Uxhumano imaski - umsizi okuthembekile ekwakhiweni amanethiwekhi

Ngo mashumi eminyaka ambalwa okugcina ngenkuthalo asathuthuka inethiwekhi ubuchwepheshe. Kusukela kwasungulwa jikelele izinsiza Inthanethi ixhunywe ku inombolo yayo enkulu ezincane amanethiwekhi zendawo kanye nabasebenzisi ngabanye. Kule ndaba, kwakukhona esiphuthumayo incazelo ecacile ye ekhuluma kwenethiwekhi ISIZINDA. Isixazululo etholakele.

imodeli TCP / IP isakhiwo sezinga ezine. Ngayinye yalezi amazinga unesibopho imisebenzi yayo, kodwa munye umsebenti ebaluleke kakhulu ekhuluma e inethiwekhi. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, sebenzisa i-IP ikheli version wesine, okuyinto inombolo ukuthi siqukethe izingcezu amathathu nambili. It ngokucacile ikhomba inethiwekhi, okuyinto aphethe ethile, kanye ngokuqondile, ikheli aphethe. Ngokusobala, isibalo salezi amakheli lilinganiselwe.

ngokucacile imishini ezidingekile ikheli elifanele ukwazi ukuthi ikheli wabonisa yinethiwekhi, futhi lapho umninikhaya. Le mission uthatha imaskhi inethiwekhi, kanjalo lula kakhulu umsebenzi inqwaba ezahlukene imishini inethiwekhi, kokubili yekwentiwa kanye asebenzayo.

Netmask ichaza ngokusobala indlela izingcezu eziningi ikheli kungokwalabo inethiwekhi, futhi yini - ekhelini yempi. Lokhu ubuchwepheshe benza ukuthi ukwandisa ivolumu amakheli kungenzeka, uma liqhathaniswa ecacile ukwahlukanisa subnets ubuchwepheshe amakilasi. Iphinde ikuvumela ukuba ugweme izingxabano ezivela icala lokuthola afanayo.

inethiwekhi imaski ivumela ukwehlukana amanethiwekhi ezinkulu zenziwe kancane kancane, okuyinto zihlukaniswe yena, ngisho ezincane nokunye, kuze uphase izingcezu amathathu. Kodwa nge inani elandayo inethiwekhi kunciphisa inani Sebawoti. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe kumele ngokucophelela kubhekwe njengento nenombolo ledzingekako amakheli hostnames.

Ngokuvamile, imaskhi Ukusetha inamba kusuka abayisishiyagalolunye amathathu. Lona Inani lezinhlamvu ku kanambambili ikheli, okuyinto unomthwalo ikheli inethiwekhi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ikheli 193.29.204.19, uma ine- buso inethiwekhi 24, ikheli inethiwekhi 193.29.204.0, futhi isingatha 193.29.204.1-254 amakheli (kusukela ikheli ukusakaza 193.29.204.255).

Ukuze ukwazi ukubona konke lokhu, kubalulekile ukubala imaskhi subnet isekelwe emithethweni ethize. Kusibonelo esingaphezulu, le nqubo kwaba kanje. Ngakho, okokuqala kumelwe ukuhumusha le uhlelo kanambambili sibalo. Kodwa kumele kwenziwe ukuze uthole octets ezine. amadijithi Kulahleke kumele ithathelwe indawo amaqanda ngaphambi inombolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unikezwa imaskhi yenethiwekhi, noma kunalokho isibalo saso, kulotshiwe ngesimo amayunithi ohlanganisa e isamba elihambisana le nombolo. Kuyinto elula kakhudlwana ukukwenza eyedwa ngokucacile ukubhekana sibalo figure. inothi elingezelelako ikheli dash isikhathi lapho imaskhi futhi ekupheleni amayunithi aqale amaqanda. Futhi sithola kwesokunxele - ikheli subnet, ohlangothini lokunene - ikheli aphethe. Sihumusha emuva ibe ngaphezulu ifomu evamile ledesimali. Yilokho.

Lo msebenzi akuyona nzima, kodwa iyasiza ngenkathi ekwakheni amanethiwekhi olunzulu ngezinga elikhulu. inethiwekhi imaski bangaba umsizi okuthembekile ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo ecacile phezulu futhi yayala.