"Umkhumbi Grove" Shishkin - imidwebo incazelo

Isikhova i-great landscape umdwebi Ivan Shishkin kuthatha indawo ekhethekile phakathi abaculi Russian. Akekho wabhala ngakho uwusekela nature enhle futhi okwangempela, uyakwazi inala uthando nomphefumulo umkhiqizo ancintisane iyiphi nelineni romantic.

Cishe lonke ulwazi ngezinsalela zeminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi ngomfanekiso ezweni bomdabu is owawusekelwe canvas "Umkhumbi Grove". Shishkin wakwazi dlulisa elikhanyayo ihlathi ehlobo nokuzola sibonga Iphalethi yayo ocebile imibala.

Russian Landscape Painting

I-Russian landscape imidwebo yaqala ukubonakala ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII; phakathi namaphayona uhlobo babe S. Shchedrin no-Aleksandru Venetsianov. I izici eziyinhloko the namathafa wokuqala Russian babe classicism futhi okwangempela ubunjalo okuvezwayo.

Esikhathini landscape XIX leminyaka njengendlela uhlobo ezobuciko iye yatha- okungavamile phakathi abaculi Russian, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umphakathi. Le nkathi wayazi abantu abaningi abavelele landscape abadwebi ezifana Levitan, Lagorio, Aivazovsky, Vasilyev nezinye abaculi Wanderers. Nokho, endaweni ekhethekile landscape Russian imidwebo, kanye izinhliziyo umphakathi, kuthatha Ivan Shishkin. Ukuqashelwa yenengi umdwebi etholakele izinhlobo nedlelo Petersburg, futhi canvas "Umkhumbi Grove" Shishkin yaphela umsebenzi wakhe.

Biography umdwebi

Shishkin kubhekwa bomdabu umculi isiRashiya, hhayi kuphela ngoba landscape ukudlula noma iyiphi enye, wayekwazi ziveza ubunjalo izwe lazo lendabuko, kodwa futhi ngoba wamthanda ngaphezu kwanoma yini ekhona emhlabeni. Okuxakayo ukuthi isihloko academician alethwe Shishkin indalo "eduze Dusseldorf Buka".

Shishkin wazalwa edolobheni Elabuga, futhi ngakhulela emkhayeni bathengisi. Ukulahla esikoleni, Ivan abasha Shishkin wangena School BaseMoscow Painting kanye kokuphothula nge-honours, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Imperial Academy of Arts. Ukuze kokufaneleka kanye ukuhlukanisa phakathi izifundo zakhe Shishkin ithole ilungelo phesheya ngezithukuthuku Academy.

Wachitha iminyaka eminingi e Munich, Zurich, Geneva bese ku Dusseldorf, lapho afundela khona ubuqili benganqotshwanga ke uhlobo isilwane futhi wabhala amaphepha umncintiswano isihloko academician. Shishkin wachitha phesheya iminyaka engu-5, kusukela 1861 kuya 1866, futhi, ukuzitholela ezweni lakubo, wabuyela eRussia ngaphambi kokuphela scholarship zabo bese akuvamile uhambo ngaphandle ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso.

Shishkin wayengomunye walaba Wanderers phakathi nemibukiso aphethwe partnership balithanda oqoshiwe. Ngo-1973, i-Imperial Academy of Ivan Shishkin ukhishwa isihloko Uprofesa yokudweba "Backwoods", futhi ngesikhathi esifushane umculi ephethwe landscape ishabhu Academy. I last Umdwebo ophelele landscape esikhulu "Umkhumbi Grove". Shishkin washona ngo studio lakhe, Iyizeli, ku elalimi ngendwangu elingenalutho.

namathafa Shishkin

Naphezu romantic imvelo namathafa zaveza Shishkin, emsebenzini wakhe akazami ukuzakhela "ngibala" ubunjalo, kunalokho - umbhali ubhala ke kuyini ngempela futhi umthanda kanjalo nje. Kuyinto lokhu uthando, ilukuluku nenhlonipho idlulisele imisebenzi siphelile futhi ubanikeza umoya Romanticism.

Ngisho emisebenzini bokuqala esiyitholayo ulwazi ezicashile amafomu isitshalo, izici balungise nezingxabano abanazo. imisebenzi Shishkin abheka SOMBHALO egcwele esiyingqayizivele ephezulu ubuchwepheshe nesithombe nokwethembeka. Ngisho ne obhekwe namathafa Levitan futhi Serov, Shishkin lalihlale ukuhlonishwa Russian landscape.

Umdwebo umlando

Phakathi umsebenzi kunzima kakhulu ivelele isithombe Shishkin "Umkhumbi Grove" - wokugcina, cishe befa Indwangu mculi. Abagxeki abaningi-mlando bakubize ngokuthi "ayesebenza" "ehlathini", hhayi kuphela ngenxa zikaphayini esithombeni ngqo, kodwa ngenxa ngaphezulu yokuthi esithombeni sakhe sokugcina Shishkin esetshenziswa kahle iminyaka engu-40 isipiliyoni kanye uchwepheshe draftsman kwezimila.

Ukudweba "Umkhumbi Grove" Shishkin wabhala ngonyaka sokufa kwakhe, futhi amelwe esigabeni sokugcina ikusasa lakhe ebholeni. Ku-useyile omkhulu umculi wanquma zibonisa ozithandayo pine ihlathi zabo - indaba ukuthi ngamunye isithombe yayo kwembulwa indlela entsha ukudlala imibala emisha kanye ayilokothi iyeke mangaza.

Ivan Shishkin, "Umkhumbi Grove": incazelo isithombe

On the ngendwangu okubonisa esinengekayo eduze Yelabuga - indawo bomdabu umdwebi. Ngo inothi nombhali isithombe sibonisa ukuthi "Afanasyevskaya umkhumbi Grove eduze Yelabuga". Lokhu ihlathi Shishkin wayejwayelene kusukela ebuntwaneni, futhi kubonakala esingokomfanekiso umbhali kusenzo ifilimu yakhe yakamuva.

Simple ngesakhiwo iphethini ivumela umbukeli lokumba ephelele inhlanganisela imibala kanye emkhathini jikelele ehlathini ehlobo, hhayi amahloni umoya nemvula. Okuqhubekayo engamashumi amane nakho ukutadisha isimo Russian wazibonakalisa yonke imithi futhi zonke ngomlilo eqedayo kukhonjisiwe esithombeni.

Umdwebo Iphalethi

Ihlathi ebenyezeliswa imisebe yelanga, wangcwatyelwa ezihlukahlukene imibala kanye shades, uncharacteristic ngaphambili Shishkin. Palette yale midwebo, ukubukisisa eduze, umxhwele abadwebi Impressionist ngengcebo yayo enkulu nokwehluka. Nokho Shishkin, nge umuzwa wakhe Ingxenye ayivumeli iphaneli ukuphula ubuhle bemvelo landscape, kodwa kunalokho isebenzisa umbala ukugcizelela ke.

Azure elixutshwe on ngendwangu nge shades Pinkish kwelanga ihlathi elimnyama imivimbo oluhlaza kanye onsomi-black izithunzi ejulile. Blue noma izindawo umbala ngokungagwegwesi okwesibhakabhaka iziqu zezihlahla zikaphayini ubude ukuphakamisa imidondoshiya mossy lasendulo, futhi ilanga-elihangukile onqenqemeni imifino uyakhumbula izintandokazi yobuhle umculi - Shishkin njalo ayethanda kwezihlakaniphile, cishe zibuthuntu charm ehlobo ehlathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia.

ukuhlaziywa enemininingwane

Isici nobuntu umculi landscape mdwebo ikhono lakhe njalo ukugcina imithi uze kuqala izethameli, kuyilapho sikuvumelanise ngemuva. Isithombe Shishkin "Umkhumbi Grove 'kufakazela umthetho.

Phambili kulesi sithombe kunesonto, phambi umbukeli uvezwa onqenqemeni libalele futhi ukusakaza ngamanzi sinombala enaleni yensimbi abasha zikaphayini edging ngemuva okuyinto avuke zikaphayini giant, wotha ilanga ehlobo, ogama umqhele ishiywa kuphela ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukuthi isibhakabhaka ehlobo.

"Umkhumbi Grove" Shishkin: yini izihlahla eziboniswe ku-canvas?

I lomculi nje ngokubhala le lwesimila kwezinkuni. Afanasiev umkhumbi Grove wayebuye isihloko komunye umfanekiso ezidumile - "Pine Ihlathi", okuyinto wabhala ngaphambili Shishkin. "Umkhumbi Grove" incazelo isithombe kanye nokuhlaziywa yayo etholakala kakhulu efana incazelo "ehlathini".

Painting ngaphandle isizathu ebizwa ngokuthi "Umkhumbi Grove" - zikaphayini, ababoniswe ke, akuyona evamile, futhi umkhumbi - yobudala engu-80 kuya ku-100 ubudala, amade futhi ukukhanya, kuze kube yingxenye imitha ububanzi. Amabhodi lezi izihlahla zikaphayini asetshenziselwa ukwakha imikhumbi nezingodo zokwakha nokubaza-iziqu babe insika kakhulu womkhumbi.

Kalula amaphethini itulo is savala izinto ezincane, into ngayinye zibonise ukwethembeka flora kanye nokujula futhi ukujula shades - ngoba bonke abaphatha umbukeli uyakuthanda kuka-Ivan Shishkin. "Umkhumbi Grove" ubhekwa sokudlondlobala omkhulu landscape umdwebi.