Uyini-IOC ukuthi isinikeze? International iKomiti-Olympic: ifulege, ukufakelwa imali, ikhomishini, amakomiti kanye nezakhiwo

Uyini-IOC ukuthi isinikeze? I-International iKomiti-Olympic (IOC) - i-non-nzuzo zamazwe ngamazwe ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni based e Lausanne (Switzerland). It sidalwe Pierre de Coubertin, Juni 23, 1894, futhi umengameli wayo wokuqala kwaba Dimitri Vikelas. Kuze kube manje, yakhiwa amalungu 100 asebenzayo, 32 amalungu zokuhlonipha futhi 1 ilungu udumo. IKomiti kuyinto eliphakeme Olympic Movement ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla.

Uyini-IOC ukuthi isinikeze?

I-International iKomiti-Olympic ihlela yesimanje iMidlalo Yama-Olympic futhi Youth iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ezenzeka ihlobo nobusika njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine. Eyokuqala i-Olympic Games, ihlelwe-IOC ukuthi isinikeze, imidlalo yama-Olympic yayiqhutshelwa lizwe, e-Athens, ngo-1896. Winter Olympics okokuqala emlandweni wesintu (eGrisi lasendulo awazange abanjwe Winter Games) labetibambile ngo-1924 e Chamonix, enyakatho yeFrance. Ngaphambi kuka-1992, womabili Imidlalo yayiqhutshelwa lowo nyaka. IKomiti bese sahamba-Olympic Winter Imidlalo eminyakeni ngisho phakathi ehlobo ukusiza abagqugquzeli kokubili izenzakalo kuhlelembisa izenzo zabo futhi ungagxambukeli nomunye, kanye ukuze ngithuthukise isimo sakhe sezimali IOC, okuyinto ithola inzuzo lenkhulu eminyakeni yama-Olympic. Eyokuqala Summer Youth iMidlalo Yama-Olympic yayiqhutshelwa Singapore ngo-2010, futhi ngobusika bokuqala - Innsbruck ngo-2012.

Kuyini ifulegi International iKomiti-Olympic?

IOC ifulege luyinhlanganisela izindandatho ezinhlanu (ezintathu phezu futhi ezimbili ngezansi). Basuke-munye. indandatho ngamunye has nombala ohlukile: okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abamnyama, obomvu, ophuzi noluhlaza okotshani. Bonke amele emazwekazini amahlanu Zomhlaba. IOC ifulege has a background elimhlophe.

IOC Mission

Inhloso ye-International iKomiti-Olympic, ngokuhambisana yayo imibhalo sisekelo, ukukhuthaza abasubathi-Olympic emhlabeni wonke futhi ukukhuthaza-Olympic Movement. Kumelwe wenze lokhu okulandelayo:

• ukulondoloza ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele futhi esihleliwe ezemidlalo emhlabeni wonke, nokulikhuthaza wonke iplanethi;
• ukunikeza Imidlalo ngokuhambisana nesimiso fixed;
• ubambisane abanekhono izinhlangano zomphakathi noma zangasese kanye neziphathimandla;
• alwe iyiphi kwenziwa imizamo ukuliveza lingamanga-Olympic Movement;
• ulwe ukucwaswa kwabesifazane kwezemidlalo emhlabeni, ukuvikela ukulingana zamadoda nabesifazane.

IOC

Session International iKomiti-Olympic - iyona inhlangano main collective ukuphathwa umzimba. Yena uzoba kanye ngonyaka. Ukuqalisa isimiso nokulingana kwamavoti, lapho ilungu ngalinye has ivoti elilodwa kuphela. indlunkulu IOC e Lausanne, iyona ndawo esemthethweni esimisweni.

amaseshini Olumangalisayo kusengathiwa ngokunye kwalokhu umongameli noma 1/3 ye ubulungu Imininingwane. Nokho, Regulation uthi isinqumo we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze ukuthatha kaningi kakhulu futhi ngokungadingekile.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuseshini IOC inelungelo:

• okwemukela noma ukuchibiyela Charter-Olympic.
• wokuqoka amalungu IOC, uMongameli Honorary namaLungu Honorary.
• wokuqoka uMongameli, Iphini-oMongameli kanye nazo zonke ezinye amalungu IOC Executive Board.
• ukhetha idolobha zaziziningi iMidlalo Yama-Olympic.

udumisa

Ngaphezu ancintisanayo izindondo-Olympic yilezi ezilandelayo IOC imiklomelo:

1. Trophy uMongameli IOC. Ingabe umahluko eliphakeme samba abasubathi abaye benza kahle kakhulu ekunikezeni umdlalo wabo, kwadingeka umsebenzi ongajwayelekile lwalithinta umxhwele ku umdlalo wabo.

2. Pierre de Coubertin indondo. Ukhishwa yabadlali ababonisa umoya ezikhethekile ezemidlalo kuma-Olympics. Abaningi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ngoba IOC ngokomthetho ngokuthi bayizithunywa izindondo-Olympic, kodwa akuyona.

3.-Olympic Cup. Unikelwa izikhungo noma izinhlangano ebonisa kokufaneleka kanye neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni asebenzayo ukunyakaza-Olympic.

4.-Olympic Order. Iklonyeliswe abantu ngomnikelo esivelele ukunyakaza-Olympic. Esikhundleni Isitifiketi-Olympic zangaphambili ezikhona.

Ubulungu e-IOC ukuthi isinikeze

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, izwe kusukela lapho kwakhiwa isakhiwo sonke se-IOC, wathumela amalungu amabili kuya-IOC ukuthi isinikeze. Kamuva, i-oda zaqala ukushintsha kancane kancane. Ngenxa yalokho, isisekelo kwaba ukwakheka amakomiti ukhetho ala mazwe athintekile phakathi kwamalungu abo.

Ukwesulwa kobulungu

Ubulungu e-IOC ukuthi isinikeze sinqanyuliwe kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukudela. ilungu IOC angamisa amandla akhe ngokunikeza isaziso esibhalwe phansi yokusula uMongameli.

2. Ukungabi bikho kabusha ukhetho. ilungu IOC iyeke baba, ngaphandle Okusemthethweni okwengeziwe uma akakhulumi ayakhethwa.

3. Ukufinyelela engu esiphezulu. ilungu IOC liyaphela amandla ekupheleni konyaka, lapho yena efinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-80.

4. Ukwenqaba ukuhlanganyela sessions kweminyaka emibili elandelanayo.

5. Ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala noma ubuzwe.

6. abantu abaqokelwe njengoba abasubathi asebenzayo ayeka ukuba khona amalungu Commission-IOC ukuthi isinikeze Abasubathi ', uma uthatha umhlalaphansi.

7. UMongameli IOC futhi izikhundla eziphezulu zokuphatha ngaphakathi NOCs, izwe noma izinhlangano zamazwekazi NOCs, Ukube nokunye, ziphele amandla ayo obonwa isinqumo IOC.

8. Ukwehluka: ilungu IOC angase axoshwe yisinqumo se esimisweni uma wakhaphela nesifungo sakhe noma uma Session ebheka khona ukuthi uye dengwane izithakazelo IOC noma ngamabomu ubeka engozini, noma isinyathelo ngendlela okungalungile ilungu IOC.

ngezimali IOC

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1980 imidlalo yama-Olympic incike imali emthonjeni owodwa - izivumelwano nezinkampani kumabonakude wase-US ukusakaza imidlalo yama-Olympic. Ngemva ukhetho sakhe sokuba ngumengameli we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze ngo-1980, Juan Antonio Samaranch uye waqaphela lokhu sengcupheni, futhi ngokuxhumana Horst Dassler, Adidas ilunga lomndeni, wanquma ukuqalisa izinhlelo ukumaketha global IOC. Samaranch esimisiwe Canadian IOC ilungu Richarda Paunda Usihlalo IOC Commission "imithombo okusha wezezimali."

Ngo-1982, inkampani Swiss ku inkampani ezemidlalo ukumaketha ISL Marketing isungule luhlelo ukumaketha lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo-IOC ukuthi isinikeze-Olympic Movement. ISL isungule ngempumelelo ohlelweni, kodwa bathathelwe indawo inkampani Ukuphathwa Meridian, okuyinto ngokwengxenye okungewakho-IOC ukuthi isinikeze kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1990.

Ngo-1989 esinye sezisebenzi ISL Marketing Maykl Peyn bajoyine IOC futhi waba umphathi wokuqala ukumaketha lenhlangano. Nokho, ISL futhi kamuva Meridian kudlalwa Noma kunjalo indima ebalulekile kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo yokuthengisa nokumaketha 2002 ejenti. Iminyaka 17, ngekubambisana ne ISL futhi kamuva ne Meridian, Payne wenza umnikelo omkhulu ukudalwa uhlelo uxhaso nokumaketha zamaRandi, okuyinto, kanye ngcono TV ukumaketha kanye ngcono ukuphathwa kwezimali, iye yasiza ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwezimali IOC. Ama-Olympic aqala ukuletha uyabuya omkhulu. Ngo-2002, iKomiti ukuba nihlukane ne Meridian salibangisa uhlelo lokumaketha yayo beqondiswa Timo Lummen, Ukuphatha amasevisi Umqondisi Marketing.

Amaholo

I-Olympic Movement uthola imali ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezinkulu ezinhlanu. I-International-Olympic Committee (IOC) uphatha ukusakaza bambiswano Umhlaba Uhlelo uxhaso Olympic Movement. Ikomidi ukuhlela ukuphathwa abaxhasi uma uya phakathi nezwe, ithikithi yokuthengisa nezinhlelo amalayisense kuleli zwe aphethe nazo ngaphansi kobuholi-IOC ukuthi isinikeze. Olympics uthola iholo for ingqikithi ezingaphezu kuka $ 4 billion. Irekhodi nezikhathi zesikhashana - 2.5 amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu Imali phakathi-Olympic inkathi yeminyaka emine kusukela 2001 kuya ku-2004. Kumatima yini kukholelwa kutsi nguye IOC uthola iminyaka 4, kodwa ukumaketha kwabo ukuletha imivuzo emikhulu.

ukusatshalaliswa ngenzuzo

IOC inike ingxenye imali yawo wonke izinhlangano-Olympic Movement ukusekela nokulungiselela kanye ukubamba iMidlalo Yama-Olympic futhi ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukisa umdlalo emhlabeni wonke. I-International iKomiti-Olympic azigcina mayelana 10% yemali kusuka ukumaketha kuma-Olympic izindleko lokusebenza nolokuphatha lwesiGungu.

Amakomidi-Olympic National

NOCs ukuthola usizo lwezimali lokusiza ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa amaqembu-Olympic, abasubathi Olympic kubagijimi esizayo. Inhlangano ihambisa izimali phakathi Amakomidi emhlabeni wonke. IKomiti nakho kunomthelela yezokusakaza-Olympic, ukuthuthukiswa-Olympic iSolidarity, kanye neminye imisebenzi yama-Olympic, libhekene Isidingo esikhulu kunazo zonke izimali.

-Olympic ukumaketha impumelelo futhi ekuphetheni izivumelwano ku Broadcasting-Olympic ukuvumele inhlangano ukuhlinzeka ukwesekwa kakhudlwana ukuze NOCs nge umjikelezo ngamunye-Olympic quadrennial.

International Olympic Sports netiNhlangano (Ukube)

IOC okwamanje umthombo inzuzo enkulu ngoba iningi Ukube, njengoba igalelo lalo nengeniso yonke inhlangano MSF ku siza ukukhulisa yezemidlalo abafanele emhlabeni wonke. IOC siniketa kwesekelwa ngetimali, uthome Ukube 28 ka-Olympic ehlobo ezemidlalo kanye nesiphetfo 7 Ukube ka-Olympic ezemidlalo ebusika (iqala, ngokulandelana, ngemuva kokuphothulwa umjikelezo olandelayo ihlobo nobusika-Olympic Games). Esande ukubaluleka-Olympic ukusakaza ngokubambisana eye wavumela IOC ukuthi kakhulu ukwandisa nekwesekela ngetimali ku-Ukube Nje nge ngamunye Imidlalo ngokulandelana.

nezinye izinhlangano

Inhlangano ikhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza izimali zayo ezinhlelweni of neyaziwayo izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ahlukahlukene ezemidlalo, kuhlanganise International Paralympic Committee kanye Okwezwe Anti-Doping Agency (Wada). Ezimweni eziningi babesebenza luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa, kodwa kwenzeka futhi izingxabano. Ngokwesibonelo, umehluko phakathi Wada kanye IOC phezu yokuvuma iqembu Russian kuma-Olympics-2016 (lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngezansi).

abaxhasi

IOC has inqwaba abanikele, okuyinto futhi sinikeze, phakathi kokunye, inhlangano engeziwe okwenza inzuzo. Phakathi edume kunazo yilezi:

• "Coca-Cola";
• "Bridgestone";
• "General Electric";
• "McDonald";
• "Panasonic";
• "Procter & Gamble";
• "Samsung";
• "Toyota";
• "Visa".

Futhi ingxenye uxhaso livela ukusekela National Amakomidi-Olympic.

Indawo iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ngo-1976

Ekuqaleni, ebambe iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ngo-1976 kwabulala emizini ezilandelayo:

1. Denver, Colorado, USA.

2. Sion, Switzerland.

3. Tampere, Finland.

4. Vancouver, eCanada.

Ekuqaleni, umuzi Imidlalo wakhethwa Denver Meyi 12, 1970. Nokho, nokukhuphuka kwezindleko futhi okhathazeke ngenhlalakahle nemiphumela emibi imvelo (eziya ziba zimbi yesimo sakhe izikhathi 3) kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi Novemba 7, 1972 izakhamuzi isimo baye bavotela ukuze waive Imidlalo, ngoba uma kungenjalo edingekayo isibopho udaba inani $ 5 million ngezimali kwezimali zomphakathi.

Denver wenqabile ngokusemthethweni uNovemba 15, kanye neKomiti ke ezihlongozwayo umdlalo e Whistler (British Columbia, Canada), kodwa futhi wenqaba ngenxa lwabangela ukushintsha kukahulumeni, ngemuva kokhetho.

Salt Lake City (Utah) ngo-1972 wazinikela sokubungaza isivakashi bezikhali Imidlalo emuva kokuthi enqabe Denver (ekugcineni, njengoba sazi, amkhumula 2002 Imidlalo). I-International iKomiti-Olympic, namanje sasilinyazwe ukwehluleka Denver, ngakhetha Innsbruck (Austria) for the Winter Olympic Games in 1976. Ngaphambi ukuthi Innsbruck yasungulwa ngonyaka ka 1964 Winter Olympic Games.

Nehlazo ne-Olympic Games ka-2002 e-Salt Lake City

Scandal Disemba 10, 1998, lapho ilungu Swiss lenhlangano Marc Hodler, inhloko ekomidini eliphethe ekwengameleni inhlangano iMidlalo Yama-Olympic-2002, wamemezela ukuthi amalungu amaningana IOC wathatha ukufunjathiswa. Ngokushesha, nophenyo ezimele ezine ziye eyenziwa yizinhlangano ezehlukene:-IOC ukuthi isinikeze, le USOC, US Department of Justice.

Ngaphambi aphenya abaphathi Oxley Welch no Johnson basula. amanye amalungu amaningi-IOC ukuthi isinikeze balandela ngokushesha. Ministry of Justice onibekele abaholi amacala: bafuna ukunikeza ngamunye iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ngamacala ukufumbathisa nokukhwabanisa. Johnson Welch zagcina Ahoxisiwe wonke amacala obugebengu ngoDisemba 2003.

Ngenxa yalokho sokwenza uphenyo amalungu ayishumi IOC zaxoshwa futhi kunezinye eziyishumi abangu ngaphansi unswinyo ahlukahlukene. Kwakuwusuku ngaphandle lokuqala noma ukunqunywa unswinyo wenkohlakalo for engaphezu kweyikhulu bokuba khona eKomitini. Nakuba lutho ngokuqinile emthethweni okwakwenziwe, kwacatshangwa ukuthi bathatha imali yokugwazelwa kwaba ezinokuziphatha. imithetho eqinile esezamukelwe izicelo esizayo, nokugqamisa amalungu amaningi IOC angazamukela amabhidi for the imidlalo.

nezinye ukuphikisana

Ngo-2006, ngokusho kombiko we umbusi Nagano (Japan), izigidi zamadola okubhekwe ama-Olympics, yasetshenziswa ngesimo "ezingeni emthethweni futhi ngokweqile yokungenisa izihambi 'ukuba amalungu eKomiti, kuhlanganise $ 4.4 million wabo ukuzijabulisa. Lokhu kwalandelwa uphenyo futhi ukuxoshwa inombolo baMalunga eMibuso.

Amaqembu amaningi ngamazwe kuqhathaniswa Olympics e-Beijing asekele ke iqiniso lokuthi leli lizwe linazo ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu amaningi kakhulu. Mayelana nalezi izimangalo labetibambile ukulalelwa eziningi, kodwa ekugcineni asho khona la mazwi iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ka-2008 izobanjelwa e-Beijing.

Ngo-2010, iKomiti-Olympic International waklonyeliswa unongorwana okhethekileko. Unikelwa kuya futhi "siyanyanyisa" izinhlangano okubi kakhulu yenkampani emhlabeni wonke.

Ngaphambi kokuqala i-Olympic Games ka-2012, iKomiti banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i ubambe umzuzu wokuthula ukuhlonipha inkumbulo 11 Olympian Israeli ababhujiswa Olympics Munich engu-40 edlule. Zhak Rogge, umongameli IOC ngesikhathi, wathi kuyoba "okungalungile" ukukwenza, okwabangela ebanzi resonance yomphakathi.

doping scandal

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yalokho we doping scandal owaziwa ngoJulayi 2016 ku ngemiphumela yocwaningo Kwezwe Anti-Doping Association, umbiko we isazi American futhi intatheli McLaren, kanye ezenziwa sezemidlalo Court Arbitration, isinqumo IOC of Russian eqenjini lesizwe cishe lisusiwe kusuka-Olympic Games in Rio de -Zhaneyro. IOC umhlangano e Lausanne bagcina ekuvezweni izimo ezinzima kube obuvumelana nokuthi abaseRussia kuma-Olympics kanye abasubathi bonke sichithiwe lonke iqembu, kokubili kulabo ababamba Dope, futhi labo abangazange ehilelekile ngokuphathelene nakho konke lokhu.