Umthelela begazi emisebeni ku womuntu

Umthelela begazi emisebeni ku womuntu itholakala ionization umzimba wayo izicubu amaseli nokubukeka ukugula ngemisebe. Lesi sifo kuzoncika ezintweni eziningi: indawo ethintekayo, umthamo we ionizing emisebeni, isikhathi lapho umthamo wathola.

ionizing emisebeni

Lapho izinhlayiya ephezulu amandla noma izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya okuyinto idlule ketshezi akha pair endleleni yayo izinhlayiya icala, ababiziweyo ion. Ngakho-ke, kuyingoti is ionizing emisebeni. Umthelela begazi emisebeni kunomphumela omkhulu waqhubeka ephila ndaba. Ukuhlala izicubu - kuthiwa amaseli njalo olusha, kuyinqubo ashukumisayo. Futhi ionizing emisebeni isibili kumzwise ubuhlungu.

Ingxenye ukulimala emisebeni elihlobene ne izilonda mechanical izakhiwo yamangqamuzana ezifana chromosome. Ngokwengxenye - kuya yezinqubo zamakhemikhali ezenzeka nge Liberate ezizivelelayo. Njengoba indoda 75% wamanzi, emisebeni sokuqala emisebeni iyavuleka amaseli amanzi, ukwakha radicals khulula ezifana OH, HO2, N. Esikhathini namachibi eyasabela kwenzeka uchungechunge ezizivelelayo la mangqamuzana amaprotheni. Khona-ke kukhona izinguquko ukusebenza imithetho cell ukuphila yemvelo.

Izinguquko ezilandelayo zenzeka amaseli:

• kuhlukane indlela lilimele kwalimala iseli chromosomal apharathasi;
• umbeki inqubo yokuvuselela futhi kwamangqamuzana lamaseli;
• umbeki inqubo ekwandeni nezicubu ukuvuselelwa.

Iningi imiphumela begazi umthelela emisebeni phezu avuselelwe umnkantsha, ubende, gonads, njll

Acute emisebeni syndrome

A umthamo omkhulu kakhulu ionizing emisebeni (ngaphezu kuka-600 rad) kuholela ekubhujisweni okusheshayo umuntu (uma kwenziwe noma iyiphi inqubo yokwelapha). Ngezinye umthamo 400-600 rad zabulala abantu abangaba ngu-50% abantu. Iqala acute emisebeni ukugula, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ehlala ingafi hematopoietic uhlelo (obomvu umnkantsha) kanye iyayeka ukusebenza yesimiso sokuzivikela.

Ngesonto lokuqala acute emisebeni syndrome asymptomatic - okubizwa ngokuthi inkathi esicashile lesi sifo. Bese kufika ukuwohloka, ehluleka izivikeli mzimba, sebeqala sibhebhetheka zonke izifo kanye nezifo ezintsha. Ngu mayelana ngesonto wesine ekuthuthukiseni kwegazi, igazi iyeke phinda kwengozi ukopha.

Izinga lwamanje imithi ikuvumela ukuba asindise abantu abamukele umthamo we ionizing emisebeni 1000 rad. Ngaphambili, imiphumela begazi emisebeni e isamba okungafanele ubaphathe. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ukugula - lena kwedlulela umonakalo. Ukweqiwa ezincane kungabangela wegazi kanye izimila ahlukahlukene ebulalayo.

Imithombo izinhlobo njalo yokuchayeka emisebeni ye

Umuntu bangathola umthamo eyingozi emisebeni kusukela emisebeni odlulayo amafu noma evele okunobuthi kwamabhilidi, izakhiwo kanye umhlaba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi emisebeni zangaphandle. ukuchayeka Yangaphakathi kwenzeka uma umuntu inhales aerosol onegciwane (ephefumula ingozi) noma ibusa okunobuthi ukudla namanzi. impahla enemisebe angase ungene isikhumba nezingubo ngokuphazima kweso. ukuchayeka okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi contact.

Umthelela begazi emisebeni kungabangela imiphumela elandelayo:

• stochastic ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Ziyakwazi nzima ukubona futhi lungase lungaveli amashumi eminyaka.
• Ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Kuthinta kuphela ukuchayeka zesintu inzalo ayiphazamiseki.
• Bofuzo. Wephule ngokobulili iseli izakhiwo obala abantu ezithinta inzalo, okubonakala nge sengozini azalwa naso futhi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo.

I degree of ukuchayeka akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni umthamo kodwa ngesikhathi ukuchayeka ngokuqhubekayo emisebeni. Umthamo 300 rad, okuholela kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, ukuze lesi sifo aliholeli, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina. Acute emisebeni ukugula kungenzeka uma ethola isilinganiso esisodwa somuthi we rads 100.