Inkampani ukuphathwa, esikhundleni salokho, ilawula ukusebenza zalamaqembu.I:

• tour operator;
• Agency for ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo izivakashi;
• izinhlangano zisebenzise izinkonzo lezivakashi yokuhlala (amahhotela, boarding izindlu, amamotheli, njll).

Isinyathelo esilandelayo sabaphathi yilezi:

• Inkampani phezu inhlangano ukudluliselwa;
• sonkana (zokudlela, amathilomu, nemishayo, njll ...);
• izindawo lokuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa (amapaki, zemidlalo nasezindaweni zokudlala, zokubukela amabhayisikobho, njll);
• Izitolo nge isikhumbuzo;
• izinto ezokuthutha ukulungisa.

imigomo

Ezingeni lombuso, kukhona okumelwe nibhekane nazo endaweni izinhlangano ezifanayo. Kulokhu, ezokuvakasha cluster - lokuhlushwa izingxenye ezokuvakasha wezwe. Okungukuthi, kucatshangwa ukuthi isimo iyoba isikhungo ezokuvakasha emhlabeni.

Futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi ngenxa samabutho amakhulu umsebenzi we amabhizinisi ku cluster ngeke siphumelele ngokwengeziwe. ukuthuthukiswa kuyoba ezindaweni ezintsha, iinthombe izinhlelo ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe.

Ukudala cluster is isithombe esifundeni namathemba ahambisana nako, kuvusa ukukhuthazwa kanye nendalo izakhi ezintsha e isakhiwo.

A izinhlangano zamasiko izivakashi kuzosiza ukuziqhakambisa izinkinga wokusindisa yamanani. Ukuze Russia, ukudalwa ezokuvakasha amaqoqo Kuyokunikeza negalelo ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamasevisi ezokuvakasha.

Izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo

Kuye orientation ezokuvakasha ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene: ukuzijabulisa, Museum, spa, kwemvelo nezinye amaqoqo.

Ngu ukunciphisa imingcele ahlukaniswe yesifunda, kazwelonke kanye nemiphakathi trans-kazwelonke izinhlangano (amaqoqo). ezinkulu kungadla izindawo ezinkulu futhi kuthinte izakhiwo ezizungezile. Ukwakheka amaqoqo kwenzeka noma injongo noma isakhiwo zomlando.

isipiliyoni Russian

Ngo-July walowo nyaka kwi insimu yezwe lethu wanquma ukwakha 17 ezokuvakasha amaqoqo. ekudalweni Bahlele ezindaweni ezifana Dagestan, Udmurtia, Karelia, Komi, iMari El, kanye Trans-iBaikal futhi Krasnodar Territory. Izindawo ngokuba ukuqaliswa izinhlangano ezinjalo kuyoba:

• Novgorod;
• Bryansk;
• Volgograd;
• Tula, nabanye.

It has enhle iBaikal ezingaba nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Azive zithakazelisa kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa nakwezokuvakasha. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kumiswa izinhlangano ezinkulu endaweni ukusiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila labantu bendawo futhi kuyoba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zezimboni. It is kuhlelwe ukuthi endaweni Trans-iBaikal kanye izivakashi entsha amaqoqo iyoba isikhungo ezokuvakasha emhlabeni.

amahle abe izifunda Vologda futhi eMoscow izifunda. izigodi sidilizwa ezihloniphekayo, izikhumbuzo izakhiwo kanye nomlando - konke lokhu zingakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo abameleli bamazwe. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuletha ezokuvakasha endinganisweni ehloniphekile.

Ukudala amaqoqo ezifundeni ezifana Karelia, e-Altai, futhi kuzokhulisa izivakashi zabo isikhalazo enkundleni ngamazwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa ezifuywayo ezokuvakasha ezingenayo kubalulekile kokubili kwezomnotho isimo ngamazwe. Nakuba ezokuvakasha Russian lags ngemuva ukuthi kwamanye amazwe.

amaqoqo Global

Experience emazweni amaningi kusikisela ukuthi emikhulu ukuhlanganiswa neqhaza nekusebenta emnothweni. Izindawo eziyinhloko: Asia, eYurophu (eNtshonalanga Yurophu) kanye North American. Emazweni European, leli qoqo ezokuvakasha - lesi simiso eziphambili.

Ngenxa nokuxhumana ezinhlanganweni apharathasi isimo, ezokuvakasha ezweni like Italy, namuhla has a athuthukile ingqalasizinda izivakashi zanamuhla. Monuments of ifa zomlando namasiko alondolozwe ngokucophelela. Kwakumelwe ezikhangayo esemqoka isimo. Ngezenzo esetshenziswa yonke impumelelo yesimanje, okwenza ezokuvakasha ezikhangayo.

Ngoba u-Israyeli, ibhizinisi izivakashi iBombela. Iletha 4% womkhiqizo okhandwe yiNingizimu isimo. Ibhizinisi ezokuvakasha wezokwelapha - yilokho ihlukanisa Israyeli. Kuleli zwe, hhayi nje yinhlanganisela inhlangano ezimele izinkampani ngamunye kanye nokuxhumana ngokucacile zonke izakhiwo, kulawulwa iziphathimandla zikahulumeni.

izimiso ukubekwa

Izifunda ngokungalingani abacebile ezihlukahlukene izinsiza zokungcebeleka, ngakho indawo izakhiwo cluster Ukuboshelwa.

Ngokuvamile bathi akhiwa ngokunembile ezindaweni nge lokuhlushwa eliphezulu ezikhangayo izinhlekelele, ezemvelo nezenziwe yokufakelwa.

Enye imbangela kungase kube ukubekwa endaweni ethile ukuze baphakamise izinga kwezomnotho.

izici ehlukile ye-cluster

• Ayisebenzi kuboshelwe endaweni ethize.
• Ukuvakasha Cluster - kuyinto uhlelo evulekile, kuyilapho esingokwemvelo elinganiselwe ubulungu inethiwekhi.
• Ukuxhumana ehlukuzweni esekelwe ngetenhlalo nemagugu ithemba.
• Ubhala inhlangano ukudala uhlelo aphelele. Lwenza funa.
• Kususelwa mncintiswano nokubambisana.
• It yakha umbono lilonke, isitjhijilo esizayo.

Isibonelo yinhlanganisela. I-Republic of Belarus

Umqondo lo inhlangano iyona nokuxhumana insiza ahlukahlukene. Kuhlanganisa iIgama, iminyuziyamu, ezamukela izihambi, ezidayisa izinto eziyisikhumbuzo. Bonke ababambiqhaza yasayina isivumelwano ukubambisana on joint isevisi izivakashi. Sikhanyisiwe ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni: abafundi, abahola impesheni, izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Abahleli wadala uhlobo iqoqo "Wonderland Schuchinschiny". Kuhlanganisa: isonto Malomozheykovskaya, okuyinto inqaba, esigodlweni Drutsk-Lyubetsky, Rakovitskaya isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Isici esiphawulekayo lesi sifunda ipulazi kukakhokho kuqhubeke izihlahla.

Njengoba singabona, kumiswa izinhlangano ezifana ukunikeza ukuxhumana ngempumelelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha umkhakha. Isifunda, esemgwaqweni ehlukuzweni izivakashi yedolobha, afakiwe kuwo, nakanjani uthole umfutho ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda zabo futhi bathuthukise amazinga ophilayo. Indlelanchubo zihlelwe ukuze imisebenzi, ukwakheka base zezimali (by ekuheheni uxhaso ngezimali noma ukwesekwa nesimo), kanye ua zonke izingxenye Cluster ku ukuthuthukiswa kwawena.