Ukusetshenziswa amandla elanga Emhlabeni. Amathemba ukusetshenziswa amandla elanga emhlabeni

Kuze kube manje, inkinga energy ukusetshenziswa kubiza ngokucijile ngokwanele - imithombo kule planethi akuzona obungapheli, futhi engakabi kwawo isintu kuhle ezibhuqiwe babe epha ngokwemvelo. Okwamanje, ngenkuthalo eyenziwa nowoyela izinqolobane okuyinto nsuku zonke ayabaluleka ezincane. Amandla ukucabanga uye wavumela isintu ukuba sizame ukwenza isinyathelo Amazing esikhathini esizayo futhi zisebenzisa amandla enuzi, ngokuletha nalo ingozi enkulu ngokuba okuhle kwezwe lonke imvelo.

Ayikho ngaphansi ophuthumayo umbuzo Environmental - asebenzayo izimayini izinsiza kanye nokusetshenziswa yabo ukuqhubeka kuyingozi isimo le planethi, beshintsha hhayi kuphela uhlobo umhlabathi, ngisho izimo zezulu.

Yingakho ukunakekela okukhethekile njalo ekhokhelwe imithombo yemvelo amandla, ngakho, isibonelo, njengoba umoya noma amanzi. Ekugcineni, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka ucwaningo asebenzayo nokuthuthukiswa kwesintu "ukuvuthwa" ukuze ukusetshenziswa amandla elanga emhlabeni. Yilokho ngakho futhi uzoqhubeka ke.

Kulesi ezikhangayo

Ngaphambi kokuthi udlulele izibonelo ezishaya emhloleni zendlela azisebenzisa, ukuthola ukuthi kunani ngakho ezithandela lolu hlobo ukukhiqizwa energy labacwaningi emhlabeni wonke. fa Its main kungenziwa ngokuthi ongashi. Naphezu imicabango eminingi, ematfuba ukuthi inkanyezi efana Sun uyophuma ngokushesha, incane kakhulu. Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuba isintu wathola ithuba ukuthola amandla ugezekile ngendlela ejwayelekile.

Eyesibili inzuzo ezisobala solar energy ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni lo inketho imvelo. Umthelela emvelweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo kuyoba zero, nakho inikeza izwe lapho ikusasa elingcono kunaleyo evuleka uma ukukhiqizwa njalo kungagcini komhlaba imithombo.

Ekugcineni, kufanele silinake ngokungathí ekhethekile yokuthi ukusetshenziswa amandla elanga ingozi okungenani kumuntu.

Empeleni

Manje-ke sifika iphuzu. Kwezinye igama esankondlo "amandla elanga" lifihle eqinisweni ukuguqula emisebeni ku ugesi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe ngokukhethekile. Le nqubo ibizwa olunikezwa amaseli photovoltaic, okuyinto isintu iye yaba wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kakhulu izinjongo zabo, futhi ngempela ngempumelelo.

emisebeni yelanga

Kwenzeka isimanga ngokomlando ukuthi ibizo elithi "emisebeni" ungumuntu izinhlangano elibi kakhulu ukwedlula omuhle ngokuqondene nalabo izinhlekelele elenziwe ngumuntu bakwazile ukusinda emhlabeni esikhathini sakhe. Noma kunjalo, ubuchwepheshe kuyinto ukusetshenziswa amandla weLanga uMhlaba inikeza umsebenzi naso sasinaye.

Ngokuyisisekelo, lolu hlobo emisebeni eyingozi kuba sezingeni emisebeni kagesi, okuyinto Ibanga phakathi microns 2.8 kuya 3.0.

Ngakho wasebenzisa ngempumelelo yisintu spectrum elanga empeleni ezintathu izinhlobo amagagasi: UV (mayelana 2%), cishe 49% ayigagasi ukukhanya, futhi ekugcineni, esilinganayo zaba amaza okushisa. Ugesi wemisebe yelanga yiwona has a esincane nezinye izingxenye, kodwa indima yabo incane kangangokuba eyangithinta ngokukhethekile ekwenzeni ngcono izimpilo abanakho umhlaba.

Inani amandla elanga falling emhlabeni

Manje, lapho Ukwakheka isetshenziselwa kuzuze isintu spectrum kunqunywa, kufanele kuphawulwe esinye isici esibalulekile umtfombolusito. Ukusetshenziswa amandla elanga eMhlabeni kubonakala ethembisa kakhulu futhi ngoba iyatholakala eziningi kahle esikhulu cishe izindleko aphansi kakhulu kabusha. Ubude amandla Babechichima inkanyezi likhulu kakhulu, Nokho, luyakhula ebusweni Umhlaba mayelana 47%, okulingana kilowatt-amahora ayisikhombisa namashumi quadrillion. Ukuze uqhathanise, siphawula ukuthi-hora kilowatt kuphela umuntu ozokwazi ukunikeza eyishumi kwamandla amalambu e eyikhulu namashumi Watts.

Amandla emisebeni yelanga ukusetshenziswa amandla emhlabeni Yiqiniso, kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana: izimo zezulu, engela kwesifo imisebe phezu, inkathi kanye indawo.

Lapho futhi kungakanani

Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi inani nsuku amandla elanga efinyelela surface eMhlabeni sihlala sishintsha, njengoba encike ngqo kwi isikhundla amaplanethi nokuma kwelanga futhi ukunyakaza inkanyezi. Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi ukukhanya ntambama ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyilapho ekuseni nakusihlwa, inani imisebe ukufinyelela kwamanzi lincane kakhulu.

Ngokukhulu ukuzethemba singasho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa amandla elanga kuyoba ukuyedlula ezindaweni, njengoba eduze band bhé, ngoba kulapho lapho kutholakala khona umehluko phakathi abafumana futhi aphansi incane, okubonisa ukuthi lemali emisebeni ukufinyelela kwamanzi kule planethi. Ngokwesibonelo, ensimini ka ezindaweni awugwadule Afrika nomtamo emisebeni ifinyelela i isilinganiso 2200 kilowatt-amahora, kanti eCanada noma, isibonelo, izibalo engaphansi kuka 1,000 kilowatt-amahora eYurophu Ephakathi.

Ugesi wemisebe yelanga yiwona emlandweni

Uma ucabanga njengoba ngobubanzi ngangokunokwenzeka, azame "yokulawula" inkanyiso enkulu, ukufudumala iplanethi yethu, waqala endulo ezikhathini abangamaqaba, lapho element ngayinye liye komculo unkulunkulu ehlukile. Kodwa-ke, ngisho noma inkulumo alikwazanga ekusetshenzisweni amandla elanga - emhlabeni umlingo wabusa.

Isihloko ukusetshenziswa amandla elanga emhlabeni sesibe ngenkuthalo ephakanyiswe kuphela XIV ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ukufohla yangempela isayensi senziwe 1839 ngu-Alexander ngaleyo Edmond Becquerel, ngubani wakwazi ukuba iphayona ngomphumela photovoltaic. Ucwaningo kulesi sihloko ikhuphuke kakhulu, futhi uNkulnkulu 44 kamuva Charlz Fritts wakwazi ukwakha kuqala module umlando, eyayisekelwe a selenium zegolide. Ukusetshenziswa okunjalo amandla elanga emhlabeni wanikeza inani elincane ugesi sikhululiwe - isamba isikhathi ukukhiqizwa Kwakungekhona ngaphezu 1%. Noma kunjalo, kuso sonke isintu kwaba intuthuko yangempela, ukuvula HORIZONS entsha isayensi, elingazange baye ngisho ngiphuphe ngaphambili.

neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni amandla elanga, owethulwa ngesikhathi u-Albert Einstein yena. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, igama usosayensi kaningi elihlobene ne bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe edumile wokuhlobana kwezinto, kodwa eqinisweni uMklomelo KaNobel yena yanikezelwa ke isifundo of photoemission.

Ukuze okwamanje usuku ubuchwepheshe solar energy ukusetshenziswa emhlabeni isimo abhekene naso kuyanda meteoric, akusona kancane sincipha ngokushesha, kodwa lokhu legatsha yolwazi njalo olusha kanye amaqiniso amasha, futhi kunethemba lokuthi esikhathini esizayo phambi kwethu kuvuleke umnyango ukuze izinto ezintsha.

Nature ngokumelene nathi

On izinzuzo ukusetshenziswa amandla elanga emhlabeni, siye kakade okukhulunywa. Manje banake ukushiyeka le ndlela, okuyinto, ngeshwa, akukho kancane.

Ngenxa ukwencika ngokuqondile indawo, isimo sezulu kanye ukuhamba kwelanga ukuthuthukisa amandla elanga eziningi ezanele ke kudinga izindleko omkhulu indawo. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi mkhulu ukusetshenziswa endaweni nokucubungula emisebeni yelanga, aba maningi ubungako bamandla ahlanzekile sithola ophumayo. Ukubekwa kohlelo enjalo izinhlelo omkhulu zidinga semali yesikhala samahhala, elibangela ubunzima obuthile.

Enye inkinga ehlobene nokusetshenziswa amandla elanga emhlabeni, kuyinto encike ngqo kwi isikhathi sosuku, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kuyoba zero ebusuku, futhi ekuseni nakusihlwa njalo, akabe abangelutho.

An eyengeziwe eyingozi isimo sezulu uqobo - ushintsho elibukhali izimo kungaba nomphumela ongemuhle ekusebenzeni isimiso esinjalo, ngoba okungadala ubunzima e iphutha amandla adingekayo. Ngomqondo othile, isimo kushintsha we ukumuncwa kanye nenani isizukulwane kungaba yingozi.

Hlanza, kodwa ezibizayo

Ukusetshenziswa amandla elanga Emhlabeni kunzima okwamanje ngenxa yokubiza yaso ephezulu. amaseli photovoltaic, adingekayo ukuze ukuqaliswa izinqubo eziyisisekelo abe eziphezulu. Yiqiniso, lapho ukhuluma ngezici ezinhle ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanjalo akhokhe off, kodwa kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono okwamanje akukhona ukukhuluma umnyuziki ngezindleko yokutakula izindleko.

Nokho, njengoba kuboniswa umkhuba, intengo nama-solar lehla kancane kancane, ukuze nge kwesikhathi inkinga ingaxazululwa ngokuphelele.

Ububi inqubo

Ukusebenzisa ilanga njengoba umthombo energy yilona nobunzima futhi ngoba le ndlela lokucubungula imithombo kudla isikhathi futhi esingesihle ngempela. Ukusetshenziswa nokucubungula emisebeni eyingozi kuba sezingeni encike ngqo kwi ubumsulwa amapuleti, okunikeza ngempela eziyinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i nomthelela ongemuhle ngokwedlulele inqubo kanye izakhi Ukushisa, okuyinto ingavinjelwa kuphela ukusetshenziswa lwaluyophola uhlelo elinamandla ukuthi aludingi izindleko ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, futhi eside.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapuleti elisetshenziswa-solar, ngemva kweminyaka engu-30 yomsebenzi asebenzayo kancane kancane ingene labhidlika, njengoba izindleko nama-solar esishiwo ngaphambili.

ezemvelo

It okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni, ukuthi ukusetshenziswa lolu hlobo isisetshenziswa ungagcina isintu izinkinga ngokwanele ezinkulu emvelweni esikhathini esizayo. Inventory omthombo umkhiqizo wokugcina ngempela Isizalo ihlanzekile kakhulu.

Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa amandla elanga,-solar isimiso ukusebenza ukusebenzisa amapuleti obukhethekile nama-solar, esidingeka womshini mass izinto elimazayo njengoba nomthofu, i-arsenic noma potassium. Ukusebenzisa kwabo kakhulu imvelo akusho, Nokho ukuletha, unikezwa isikhathi esilinganiselwe ukusebenza kwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amapuleti kulahlwa kungaba inkinga engathí sina.

Ukuze ubeke umkhawulo nemiphumela emibi imvelo abakhiqizi bathuthela mncane ifilimu amapuleti, ezithinta eziphansi nomphumela kancane yingozi imvelo.

Izindlela yokuguqula amandla emisebeni

Ama-movie ne-izincwadi ngekusasa lesintu cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi uyosinika isithombe efanayo yenqubo, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, kungenzeka ezihluke kakhulu qiniso. Kunezindlela eziningana ukuguqula.

Okuvame kakhulu angase abizwe ngokuthi ukusebenza echazwe ngaphambilini we photocells.

Kungenjalo abantu ngenkuthalo lisebenzisa energy ezishisayo solar, esekelwe ekhethekile Ukushisa evele, elivumela isiqondiso esifanele lapho izinga lokushisa etholwe Ukushisa amanzi. Uma lula inqubo ngangokunokwenzeka, ke ingafaniswa amathangi, ezisetshenziswa for eshaweni ehlobo emizini ezizimele.

Enye indlela yokusebenzisa amandla emisebe ye-ukuze ukhiqize "ukuhamba solar", ezingasetshenziswa kuphela senze a cleaner. Lolu hlobo uhlelo iguqula emisebeni ku energy kinetic.

Inkinga yokungabi ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi ibhaluni ebusuku ingxenye ixazululwe solar izitshalo amandla, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ngenxa ekuqongeleleni amandla ezikhishwe nobude inqubo indlu.

Thina namandla elanga

amandla umnotho ilanga nomoya eMhlabeni zisetshenziswa ngempela ngenkuthalo, yize ngokuvamile esingasoze bakuqaphele. okukhulunywe ngaphambilini inhlamba Ukushisa kwamanzi eshaweni ehlobo. Eqinisweni, iningi amandla elanga isetshenziswa ngalezi zinhloso. Noma kunjalo, kukhona inala ezinye izibonelo: cishe kuwo wonke esitolo ukukhanyisa ubuchwepheshe zingatholakala ukonga ama-globe kagesi, okungase isebenze ngaphandle zamanje kagesi ngisho ebusuku ngenxa amandla ekuthole emini.

based photovoltaic ukufaka kabanzi eziteshini ukudonsa ahlukahlukene, futhi ukupholisa izinhlelo.

Izolo, namuhla, kusasa

Omunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu ngesintu - amandla elanga, kanye namathemba ukusetshenziswa kwaso kuphezulu kakhulu. Imboni ngenkuthalo uxhaso, enwetshiwe ngcono. Manje amandla elanga the amaningi asethuthukile e-United States, lapho ezinye izifunda uyisebenzisa njengendlela umthombo agcwele okunye ukunikezela. Amandla efanayo lolu hlobo umsebenzi lo Mojave Ugwadule. Sekuyisikhathi eside Amanye amazwe ukusetha Yiqiniso kwalolu hlobo ugesi ukuthi ngokushesha bangase ukuxazulula inkinga nokungcola.