Uphi cosmodrome "Plesetsk"? Ukuxhumanisa ngqo

Uma "Baikonur" kucacile ucishe ke umbuzo indawo cosmodrome "Plesetsk", abaningi badideka. Futhi bonke ngenxa yokuthi akazange akhulume kakhulu ngakho. Kufanele enze ulwazi ulahlekile.

Lapho konke kwaqala?

Ebusika 1957. Labe wanquma ukusungula luhlobo lempi ngoJanuwari. Wayezoba enkompolo lokuqala InterContinental ezicitshwayo ballistic. Ngawo lowo nyaka wabona kuqale ukwakhiwa wokuqala sokuqala eziyinkimbinkimbi. Njengamanje, spaceport has amasayithi kwethulwa eziyisithupha, ezinye zazo ziyizilimi kuyakhiwa.

Indlela ukukhetha indawo?

Manje kungenzeka umane ube nentshisekelo lapho "Plesetsk" - lo spaceport abadumile, bese kwadingeka bathole sezwe onjengaye.

Nakuba izinto eziningi kudingeka kucatshangelwe. Abazange walahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwabo ezweni lanamuhla. Indawo lapho cosmodrome "Plesetsk", ihlangabezana nemibandela elandelayo:

• budebuduze esiteshini sesitimela;
• ithuba hit isitha ezingase zivele;
• kuhambisana nemibandela osekusithekeni;
• It has ithuba ukuhlola-kokudubula endaweni yeNhlonhlo eKamchatka;
• ikhishiwe ukusuka ezinabantu ezinkulu itholakala endaweni enemizi egqagqene.

Zonke lezi zidingo zivumelana endaweni ukuqhela Arkhangelsk. Lokho kukhona indawo lapho cosmodrome "Plesetsk".

Futhi ziyini izixhumanisi zayo?

Akukhona njalo ulwazi olwanele mayelana lokho esuswa Arkhangelsk kuya ibanga cishe 180 km kuya eningizimu. Kwenzeka ukuthi udinga ukwazi kahle lapho cosmodrome "Plesetsk". Ukuxhumanisa ngeke ke singaba usizo kabi.

Nakuba kunzima kakhulu ukukhuluma mayelana eqondile idatha zalokho komnikazi ngoba kakhulu welulela phezu nsimu enkulukazi. Kodwa namanje. imithombo Iningi ukhombise ulwazi olulandelayo:

• empumalanga ne-longitude - 40.68º noma 40 ° 41 ';
• enyakatho-latitude - 62.96 62 ° noma 57 '.

Ngiphethe nomlando wayo

Isiqalisi lokuqala yaqedwa eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokuqala ukwakhiwa. Ngemva konyaka waqala ngowokuqala missile ukulwa komsebenzi (ngo-1960).

Ngemva komunye iminyaka emithathu, kwenziwa isinqumo ukusebenzisa amakhono etholakalayo yokuqalisa iziphuphutheki. Futhi ngo-1966 kusukela cosmodrome "Plesetsk" wathunyelwa ku-orbit wokuqala babo. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, spaceport ubelokhu esetshenziswa. Futhi lemibili letako abangu libhekene iqiniso lokuthi omunye ezine kwethulwa isikhala emhlabeni eyenziwa wayephumile kuleyo ndawo.

Kuze kube ngasekuqaleni 1999 senziwa ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane izimoto kwethulwa.

Futhi leyo nombolo, 49 kuphela ayehambisana eziphuthumayo.

Ngokuqinisekile amacebo ngokusebenzisa Baikonur kukhona into ukuqaliswa andize isikhala.

Imininingwane kusayithi kwethulwa nezindawo ezizungezile

"Test State 1st" - igama elisemthethweni le cosmodrome "Plesetsk". Isifinyezo ke lokhu:

- elethiwa esiteshini "Plesetsk", okuqondene Northern sesitimela ;

- endaweni libhekene ithafa eliphakeme-i-like inamagquma;

- insimu ise sezulu kakhulu yezwekazi, esibonakala by simo esishubile kakhulu futhi kubanda kakhulu;

- isayithi kwethulwa ihlanganisa indawo ka 1762 km ^2;

- Ubude yayo parallel - mayelana 46 km, kanye umugqa owehla nembulunga okuyi - 82 km;

- sokuqondisa se Baikonur itholakala edolobheni Mirny,

- bakhona kuhluka 30 abantu abayizinkulungwane 50, lesi silinganiso kuxhomeke kulokho umsebenzi wenziwa "Plesetsk";

- isimo edolobheni - CATF, esimelela "Kuvaliwe City".

Uyini umthelela emvelweni?

Le ndawo lapho cosmodrome "Plesetsk" Kodwa, njenganoma iyiphi enye, ungakwazi uyibize ngokuthi imvelo. Kodwa kamuva lesi. Ekuqaleni izinguquko ezenzeke imvelo. Futhi zisobala. Ngenxa yokuthi Yakha uqobo izindawo spaceport futhi inkonzo ezidingekayo kule ndawo usule. Kwakudingeka nokuba ukwakha izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye ingqalasizinda ukusekela abasebenzi ayengakwenza eduze ngokushesha umsebenzi.

Ikakhulu omubi ehlaselwe falling of kweminsalo, ahlukaniswa kuzo ngesikhathi indiza. Arkhangelsk esifundeni has izindawo 11 falling. Kukhona ukuthuthukiswa elinganiselwe, umhlaba ayisetshenziswa ngezinhloso zezolimo. Futhi sonke ngoba izinsalela kungaba kulezi propellants. Iqukethe kwesinobuthi izidakamizwa dimethylhydrazine unsymmetrical futhi uba Umanyolo nitrogen, kuyashesha ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, emhlabeni spaceports ngokuvamile baphawula ukukhula kakhudlwana utshani ezindaweni lapho uphethiloli ukuthi achithekile.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kakhulu kwehle isibalo ekuqaleni abantu abadala eminyakeni yamuva. Ngakho-ke, ezingxenyeni falling yenethiwekhi rocket yayiya. Kule ndaba, lokuhlushwa izinto eziyingozi kwehle.

Ngaphezu wonke ukwethulwa yakamuva abazenzi uphethiloli sakhiwa kaphalafini nomoya-mpilo ketshezi. ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela kwenziwa flying ebekaphaphela zisebenzise fuel ubudala. Lokhu kubuye nomthelela obonakalayo lokuhlushwa dimethylhydrazine futhi tetraksida nitrogen imvelo. It kuyahlukahluka phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, 4 landfill ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi. Ezinye - ngisho isikhathi eside 10.

Konke mayelana nophethiloli achithekile. Yini ukusha ngaphakathi injini, akukho umonakalo ngenxa kwekhabhoni. Ngoba ngakho asekelwe okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa fuel is combusted cishe ngokuphelele. Imiphumela amandla omlilo kwakhona amanzi, isikhutha kanye nitrogen.