Whistling abaphehla ugesi ku udizili uma usheshisa: izimbangela kungenzeka futhi ukuxazulula le nkinga

izimoto Modern zivame ifakwe turbocharger - ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ngcono amandla nokusebenza ngisho ephansi amandla ongaphakeme-volume izinjini. Njengoba sazi, ayikho injini kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle ngaphandle ethile emoyeni. Ukuze ashise ekamelweni omlilo of ilitha kaphethiloli, kubalulekile hhayi ngaphansi kuka 11 ayizinkulungwane amalitha umoya-mpilo. Kodwa ukuze emoyeni ungawela waya amasilinda, kumele idlule lemifanekiso, ezininginingi eyanele, yokuwuthola mpintsha, bese ungene slot of isihlalo sehhashi valve uqobo. Isidingo motor emoyeni nguloko lakutfolile ngokuphelele. Turbocharger inamathela ibanga ukushesha futhi iphampa ke ekamelweni amandla omlilo. Ngo kokuhlinzwa, ophephela kungenza imisinjwana. abanikazi abaningi imoto sibonakala sethusa. Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani lokho okungaphakathi engeyokuqala, kungakhathaliseki amakhwela ophephela udizili yingozi uma usheshisa, futhi lokho elikushoyo.

Mayelana ukudalwa samanzi

Abanikazi Iningi imoto bakholwe sina ukuthi Turbo - yafika esanda kuqalwa. Basuke okukholakala Bavele isigamu kwekhulu lama-20 yesibili, lapho Turbo kwaba ifakwe cishe wonke amamodeli we imoto umkhakha German. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso. Usuku lokuzalwa ubhekwa Turbo 1911. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho i unjiniyela waseMelika u-Alfred Buchi ngakwazi ukuthola isitifiketi sokuba igunya idivayisi zezimboni ukukhiqizwa, okuvumela izikhathi eziningana ukwandisa umthamo kanye nezici motors ezivamile.

Kodwa nge zonke ukuphumelela ophephela Kwaqale kwaba usayizi besiyoba sikhulu futhi kube isisindo yenjini Kwandiswa kaningi. Kutfutfukiswa turbocharging ngoba izimoto ezithwala wayeka, kodwa ophephela nempahla esetshenziswa kakhulu ngenkuthalo. E-US, automakers babe ekujaheni ukusetha umfutho ohlelweni ezimbonini. Khona-ke (njengoba kunjalo nanamuhla) ukugembula phezu asemkhathini ivolumu powertrains. Kukhona ngisho ethi "akukho okungathatha indawo ivolumu."

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani fuel baphathwe eziphansi kunangesikhathi e-US. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhulwini lama-20, e-Europe wazizwa obumbi nophethiloli. Automakers usuqalile ukunciphisa imiqulu izinjini, ngakolunye uhlangothi luthuthukisa amandla. Lokhu kuye kwasiza ukuba lithuthukisa isimiso. Ubuchwepheshe sashintsha, timphawu tesakhiwo sekulula. Nokho, phakathi nemiphumela ethile engathandeki kwakuseyimpi okusezingeni eliphezulu petrol - turbocharging phakathi abavamile abanikazi imoto wathola udumo.

I-elementi e injini diesel

Njengoba kwaziwa kahle injini diesel yasungulwa ngo 1893. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, umklamo wayo kuyaphothulwa, ezingxenyeni eziningi abangu ngaphansi ukuhlukahluka amaningi kanye ukuhlela kabusha. Onjiniyela wasebenza indlela lokuveza ingxube fuel, kanye ibhalansi lalo. Khona-ke, onjiniyela baye basungula ophephela, eklanyelwe ukwandisa ukusebenza izici iyunithi ngenxa uphethiloli amandla omlilo ngokugcwele kule amasilinda. Le nqubo kusekelwe kokucindezelwa lomoya ohlelweni yangaphakathi - kungenzeka ukwandisa kwabantu moya. Ngakho ingxube washiswa ngokuphelele, futhi ikhafula kwekhabhoni eziyingozi ambalwa.

Kukhona ongaphakeme futhi ophezulu ophephela. amadivaysi okusezingeni eliphezulu umfutho kakhudlwa- kanye nomklamo eyinkimbinkimbi.

design

turbocharger Modern yidivayisi ehlanganisa izingxenye ezilandelayo. Lokhu amagobolondo ezimbili, ngayinye yaba ifakwe compressor futhi ophephela. Lezi housings zakhiwe ukushisa ukumelana cast iron Alloys. Ophephela ifakwe isondo ekhethekile - futhi unalo okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa ukumelana.

amabombo ekhethekile nazo ziyatholakala isakhiwo. umzimba wabo oluqanjwe Ukuxoshwa Alloys ekhethekile ngethusi. Udabula kubo kushaft kuxhumene isondo compressor nge Rotor ophephela. Kukhona ukwesekwa kanye amabombo ukwelula.

Umgomo we operation ye turbocharger

algorithm kanje. Imikhiqizo amandla omlilo okukhiphayo kusukela ezininginingi qeda, futhi ukufika khona turbocharger eyamukelayo umlomo wombhobho. Babe udabula ophephela nezindlu - ukudlula izindlu has a cross kwesigaba onhlobonhlobo. Exhaust amagesi njengoba traffic esiteshini kwandisa Isivinini yayo futhi kuthinte isondo ophephela - ngaphansi kwethonya ke uzungeza. Inombolo linemibhikisho Rotor the samanzi kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Isilinganiso ijubane ukujikeleza 1500 rev / umzuzwana.

emoyeni ngaphandle edabula izihlungi emoyeni, is bahlanza kusuka ukungcola kanye ukuwa onomfutho zibe ezininginingi eyanele. Khona-ke isiteshi ivaliwe. Ingxube kuyinto okwengeziwe onomfutho futhi luvutha. Okulandelayo, ezininginingi qeda liyavuleka. Ngesikhathi Umnyango wegumbi omlilo ukukhwezwa intercooler.

Kudingeka lwaluyophola umoya oshisayo ivela turbocompressor. kwandisa Ngakho ukuminyana futhi kunciphisa umthamo oxygen. Lolu dengezi is adjudged lemali enkulu emoyeni okuzokwenza ushise kahle kakhulu emva ukuxuba nophethiloli. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu amandla petrol sinciphile.

Uma ophephela ikhwelo

Ngo ukusebenza therethrough nenani elikhulu emoyeni ayishiyile, okuyinto ke ixubene fuel, okwandisa isisindo ingxube. Oxygen akhishwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu - ngaphansi hood Ingase ithanyelwe njengoba ikhwela ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho futhi ngesikhathi ezinyakazayo. Esinye sezizathu - kokunikezwa kwe-kohlelo.

Lezi imisindo kungenziwa uxwayiswe. Kodwa musa ngokushesha ukuya uphethwe ku SRT. Ungazama ukulungisa inkinga ngokwakho. Into yokuqala okumele ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlola umlomo wombhobho emoyeni ngamunye injini for yobunzima. Ngokuvamile, lapho ikhwela the samanzi livela ku udizili uma usheshisa, kukhona eyengeziwe air eyanele. Ukuqeda inkinga yanele ukuba esikhundleni lwezimpawu bese qinisa izibopho kanye iziqobosho.

Endabeni amapayipi ukugqoka ushintsho zabo entsha. abakwazi lilungiswe, wafaka ukusetshenziswa wangaphambili is hhayi Kunconywa.

Uma uhlelo Friend, futhi namanje ikhwelo lizwakele, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuba ukuqhuba more ngokujulile uphethwe, ngoba ophephela - intfo lebaluleke kakhulu lobuchwepheshe ukuthi kufanele ngisebenzele ukuyiyeka stably. Abaningi abazi ukuthi, kodwa abaphehla ugesi encane ashaye ikhwelo udizili uma usheshisa - kuyinto evamile. Kodwa uma idivayisi ebhongayo, khona-ke lihlotshaniswa izinkinga.

Njengoba amakhwela ophephela?

Ngokuvamile, lezi compressors ihlaba umkhosi umsindo ngesikhathi RPM isethi ku ezahlukene 1.5 kuya kwezingu-2.5 linemibhikisho. Akunandaba ukuthi ngokucijile uqale ukusheshisa. Whistle isazoqhubeka zenzeka. Umsindo abayeki, ngisho noma ngabe revs lehle. Kulokhu, ukusebenza injini akashintshi. Vele inani emoyeni egeleza ngokusebenzisa turbocharger sidlula izimbobo eziye elahlekile ukuma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, umshayeli ozwa gumbi injini emoyeni ezimbi ikhwela ngesikhathi ukushesha.

Khanyisa imisindo amakhwela ungakwazi ngisho kubonakala eziphehla ugesi ezintsha. Kodwa ngokushesha sihamba. Futhi emva kwesikhashana uma idivayisi kahle, sezwa nje umsindo ukusebenza injini. Uma kuzwakala ophephela, futhi ijubane ngesikhathi esifanayo incipha, esikhundleni hose exhumanisa ku-intercooler. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube yikho okumele kusolwe yena umoya ukushisa. Uma kwakuba khona ikhwela ngesikhathi ukushesha, njengomuntu intercooler ahlatshwe, kubalulekile ukuqhuba audit - ukuyilungisa kulula kuka samanzi. Into solder noma esikhundleni sawo kufakwe icala elisha eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa sina.

amakhefu Kungani intercooler? Iqiniso lokuthi element efakwe kule emotweni. Akukhona lokho kuphela, yena phambi kurediyetha, kanjalo fixed cishe ezansi ngesivuno. Ngakho-ke lapha ungathola ezihlukahlukene amatshe.

Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu sezizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani kukhona ikhwela ophephela ku udizili uma kuyashesha. Phela, lo intercooler ayifakiwe zonke izinjini turbocharged. Lokhu kumele kubhekwe uphethwe. Kwezinye izimo, amafutha compressor ukupholisa (isib udizili "Kammniz" y "iNsephe-Business").

izizathu ikhwelo

Speed, okuyinto uzungeza le impeller ophephela sisebenza ngokugcwele, ingaphezu lishumi lamawaka ngomzuzu. Ngokucacile, impempe udizili ophephela ngesikhathi ukusheshisa - wuphawu compounds depressurization uhlelo. Kuzwakala ophephela ngenxa ukudlula umoya onomfutho ngokusebenzisa umqhewu. Ixazulula lezi zinkinga wedwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthola indawo okungukuthi imbangela yalezi umsindo.

Futhi ophephela ikhwela ngesilinganiso isethi kungenzeka ngenxa ukudlula umoya kuphi kusukela ezininginingi itheku kuya intercooler. Futhi, umsindo okuyokwenzeka khona izikhala phakathi ikhanda isilinda kanye ezininginingi eyanele (gapping block evele). Uma ulwelwesi is ngesibhakela, kubuye kube esinye sezizathu esenza impempe. Sound kungaphinde kwenzeke uma izinto third-party uthole ngaphakathi indlela.

Okunye Izimpawu

Hhayi nje amakhwela ngesikhathi ukusheshisa kungase kubonise ukungasebenzi iyunithi. Zikhona nezinye izimpawu. Njengoba-ke kungaba azimisele ukuthi ophephela kwakudingeka kulungiswe. Sizobheka ukwehluleka evamile unit umbala qeda.

intuthu okwesibhakabhaka

Yilesi isibonakaliso wokuqala futhi isici kakhulu zokugwema ukuphuka. uzobe ngesilinganiso isethi kusukela ipayipi qeda ilahlwe intuthu okwesibhakabhaka. Kulokhu, uma imoto iyasebenza ngesivinini aphansi, ngeke. Kubangele combusting uwoyela olungena ekamelweni isilinda ngenxa ukuvuza kusukela turbocharger. Futhi isici ikhwela ngesilinganiso isethi ungezwakala.

black intuthu

Intuthu umbala enjalo ibonisa ukuthi amasilinda burns ingxube ocebile emoyeni ngenxa namanzi avuzayo esiphakamayo noma thoroughfares intercooler. Futhi esinye isizathu - uhlelo electronic control. Kungase luntengantenge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola isimo Imibhobho esemzimbeni.

intuthu emhlophe

Izizathu ukwakheka intuthu okutholakala amafutha abakhwabanisi ndima ophephela ivimbekile. Uma lo mshini izindlu Kutholwe uwoyela ukuvuza, noma kuba kwi Imibhobho esemzimbeni endleleni emoyeni, lokhu ke kungenxa ungcolisa kohlelo esiteshini air. Kungenzeka futhi coked ophephela axis. Ngenxa amagesi qeda kukhona umbala nemvelo.

isiphetho

Sibheke ukuthi kungani kukhona ikhwela ophephela ku injini diesel ngesikhathi ukushesha, izimbangela zezinkumbulo lezi imisindo. Ezimweni eziningi, zihlotshaniswa emoyeni ukuvuza. Ukuyeka le depressurization kungaba yezandla zabo. Kodwa uma umonakalo kuyisono esibi nakakhulu, kukhona ongasaziphathi bebodwa. abaphehla ugesi banamuhla baye nzima ukwakhiwa kanye nokulungisa kungcono ishiyelwe ochwepheshe. Bayakwazi ukubona umsindo ikhwela kuka a ophephela.