"Buka Toledo" by El Greco - omunye landscape zokuqala zaseYurophu

"Buka Toledo" - omunye ezidumile kakhulu yi-artist Spanish El Greco. Iwebhu uhlukile: ke ingenye lokusinda namathafa ezimbili wizadi. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVI art European landscape akubhekwa uhlobo ahlukene. Isithombe bemvelo kwakumane ngemuva. "Buka Toledo" ubizwa nangokuthi eside kubhekwe indaba emfushane noma ingxenye nezinye imidwebo ngu-El Greco, kodwa ekugcineni abacwaningi baye banquma ukuthi kuyinto sokusebenza ngokuzijamela.

ngembhali

El Greco wayengumGreki ngokuzalwa (kungakho isidlaliso), ongowokuzalwa saseKrethe. Wayesebenza ekuqa- namakhulu eminyaka XVI-XVII eSpain. umculi Ngasekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe bafundza isithonjana imidwebo, okuyinto kusobala kakhulu emisebenzini yakhe yonke. Ekhaya, wabhala imidwebo yakhe yokuqala - ". Kristu amehlo endoda eyimpumputhe" "I Annunciation", Eminyakeni 26, u-El Greco is kokusuka eKrethe futhi wathumela lokuqala e-Italy bese eSpain, enkonzweni iNkosi uPhilip II.

isitayela Iseluleki wathatha ijamo ekuseni kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi El Greco wafunda Umdwebo studio ka Titian, amasu nendlela yakhe yokuloba ehlukile ngesikhathi sako. Imisebenzi yakhe kukhona izibonelo best of Spanish Baroque. Naphezu kwayo, ngesikhathi impilo umculi Akaphindanga abalandeli nabalingisi.

Ukudweba "The Burial of Bala Orgaz" ngokushesha waletha udumo umculi. Waba yimpumelelo enkantolo umdwebi futhi wasebenza ekumeni kanye oda isimo kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila. ESpain, El Greco baphila futhi bafa eToledo. Lo muzi waba ngesineke omunye namathafa akhe amancane kakhulu.

Yobuciko isithombe ukuhlaziywa

Ngaphansi isibhakabhaka olunesivunguvungu on ngendwangu welulela nezakhiwo. Umdwebi lapha kunalokho alengayo ethathelwe nemvelo. Ingxenye yemali sigudluke indawo izakhiwo, abanye ukufunisela. Phambili kulesi sithombe kunesonto yiyona ibhuloho Alcantara. Entabeni ezinde esigodlweni, le Alcazar, and Toledo Cathedral. Eqinisweni emphilweni umbhoshongo isikhencezo Cathedral of icashe castle, kodwa umculi Wamphonsa kusukela emva kodonga. Ngakwesokunxele ungabona enqabeni San servando. Awukwazi ukukhuluma mayelana nokunemba enezithombe landscape, kodwa ithole igama "portrait ezingokomoya Toledo."

Isibukeli ubheka leli dolobha eliphansi, kungenzeka ukukhulisa emkhathizwe kanye olinganise thwi side, okuyizinto sici art El Greco sika. Umdwebo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: edolobheni namagquma oluhlaza, egcwele kumnandi ukukhanyisa, ezansi isibhakabhaka okukhulu olunesivunguvungu phezulu. Lokhu esibhakabhakeni kanye ukukhanyisa ayatholakala kweminye imidwebo umdwebi. Imibala egqamile futhi izibani kumnandi uslivayut imidwebo okukhulu "Buka Toledo". El Greco akusho ukubhala izakhiwo kanye landscape ngobuciko semephu, futhi imele izici isici kakhulu, umbono wabo ngalo muzi.

Umdwebo umlando

Ukudweba "Buka Toledo" akunakwenzeka ukuthi yalotshwa oda, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthatha omunye ucwaningo ye-master. Kuze kube sekupheleni Umdwebo XVII ekhulwini kwaba ukuqoqwa Count Spanish de Akover. Esikhathini XVIII futhi XIX eminyaka, cishe, ke wagcinwa esigodlweni sezindela Augustinian. Ngo-1907 kwathiwa zitholwa ngalendoda French Durand-Ruel, futhi kamuva wathuthela American Hevemayeru. Ekugcineni, kanye nalo lonke iqoqo yakhe "Buka Toledo" hit New York iMetropolitan Museum of Art.