Yakov Kostyukovsky: Biography, izithombe, izincwadi kanye nemininingwane

Omkhulu wamabhayisikobho ashisa izikhotha of nenkathi yamaSoviet ezisasele namuhla, ngisho nezinhlobo zezinto samanje amafilimu, ethandwa kakhulu phakathi baseRussia abavamile. Sonke khumbula athande ifilimu "Diamond Hand", "Operation Y", "Prisoner of eCaucasus" nelithi "umqambimanga angalungiseki", kodwa bambalwa bayazi ukuthi amaskripthi zonke lezi imidwebo lalotshwa umuntu oyedwa, umbhali, wemidlalo nombhali iculo uJakobe Kostyukovsky. Ukudalelwa okhiphé lesi indoda ithalente etemibhalo umuzwa kakhulu namahlaya, okuyinto bophulwe ukuphila kwakhe.

biography

Ikusasa umbhali Soviet Ngazalelwa e-Ukraine edolobheni elincane elibizwa ngokuthi Zolotonosha Cherkasy esifundeni Agasti 23, 1921, emkhayeni wamaJuda. Ubaba wayeyisidakwa shí eMpini Yezwe I, lapho wathola ehloniphekile umklomelo lempi isibindi nokuzinikela. Ngaleyo minyaka, abamele abantu abakhethiwe ukwamukela George Cross kwakungenakwenzeka. Lo mklomelo wanikeza inombolo amalungelo, kuhlanganise nelungelo lokubhalisa esikoleni ehlonishwayo, uyise Yakova Kostyukovskogo indondo inikezwe umfowabo, ukuze wathola iziqu zobudokotela.

Ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, umkhaya wathuthela laseKharkov, lapho wathatha umbhali abasha. Umndeni hhayi banamathela namasiko obuJuda zezinzalamizi, futhi umfana wayengazi kuphela Ukrainian futhi Russian. Ngiseyingane, uJakobe Kostyukovsky kanye eziningi guys wangaleyo nkathi, bazisa futhi ohlonishwa ubuntu kaStalin. Nokho, unina sengimtshela ngokushesha okukhulu, kunalokho empeleni abaholi "edumile" abantu futhi kungani udumo lwakhe lomsakazo ngamunye. kamuva Kostyukovsky wathi lapho kuxoxwa kwaba kwesifundo sokuqala zezombusazwe.

Ukuthuthukiswa amakhono zokudala

I Seme Kostyukovsky ngokuvamile kakhulu wahlangana, abantu abanentshisekelo abafundile, kuhlanganise Rabi Sandler. Ngezinye izikhathi ekhuluma nalo mfana, wamshaya behlakaniphile, izitatimende zabo emfushane ukubukeka ngokugqamile. Yakov Kostyukovsky afunda ukufunda izihloko "Izvestia" iphephandaba, futhi bakayise ngokuvamile babuthela izincwadi ezithakazelisayo nomagazini intandane. nezingxoxo ezikhululekile futhi ezinobungane ngemibhalo umlando, amahlaya ezinhle futhi ubungane - konke lokhu nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni amakhono yokudala wengane.

Esikoleni, waya umbuthano tetemibhalo, lapho ezwa izinhlobo, izitayela netimphawu umsebenzi umbhali. Nakuba usengumfundi, Wabhala incwadi yesikole odongeni iphephandaba izindaba yamahlaya, tinkondlo, epigrams, wayithanda ukwabelana imibono kanye uxabana nabangani bakho. Abazali wazama ukuthuthukisa amakhono akhe okudala wathumela uJakobe kancane studio kwemibhalo Palace emzini Amaphayona yaqanjwa P. Postysheva. Bekuyindzawo ahlukile lapho abalobi luthela bathola okuhlangenwe nakho umbhali elalaziwa ngaleyo nkathi NP Trubailina.

ukuqeqeshwa

Yakov Kostyukovsky kusukela ebuntwaneni kwahluka ukuphikelela nokuphikelela esikoleni, esikoleni esiphakeme wathola iziqu nge uzothatha indondo yegolide, futhi imfundo ephakeme le nsizwa yahamba eMoscow. Naphezu emncintiswaneni omkhulu, wabe esengeniswa Institute odumile Umlando, Literature Philosophy. Lokhu inyuvesi uye waqeqesha abantu abaningi abanamakhono, kodwa eminyakeni engu-30 ukusungulwa okwakungafanele nasemseni umholi, uStalin wacabanga ukuthi abafundi esakazwa ukucabanga mahhala futhi liberalism zezombusazwe. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngo-1939 lonke onyakeni wokuqala, kuhlanganise uJakobe Kostyukovsky bathunyelwa phambi ukusekela amabutho bekwi-ekuhlaleni naseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine futhi Belarus.

inkonzo yezempi wanika Yakovu Kostyukovskomu nakho olukhulu, nakho ezintsha nabangane. Ngemva konyaka, le abafundi wabuyela ekolishi, kodwa isiphetho akazange avumele ukuqedela izifundo zami, ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

imisebenzi yokudala

Phakathi nempi Yakov Kostyukovsky sekube phambili, Kulapha ngaphansi amabhomu kanye izinhlamvu, ngempela ozalwe ithalente lakhe yamahlaya. Lo mfana ngokushesha ababemenyelwe "Moskovsky Komsomolets", kodvwa umbhali abasha kwaphakamisa kubuhlungu ngempela ukuze ekuphatheni okuphezulu isihloko - indlela size sife phansi izinhlamvu fighters ongaqeqeshiwe. Isihloko sakhe wabiza abaphathi uthukuthele, futhi wathunyelwa ngaphambili, ku obukhulu, kulokhu njengoba umlobeli othile impi ye "I-Komsomolskaya Pravda".

Yakov Kostyukovsky akazange ahlale imisele, yena iqhaza Battle of eMoscow, futhi ngisho ngithola indondo abanohlonze, uzile ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi umlilo amaFascist futhi walinyazwa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu le nsizwa akalilahlile ngokunembile wonke umqondo walo eziyingqayizivele amahlaya, ngakho, ngesikhathi kuqubuka ingxabano nge omunye wabaholi ngemibono we-Young Communist League, lapho satirically futhi kufanele basabela ngamacala angamanga, kuka futhi wathola esinye isixhumanisi.

Umsebenzi emaphephandabeni

Kostyukovsky uJakobe Aronovich njengoba sikanobhala omkhulu we iphephandaba "Ngoba Motherland!" Godu wathumela phakathi izenzakalo lempi, lapha yena wabhala Skit kuqala, futhi-ke, ku-wezempi indaba ephathwayo. Abangane bathandile indaba, banikela intatheli abasha ukuthumela umsebenzi wakhe "Ogonyok" magazini. Kukhona Skit abezile ukunambitha edition, futhi ngokushesha ngcaphuno yanyatheliswa ngo nje isikhathi sokuba kusengaphambili German ku Moscow. Nge magazini kuyoba ngenxa izinto eziningi ekuphileni kwezinceku Yakova Kostyukovskogo, kamuva lapho ehlangana M. M. Zoschenko futhi S. K. Oleshey, abalobi ngokuhlanganyela ukudala i lwencwadi "Ukuhleka -. Engathí sina"

Ngemva kwempi, umlobi ubuyela umhleli "Moskovsky Komsomolets", lapho aqhubeka khona nomsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo. Ungumnikazi imizamo eminingana nezinqubo ezintsha ephephandabeni, ngakho wenza ikholomu ezihlekisayo "Strange kodwa kuyiqiniso". Yakova Kostyukovskogo izindaba kwaqala ukuvela ezinye omagazini Soviet ngokuthi "Ingwenya", "Pepper" et al., Futhi ngo-1952 wabe esengeniswa-Union of Abalobi yeRussia.

Ngekusebentisana nalabanye abalobi

Ngemva kokushiya journalism ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokukhula kwamaJuda ku nomphakathi wamaSoviet, Kostyukovsky uJakobe Aronovich kanye omunye umlobi kakade esungulwe futhi owaziwa VE Bahnovym ziqala ukusebenza ndawonye. Out of ipeni ngaphandle amavesi zabo, izinkondlo satirical, satires, imidwebo reprises. Umsebenzi wabo libhekene nenkinga yezinga eliphezulu ulimi kwezobuciko, badedelane behlakaniphile, baye wabambisana abaculi abadumile kakhulu umculo Soviet. Ngokwesibonelo, kulotshiwe Kostyukovskgo ungumnikazi izinkulumo ezimbalwa abadumile Tarapulki plug amakamelo umlingisi A. S. belova nokunye. D.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi duo yabo okudala babé kancane mnogoaktovyh udlala "Izigigaba Okuvamile" (1955), "The Book ngaphandle izinganekwane" (1960) kanye nabanye. Kusebenzisana odlule kwaba ifilimu "kick khulula" (1963).

Ukusebenza L. Gaidai

Inani Eliphakeme ngokubhala umsebenzi Kostyukovskogo Yakova Aronovicha weza 60s, lapho ehlangana satirist MR Slobodsky futhi ezidume umqondisi wamabhayisikobho Leonidom Gaydaem. Lokhu trio zokudala wanika abantu Russian kukhona amafilimu zakho ozithandayo, sekuyisikhathi eside ube zabuna: "Ukusebenza Y no Okunye Adventures Shurik" (1965), "Prisoner of eCaucasus" (1967) nesithi "Diamond Arm" (1969).

Imisho lezi imidwebo uyakhumbula izakhamuzi ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, dlala, ezihlekisayo kanye ulwazi, Base beshesha bamuka kubantu. Banganhlanhlatsi kwaba isici esasenza zokudala Yakova Kostyukovskogo. Amaskriphthi, temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, izinkondlo kanye satires yomlobi baba umcebo real isiko Russian of XX leminyaka.

isici esiyingqayizivele

amahlaya Lakhe libizwa amahlaya sage, wayenomusa futhi izithombe ukhombise impilo waphenduka Shurika, okuhlaselayo noma ukwehluleka abashushumbisi. Kostyukovsky wavuswa ku uhleko ngu Ilf and Petrov, nothisha wakhe oqondile babe Emile esifingqiwe kanye UNikolai Erdman, amakhosi izincwadi Soviet ezihlekisayo. Umlobi ngokwakhe ngempela ezibucayi yomsebenzi wakhe umlobi, waphawula ukuthi uma ethiyetha Kusengenzeka ukuze uhlele ucezu kuhlulekile futhi usihlole emdlalweni olandelayo, movie zonke ebhaliwe kanye qha kwenela.

Yakov Aronovich wagcizelela ukuthi zonke imishwana ezaziwa kusukela movie adumile yasungulwa futhi abangazange basamukele evela kweminye imithombo noma ezilula. Bekanye Slobodsky Gaidai futhi babezama ukuhlonza ifomula ekahle yokuhlekwa, ngoba ngezingcaphuno ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba siqonde ukuthi funny eyodwa, futhi abanye bangase bangajabuli lapho. Futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ihlaya kumelwe abe "bukhoma", abopha ukuba isimo ngokwengqondo yangempela.

amabhuku

Yakov Aronovich akusebenzanga imiklomelo kanye nokuqashelwa, kuyilapho umgomo yayilula - ukuba kusebenze, bhala okufunayo mayelana konke. ngokushesha Wayenomuzwa wokuthi injabulo umsebenzi wokudala, ngoba ubhala esikoleni. Lucky ne Institute, e sikhungo wabusa impela umoya khulula, isimo olusankondlo futhi ubungane. Kodwa ekugcineni ukuchaza umsebenzi wakhe Kostyukovsky wasiza impi. Lapha, ezimweni ngenxa yokwesaba ubuhlungu, insindiso ayikwazanga ukuthola kuyo amahlaya.

Yaqala ngomdala umlobi Reprise encane, ezihlekisayo ezilula, imidwebo ezilula, kamuva kuphela ngokubambisana VE Bahnovym encwadini Yakova Kostyukovskogo "Ungakwazi akhononde" (1951), "The Book ngaphandle izinganekwane" (1960), "Occupy indawo yakho" (1954 ). Kodwa ngokuvamile okusebenza incane ngobukhulu, okuyinto ngamagama ambalwa babonakalisa imicabango ngezinye izikhathi ijulile kakhulu. Lawa kwakungamadodana adumile "Mamuarazmy" Yakova Kostyukovskogo, lawa marekhodi kubonakala izici ezihlukahlukene zokuphila ku-epoch odlulayo, lapha umbhali baletha imibono yakhe efaneleka netiphetfo kubonakala konke ukuphila kwakhe. wababiza "ingxubevange Umlando linesizotha no ubuhlanya lula."

izinkinga ukucwaninga

Naphezu kwesimo senkululeko kanye lula kuzo zonke films zakhe kanye nezincwadi, uJakobe Aronovich bahlupheka kakhulu Soviet imizimba ukuqapha ukucwaninga. Ngisho esikoleni uhleko kwakhe ngesibindi satirical okubangelwa Ukunganeliseki kubaholi esikoleni, ngesikhathi kuliwa yena humorously wachaza inhlangano bokwenza impi futhi njalo zaholela ezingxabanweni. Nokho, labo abanamathela amagugu sezenhlalo abayekanga Yakova Kostyukovskogo. "Diamond ipeni" King of Comedy, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi umbhali, akazange ayeke umsebenzi etemibhalo.

Zonke imidwebo Gaidai neze unqobe uhulumeni ukucwaninga, ngokuvamile itheyiphu ngamunye labetibambile izimo eziningana lapho kuqala evunywe abadlali ke zombhalo, kuhlela bunjalo bembhalo kanye nokunye. D. Niggles silly futhi akunangqondo, ezifana "Diamond Hand" ethi Nonna Mordyukova "Bengingeke umangale, iqiniso lokuthi umyeni wakho Ufunda eya! ", igama elithi" sinagoge "yathathelwa indawo inkulumo ethi" indlovukazi. " neziphathimandla zokulawula, bathi, akakuthandanga inkulumo we Umbuzo wamaJuda. Umutjhwana odumile Shurik "Kumele senze uhlelo Fyodor, kulungile!" Ingabe waqonda njengoba isifiso ukumlulaza abalobi umholi-Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro, ngezinye emibuthanweni ngokuthi "Fyodor".

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Abantu abaningi abasha ungaphindaphindi lutho isithombe Yakova Kostyukovskogo ngokuphelele, lo muntu ayikho umbono ogcwele uquqaba, kodwa izithelo umsebenzi wakhe ozijwayele noma yimuphi umuntu Russian. Phela, kumelwe thina siqale ngokumazi amaqhawe abo mathupha, ngakho cishe wonke umuntu kalula ucaphune "Diamond Hand" noma "Operation Y", kodwa uma sibala umlobi zalezi omkhulu wamabhayisikobho ashisa izikhotha bengayi wonke umuntu.

Umlobi wakhulela omkhaya angebona wezinzalamizi ezingamaJuda, kodwa eminyakeni aqala ukuqaphela yokuthi sifisa ukumazi kangcono umlando futhi ubuhlungu babantu bakhe. Sam uJakobe Aronovich babenza ukuthi wayenomuzwa wokuthi njalo ngonyaka i-Jewish ngaphezulu.

Ngaphezu isici amafilimu, Kostyukovsky wabhala amaskripthi opopayi amaningana, kuhlanganise "Isikhathi Machine" (1967), "entsha enkingeni enkulu" (1976) kanye "Kusukela ehlathini Pine" (1974).

Umlobi kwadingeka imiklomelo emithathu wempumelelo ezempi, ezihlanganisa ngendondo "Ngoba Defense of Moscow" futhi indondo "Ukuze Ukunqoba phezu eJalimane". Wemidlalo wafa ngo-2011. Wembelwa emathuneni Vagankovsky.