Umgwaqo okhokhelwayo eMoscow - Petersburg. umzila M11

EMoscow umzila - Petersburg sekuyisikhathi eside into esemqoka, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngempela eminyene traffic Umthambo yezwe. ngaphezu konyaka owodwa amadoda EnguMbusi beat amakhanda abo ukuxazulula inkinga ka ngokweqile ukugeleza vehicular phakathi izihloko ezimbili Russia. Entsha toll road eMoscow - Petersburg ngukuqeda ngokuphelele le nkinga. Yebo, sisuke siqinisile ngezansi inqubo yokusetshenziswa kwesu lobuciko wokuvelela ukuxoxa.

I-M10 izinkinga onguthelawayeka

Phakathi emibili emadolobheni amakhulu sekuyisikhathi eside Russia wabeka backbone umzila Moscow - Petersburg (M10). Lo mgwaqo inomlando omude, kodwa, ngeshwa, it akakwazi ukubhekana ukugeleza traffic, okuyinto sidlule. ukunyakaza kakhulu okukhulu kulesi siqondiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi eside khona umgwaqo omkhulu isendleleni wakhula amadolobha eziningi, emizaneni, amadolobha, okuyinto kwehlisa amandla komgwaqo, njengasezulwini kwasezindaweni ngokuvumelana nemithetho imithetho yemigwaqo liyadingeka kakhulu ukunciphisa ijubane izimoto.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo umzila Petersburg - eMoscow ngenxa iminyaka eminingi emsebenzini wayo kudinga ukulungiswa njalo. Lokhu inkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuhamba notshwala enkulu yayo traffic.

Zonke lezi zici neqhaza yokuthi umzila Moscow - Petersburg igcwele kakhulu, kuphakeme kakhulu lezingozi, kanye ezindaweni eziningana ngokuvamile kwenzeka sezimoto kanye ukuminyana.

Izindlela ukuxazulula inkinga

Ukuze ukuxazulula izinkinga zamanje lobuholi wezwe baqala ukucabanga isikhathi eside. Eqinisweni, aphume isimo, kwakukhona amabili.

Eyokuqala labo laligqoke piecemeal. Sasiphathelene umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo ezinkulu M10 ekhona umzila nokwanda kwalo ngokungeza imizila eyengeziwe.

Indlela yesibili eyayigqoke olukhulu kakhulu. Wasikisela ukwakhiwa umzila omusha ngokuphelele, okuyinto kwaba okudambisa kakhulu emgwaqweni omkhulu i-M10 ubudala, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise ukuminyana traffic kuso izimoto ezingeni elemukelekile.

Yiqiniso, indlela yesibili ukuxazulula inkinga kuyabiza kakhulu, kodwa kusivumela ukuthi siyixazulule kakhulu, hhayi nje ukuze alondoloze isikhathi.

Lena yindlela umqondo wokwakha M11: Moscow - Petersburg.

Ukuthuthukiswa yephrojekthi umgwaqo

Ngokokuqala ngqá umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi umgwaqo omusha phakathi izindawo amakhulu yezwe ukubeka phambili uMongameli Russian Federation V. Putin in 2005. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwanqunywa Ministry of Transport ukuqala ukwakhiwa we-M11: Moscow - Petersburg.

imibhalo ezifanele nokuhlela izimali okudingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe umugqa icebo olulodwa yahunyushwa ngo kaMasingana ngonyaka ozayo. Kodwa kuphela ngo-2008 kwenziwa ithenda ukukhetha usonkontileka ukwakhiwa kwalesi siqephu. Kwakubonakala ukuba "North-West nerhasi Inkampani".

Ngalesi sikhathi, ngase ngikulungele ukuhlela ukwakhiwa lonke umzila. Izindleko elilinganisiwe imisebenzi ngesikhathi kwaba ruble 350 bhiliyoni, futhi bahlela ukuba ligcwaliswe ngokugcwele 2012.

onguthelawayeka okhokhelwayo

Yiqiniso, emva ukwakhiwa komgwaqo omusha, kubashayeli abaningi Ababehamba phambili endleleni endala, sanquma ukuthuthela elisha futhi zanamuhla - i-M11. Ngakho, ukuze manje lokhu onguthelawayeka yayiyobizwa kakhulu, futhi inkinga ngeke ixazululwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ukuze ukugeleza izimoto akuthunyelwa ngokugcwele ukuya emgwaqweni omkhulu omusha, kodwa kancane kuphela, ngaleyo ndlela ekunciphiseni onguthelawayeka ubudala.

Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuthi inkambo entsha kumele ikhokhwe. Road eMoscow - Petersburg - kokungenela kunalokho kuyabiza, ngakho izimali kumele kuqoqwa abashayeli ukuba sikhokhele, izosetshenziswa concessionaires esizayo nokukhokhela izindleko zabo samanje wokwakha.

Asebenza yokugibela ezomhlaba kusuka 2 kuya ku-2.5 deda. ikhilomitha ngalinye. Etincenyeni letehlukene intengo emgwaqweni zizohluka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga kuzoya ngohlobo imoto, isikhathi sosuku, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa emendweni eMoscow - Petersburg. Imali ephelele yale travel kwelinye direction, ngesicelo, esinye sezikhulu, ngeke isukela ruble 1,100 ukuze 1,200. Noma kunjalo, kokugcina ukunyakaza intengo kulo lonke line ayizange kumemezela okwamanje ngokusemthethweni.

izici Kobuchwepheshe ithrekhi

Ibanga eMoscow - St Petersburg kuyinto 634 amakhilomitha. Ngenxa yezizathu yemvelo, ngeke kube iqonde kahle. Ngakho-ke, yakhiwe toll road eMoscow - Petersburg uzoba ubude 684 km. Akukhona kangaka. Ukuze uqhathanise, ibanga eMoscow - Petersburg emgwaqeni omkhulu ekhona M10 ifinyelela 706 km.

Ububanzi umzila owodwa womgwaqo yomgwaqo kuyoba 3.5 m, futhi inani emapheshana ngokwabo ziyahlukahluka kusuka ezine kuya kweziyishumi. On ithrekhi ezinjalo zingase ukuthuthukisa Isivinini ephephile kuze 150 km / h.

umgwaqo inotiyela uhlobo - asphalt.

Kuyo yonke indlela kuba ukwakhiwa nalehleliwe izindawo amanzi emvula, kanye engadini eduze endaweni backbone.

umgwaqo ovulekile umzila

Njengo-M10 onguthelawayeka, toll road eMoscow - Petersburg ngeke libekwe phezu insimu ka Novgorod, Tver, eMoscow naseLeningrad izifunda. Ngaphakathi esifundeni eMoscow nobude bawo 90 km, Tverskaya Street - 253 km, Novgorod - 233 km kanye Leningrad - amakhilomitha 75. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzila emendweni siyodlula insimu ka Petersburg naseMoscow (ngokulandelana 32 no-19 km).

Esizoqala ezocatshangelwa onguthelawayeka Businovskaya zokuthutha e Moscow, futhi yebo - edolobheni Petersburg.

Inqubo ukwakhiwa

Ngo-2010, osonkontileka aseqalile ukuqondisa ukwakhiwa komgwaqo. Saqala ukusebenza uphawu onguthelawayeka eMoscow - Lokhu ingxenye wakhuphukela 58 km Petersburg, km 15..

Kodwa ngenxa imibhikisho kwemvelo, emsebenzini kwadingeka ukuba uyekwe. Bakhandwa uqalisiwe kuphela ekwindla ka-2011, okuyinto kakhulu sigudluke isikhathi yephrojekthi.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le nkampani isebenza kuzo zonke izindawo umzila esizayo. Ehlobo lika-2015, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha e Nizhny Novgorod naseLeningrad izifunda. kuyinto LLC "Magistral izihloko ezimbili" Inkontileka zokugcina. Lo mphakathi futhi concessionaire.

Ngo-November 2014 futhi kwavuleka ukusebenza kwesigaba sokuqala onguthelawayeka eMoscow - Petersburg, wedlula emzini Vishny Volochek. Kusukela ngehlobo lika-2015 ke selingenile ukuqoqa izimali kusuka abashayeli.

On kosuku lwanamuhla usuku eqinisekile kokuqedwa kuhlelelwe 2018. It is kuhlelwe ukuthi umzila kufanele bakulungele ngokugcwele ubuqhawe zomhlaba football ukuba khona eRussia.

Imali ephelele yale imisebenzi sihlelelwe ruble 152,8 bhiliyoni.

imibhikisho kwemvelo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, abahleli ukwakhiwa komgwaqo kwakudingeka abhekane nesimiso imibhikisho kwemvelo. Bakhandwa exhumene yokuthi ithrekhi obekumele ukuba kwenzeke ehlathini Khimki, sakhathala salokhu sinamathele kwawo izingxenye ezimbili zilingana. Ngokuba ukusebenza okugcwele emendweni kwadingeka ukuba kwenziwe le ukugawula izihlahla ezindaweni ihlathi ngalo eziyosebenza.

Lokhu kwabangela igagasi yentukuthelo izinhlangano eziningana kwemvelo. Cishe kusukela kuqale ukwakhiwa ngo-2010 laqala ukuqhuba imibhikisho. Kule ndaba, nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo kwadingeka ukuba igoqe okwesikhashana.

Kuphela 2011 umsebenzi wakwazi ukuqala futhi. Inani ihlathi Isikhwama sekunqunyiwe olungaba isinxephezelo ngu zokutshala izihlahla kwenye indawo.

mayelana "Zavidovo" esiqiwini njengoba kwakukhona ingxabano. Kodwa sase sihlala.

Iqiniso liwukuthi emva Ukwamukelwa uhlelo ukwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu, uMongameli Russian uVladimir Putin isikhipha umyalo owawuthi "Zavidovo" National Park wathola izindawo ezengeziwe, kuhlanganise nalezo okuyinto kwadingeka adlule khona umgwaqo omkhulu omusha. Ngokwemvelo, izinhlangano kwemvelo wathoma ukufuna njalo yokuthi ithrekhi washukumiseleka ukuba kwenye indawo. It weza waze waba phambi kule mibhikisho. Kodwa ukuhamba enjalo kusukela uhlelo wokuqala yayingacacile kwezomnotho inexpedient. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuba abeke endleleni endaweni lapho kuhlelwa, kanti kwepaki iziza kwenye indawo.

nemibono Jikelele

Injongo eyinhloko umendo kuyakhiwa M11 eMoscow - Petersburg - is ukudedela le-M10 umgwaqo ovulekile ekhona nabaletha amazinga traffic umzila ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Isisusa olwengeziwe aphothulwe ekuqaleni komsebenzi iyona World Cup, okuyinto ihlelelwe 2018 eRussia. Ngu ngosuku olufanayo okuhleliwe ukuqedela ukulethwa umgwaqo ovulekile entsha ukusebenza.

Ngakho, amaRashiya futhi izimenywa wezwe lakithi, kuyodingeka umugqa omusha yesimanje ngesivinini. Kuyoba lula ukufinyelela ijubane 150 km / h. Ukuze uqhathanise, i-M10 umgwaqo ovulekile ekhona isivinini km 90 kuphela / h, kanti ngempela ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha ukunyakaza kuso edolobheni ngenxa isiminyaminya imayelana 10 kuphela km / h. Yiqiniso, abanjalo akwamukeleki.

Umgwaqo omusha emva yethula enkonzweni uthembisa ukuxazulula eziningi izinkinga ezihambisana nalo ukunyakaza emzileni eMoscow - Petersburg emuva.