Ukungasebenzi kwezinso: izimpawu ezingabantu. Izimbangela, ukwelashwa, ukudla ngoba nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso

Esingamahlalakhona kwezinso - lena ukugula eziyingozi, umphumela okuyinto ukuphazamiseka umzimba. Ngokwezibalo yezokwelapha, zokugula okwamanje kuthinta cishe 3% wesibalo sabantu. Minyaka yonke, lezi zibalo lenyuka exponentially. Izifo ngokulinganayo ihlasela abesilisa nabesifazane futhi amadoda. Ukugula akusho anqikaze izingane ngisho encane. Lesi sihloko sizosisiza ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi yini izimpawu ahambisana ukwehluleka kwezinso ezingabantu, Siyini ngempela lesi sifo, indlela yokuphatha kulo.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Izinso emzimbeni womuntu zidlala indima ebalulekile. Bona njalo ukukhiqiza umchamo, kamuva kususa izinto eziyingozi. isakhiwo isihlungi enjalo inikeza nokugcinwa ibhalansi ezimbili zilingana: amanzi-usawoti kanye acid-base. Esingamahlalakhona kwezinso - lena isimo esiyingozi libhekene ukulahlekelwa okukhulu nephron amaseli. Ngemva kwalokho umzimba ulahlekelwa ikhono ukwakha secrete umchamo. Lesi sifo is phetho acute umonakalo isitho izicubu, ngakho eba ngokuzumayo. Ngokucijile encishisiwe inani umchamo ekhiqizwa, ngezinye izikhathi kuba lingekho ngokuphelele. Kubalulekile ngesikhathi esifanele ukubona izimpawu ze-nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso ezingabantu, ukugwema ukubonakala ngenxa yezinkinga. I ngaphambili udokotela ekwelapheni ezibekiwe, le amathuba yokutakula kangcono.

Isizathu esikhulu lesi sifo

ukwehluleka kwezinso has izinhlobo ezimbili: oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela ukuhlukanisa izinto ungalokothi uphuze isifo. Phakathi kwezimbangela version acute lesi sifo ezivamile yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukudla adakwe utshwala, izidakamizwa.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwezinso ukugeleza kwegazi.
• ubunjalo ezithathelwanayo lesi sifo.
• Ukulimala noma ukususwa izinso wesinye isizwe.
• Ukuvaleka ngomgudu womchamo.

Okungalapheki ukwehluleka kwezinso ezingabantu, izizathu zazo bengafani ifomu acute lesi sifo eba kancane kancane. Ngokuvamile zandulelwa zokugula ezibucayi yangaphakathi isitho izinhlelo. Kungenzeka sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, nephropathy azalwa naso, pyelonephritis noma omzimba izicubu erythematosus. Noma yimaphi kula izifo ezidinga nokuqapha okuqhubekayo okwenziwa udokotela. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa nezincomo zayo futhi izabelo kungavimbela okuvela ukwehluleka kwezinso.

Kanjani lesi sifo?

Ukuthuthukisa inqubo sokugembula kanye nethonya layo izimbangela izimpawu nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso ezingabantu. Ekuqaleni, isiguli siqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi uketshezi emzimbeni ubonakala ngendlela engavamile. Ukuchama kungase kuhambisane ubuhlungu nokuhlukumezeka. Owesilisa iqala kwesizathu ulahlekelwe isisindo, isikhumba babe ophuzi. Ukungakuthandi ukudla, isicanucanu nokuhlanza ngemuva kokudla. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ngokucacile waphawula igazi. Isithombe efanayo sokucindezeleka nobuntu isifo efana ukwehluleka kwezinso. Izimpawu ezingabantu ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu ifomu zesifo - oyingozi noma ezingamahlalakhona. Okulandelayo, hlola esimweni ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe.

abukhali ukuze

Lesi sifo kubonakala kulesi simo, ukwehla elibukhali inani umchamo noma ukunqanyulwa ephelele kususwe emzimbeni. Kancane kancane ezikhulayo izimpawu zokudakwa: ukungakuthandi ukudla, ukuqunjelwa, inyuka isibindi ngaphansi kwethonya ubuthi. ukungasebenzi kwezinso kuhambisana ukubukeka ukuvuvukala ethize ngaphansi kwamehlo.

Isithombe basemtholampilo ifomu acute lesi sifo eba ukulandelana elandelayo:

• Isigaba sokuqala. Izimpawu zesifo ngenxa imbangela yayo eyinhloko. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zokudakwa avele: isikhumba ugodo, isiguli njalo ogulayo. Isikhathi salesi sigaba zingahluka. Kwezinye iziguli lesi ukugula siqala ukuvela amahora ambalwa ngemva kokufa nephrons, abanye - emva kwezinsuku 2-3.
• Eyesibili esiteji. Kulesi sigaba, inani ukudedelwa umchamo is ngqo ziyancipha, ngakho awokuthi ukufa. Igazi kancane kancane aqoqana urea, kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-amaprotheni umzimba. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ukuhlukumeza okunjalo kuba khona ukuvuvukala ezinzima. Umzimba uqala ubuthi yedwa. Yikuphi esigabeni sesibili inezimpawu ngenxa yezinso? In amadoda, kukhona ukucobeka, ukozela, mhlawumbe ukukhungatheka ngezinsimbi zesihlalo. Isici ehola lesi sifo kubhekwa ukwandisa nitrogen nemingcele igazi.
• Isigaba sesithathu. Kulesi sigaba, umchamo okukhipha kancane kancane ukubuyela esimweni esivamile, kodwa izimpawu Namanje balondolozwa. ikhono lomzimba ukuba agxilise umchamo okukhipha futhi imikhiqizo umzimba walulama. Lung umsebenzi, inhliziyo futhi uhlelo emathunjini nazo ayibhampise emuva. Ukuvuvukala amuke, imilenze pasty. Isikhathi salesi sigaba imayelana 14 days.
• Isigaba sesine. Kancane kancane liyancipha ukwehluleka kwezinso. Izimpawu ezingabantu zinyamalale ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuze yokutakula yokugcina sidinga ezinyangeni ezintathu.

Lapho izinkomba ukwehluleka oyingozi so-renal, kubalulekile ukuba ngokushesha abangele nethimba lodokotela bakhe abasebenzi. Zonke izilinganiso elandelayo imithi eyenziwa endaweni esibhedlela.

inqubo okungamahlalakhona

Ifomu ezingamahlalakhona lesi sifo libhekene ndima ezifihliwe. Ekuqaleni, isiguli uyalibona Ukuwohloka impilo. Ngokushesha ukhathele, ukungakuthandi ukudla, ubuhlungu bekhanda. Isikhumba iba ezomile futhi imisipha ziphelelwe yisimo sazo. Isiguli njalo ogulayo, ukhathazwa neziqubu kaningi nokuquleka. Ngezandla, iinyawo ubuso evuvukele kanzima. Izimpawu ezingamahlalakhona ukwehluleka kwezinso ezingabantu liyakhula kancane kancane. Wesikhumba ophuzi, futhi uvele izilonda emlonyeni. Isiguli bangase bahlupheke sohudo ukubuyisa eqinile. Iphunga umchamo uqale ukuzizwa kubantu ababezizungezile. Parallel inhliziyo iphazamiseke futhi izinhlelo zokuphefumula. Kusukela inqubo sokugembula uhlushwa omzimba.

ukwelashwa okulondoloza ikuvumela ukuba alondoloze ukusebenza egcwele izitho ukwaba. Nokho, okwandisa ukucindezeleka / ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzwelo ngokomzimba, ukungayinaki Ukudla enqunyiwe, ukuphuza imodi okungalungile - zonke lezi zici kungabangela Ukuwohloka nesineke.

izindlela ukuxilongwa

Ukuze ugweme yezinkinga sifo kubalulekile akubheke, ukucacisa izimbangela. ngihlolwa isiguli iqala ukuqoqwa umlando emtholampilo. Udokotela udinga ukwazi isikhathi esingakanani sekube izimpawu nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso. Abesilisa nomunye izinso isithombe emtholampilo akahlukile ukuthi iziguli ngegunya eligcwele (kokubili izinso). Kuphoqelekile ukufunda isimo uhlelo urinary. ukuhlola Comprehensive zihlanganisa ultrasound, igazi chemistry ukuhlolwa umchamo, X-ray, CT. Early luhlolo olunzulu umzimba kwenza ukusheshe welashwe futhi kuvimbele ukwedlulela isifo kwifomu ezingamahlalakhona.

I esiyingozi zokugula?

ukwehluleka kwezinso ezingabantu, ukwelashwa kanye ukuhlola ukuthi sezenziwe ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, kungenziwa ephelezelwa ukuxakeka. Umzimba kancane kancane iyeke ukusebenza, okuyinto igcwele ukudakwa imikhiqizo umzimba umzimba. Kuthathwa inkinga ezingemnandi kwezinso constriction semithambo. Lokhu zokugula kubhekwa njengento esigabeni yokugcina ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo, eliphumela ekuqongeleleni sodium emzimbeni.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa ifomu acute lesi sifo

Esingamahlalakhona kwezinso - lesi sifo esiyingozi okudinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Ezigabeni zokuqala yokwelapha kuyehla kube ukuqeda izimbangela ezingokwenhlalo lesi sifo, ekubuyiseleni homeostasis ziphazamiseke imisebenzi uhlelo. Kuye isimo lesiguli kungadinga:

• elwa;
• ukwelashwa ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini (dialysis, ukumnika of nosawoti izixazululo);
• libuyisele okusamanzi (ukumpontshelwa igazi lokunye);
• ejenti hormone.

Lapho sitholakele "nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso" ezingabantu ukwelashwa kanye umthamo izidakamizwa ukukhethela uchwepheshe. Ukuze ekususeni nitrogen imikhiqizo imfucuza futhi ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga hemosorption, plasmapheresis, hemodialysis. Ukuze kulesetayelekile diuresis, izidakamizwa isisu esetshenziswa ( "Furosemide"). Kuye uhlobo ukwephulwa yamanzi-electrolyte ibhalansi iqondiswa izixazululo nosawoti-calcium, i-sodium ne-potassium.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa inqubo okungamahlalakhona

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa ezingamahlalakhona kwezinso ukwehluleka inketho kuhilela yokuchayeka imbangela ecashile lesi sifo, nokugcinwa imisebenzi lezitho ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini ukwelashwa. Ezigabeni zokuqala umgomo oyinhloko kwelashwa ukubambezela ukuqhubeka inqubo sokugembula. Lapho umfutho wegazi ophakeme isetshenziswa izidakamizwa antihypertensive. Uma imbangela enkulu yokuqothulwa kwehlathi nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso abacathama isifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, ebekiwe hormone glucocorticoid futhi cytostatics. Lapho izinguquko yokwakheka ekusebenzeni kwenziwe uhlelo excretory ngokuthuthukisa patency ka ngomgudu womchamo noma ukhipha calculus.

Ngokumelene okwenza yokwelapha okuqhubekayo okusafanele udambise nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso ezingabantu. Kanjani kanjani lesi sifo, kunqunywa udokotela. Ngokwesibonelo, izidakamizwa isisu asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Ngo igazi kakhulu, linqume Vitamin izakhiwo nensimbi Izithako.

Ezigabeni yokugcina isiguli udluliselwa hemodialysis unomphela. I nqubo yaphindaphindwa zonke izinsuku ezingu-14. Esikhundleni hemodialysis kuyinto izinso ukufakelwa. Nakuba kokuba kahle ibekezelelwe nokuhlinzwa yimpumelelo, isiguli ithuba yokutakula futhi ukubuya ukuphila ajwayelekile.

Izimiso yokwelapha Ukudla

Siye ubesemtshelile yini kwezinso izimpawu ukwehluleka ezingabantu. Ukudla kule isifo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa. Iziguli belulekwa ukuba banamathele ukuphakela ongaphakeme-amaprotheni ingxenye. Ukushintsha indlela adla engabambezela ukuthuthukiswa inqubo sokugembula nokwehlisa umthwalo izinso. Ukudla yokwelapha ihlanganisa izimiso eziningana:

1. Linganisa amaprotheni eyanele kuya 65 g ngosuku.
2. Ukwandisa amandla caloric ngenxa ukwanda ekudleni ukudla carbohydrate.
3. Ukugcizelela main kufanele libekwe izithelo nemifino. Kubalulekile ukucabangela okuqukethwe amavithamini, usawoti kanye amaprotheni ingxenye.

Kuyadingeka ukuba sihlale njalo siqaphele ivolumu ukusetshenziswa kanye okukhipha ketshezi. Lokhu ipharamitha ingabalwa by ifomula: inombolo ekhethiwe umchamo ngosuku + 800 ml. Kufanele ikhumbule zonke ketshezi (isobho, okusanhlamvu, iziphuzo, izithelo, imifino). Ukungabikho edema evelele futhi agcinwe amanzi ibhalansi ukuvumela nesineke ukuze uthole 6 amagremu kasawoti ngelanga.

izinyathelo

Indlela yokuvimbela nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso? Isinyathelo sokuqala lapho ebona izinkomba kanye icebo ukuthatha imithi. Kufanele ukulahla imikhiqizo nephrotoxic, ezihlanganisa notshwala ngokwesivumelwano nezidakamizwa. Kubalulekile ukwelapha izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye ukuvuvukala kohlelo urinary.

Ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa isifo kwifomu okungamahlalakhona, kufanele wazi ukuthi yini izimpawu nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso. In amadoda, lesi sifo livezwa nezinkinga nge ukuchama, futhi umkhuhlane. Lapho lezi zinkinga kumele bafune usizo umuntu onekhono.

isiphetho

ukuhlonza Esifike Ngesikhathi izimbangela nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso, uphethwe abanekhono futhi ukwelashwa okufanele uyosindisa impilo yesiguli. Ifomu acute lesi sifo has a Izibikezelo ezinhle uma isiguli kulandela yonke imiyalelo kadokotela bese ugcine ukudla. Phakathi amathuba njalo yokutakula incike isigaba ohlelweni sokugembula. Endabeni izinso umnyuziki isinxephezelo Izibikezelo ukuphila sisihle. Ngo esigabeni ukuphela eyodwa kuphela, uvumela ukuze ulondoloze impilo, kuyinto zelashwe njalo noma isitho ukufakelwa.