Ukukhulelwa ne-HIV: amathuba okuba ingane enempilo

Ukukhulelwa - kuyinto izikhathi ezimangalisayo, kuba amaphupho namaphupho, kuba injabulo yangempela, ikakhulukazi uma kuyisikhathi eside elindelwe. umama okhulelwe wenza amacebo kanjani ukuphila kwakhe ngokuzalwa imvuthu. Futhi phakathi kwakho konke lokhu, sengathi esingu at uhla close, ungakwazi hit uphethwe - HIV. Umuzwa wokuqala - ukwethuka. Life is ebhidlikayo, zonke ibheke phansi, kodwa kudingeka sithole amandla ukuba sime, sicabange kahle. Ukukhulelwa ne-HIV - akuyona isigwebo sentambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uqale uqinisekise indlela enokwethenjelwa yikona.

Kungcono ngasekupheleni kuka ngisho kamuva

Ngempela, abesifazane abaningi akucaci ukuthi kungani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sonke isikhathi kufanele ihlolwe ukuze ezihlukahlukene nezifo. Phela, basuke babe umkhaya ojabulayo, futhi nabo lokhu nje ngeke kwenzeke. Eqinisweni, ukukhulelwa kanye ne-HIV ngokuvamile kuyahambisana. Vele-ke lesi sifo omshoshaphansi kakhulu, kungaba engabonakali ngokuphelele iminyaka eyishumi kuya. Ngisho noma entanyeni has a pair of seal (zamanzi), kungaba kungaqashelwa. Kwezinye izimo, ungase kancane ukwandisa izinga lokushisa, avele umphimbo obuhlungu, ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa yisisu.

Ukuze abone isifo, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okukhethekile laboratory. Uhlelo yokuvikela kwezingane qiniseka ukufaka olunzulu ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu kukamama esizayo. Yingakho sokukhulelwa ne-HIV - lawa imiqondo emibili ukuthi ngokuvamile zitholakala ndawonye. Mhlawumbe ukube bekungengenxa sesimweni ezithakazelisayo, owesifazane wayengeke afune usizo lwezokwelapha.

ukuhlola

Njengoba uzhu watshelwa okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuxilonga - isifundo laboratory. Uma owesifazane umi phezu akhawunti yokukhulelwa, kuba kusukela osukwini lokuqala, njengoba siye kohlolwa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi asikwazi ophoqelelwe lokuqoka, ngaphandle kwemvume lesiguli. Kodwa kungenjongo ngentshisekelo yakho engcono, ngoba ukukhulelwa kanye ne-HIV, okwenzeka emzimbeni ngesikhathi esifanayo, akufanele kwesokunxele ngaphandle kokubhekwa ngabezempilo.

Indlela ethandwa kakhulu iyona ELISA ukuhlola, ngayo nefunda ngayo e serum amasosha omzimba lesiguli HIV zitholiwe. PCR ukucacisa amaseli ngokwabo igciwane egazini. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuhlolwa wenziwa uma kukhona izinsolo HIV ukuxilonga ngokunembile.

Uma udokotela wakho ethi kumelwe izindaba ezimbi, akufanele ukuya ukwethuka. Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza nokukhulelwa kungaba babambisane ezikhona ngokuthula ngokwanele, futhi ungase unikeze kahle wabeletha ingane ephile saka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kumelwe singakhohlwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukusebenzelana eduze nodokotela wakho ukuthi uhlolwe futhi ulandele izincomo.

Kuke kwenzeke yini kube iphutha?

Yiqiniso it can! Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba ibhekane ukuhlola okunzulu, ikakhulukazi uma ziyaqiniseka umlingani wakho. Iqiniso lokuthi uphethwe eyinhloko kwenziwe ngosizo kakade esiqokiwe ELISA indlela anganika kokubili yi zamanga-HIV kanye zamanga-HIV. Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza nokukhulelwa ngesikhathi esifanayo - lena buhlungu nganoma yisiphi umama okhulelwe, kodwa kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi imiphumela ayibi lithembeke ngokuphelele.

Amanga emibi imiphumela kungaba uma isifo iphutha muva. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu babe ukusekelwa, kodwa umzimba engakakhuli isikhathi ukuphendula futhi ukuthuthukisa Ukuvikelwa, amasosha omzimba, abangodokotela. Amanga ukuhlaziywa omuhle kwenzeka kaningi, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe. Izizathu amanga physiology nalesi sikhathi esinzima. Yiqiniso, umuntu ngeke ukulala, lapho izindaba elinjalo liyoba khona, kodwa kuzomele uqale nesisindo ngangokunokwenzeka sokuchuma okunjalo lapho izimfanelo ezibe, futhi-ke, qhubeka inhlolovo.

ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza nokukhulelwa uqhubeke njengenjwayelo, hhayi kakhulu ezithinta nomunye. Ukukhulelwa akusho kusheshiswe inchubekelembili ukuthelelana besifazane abakhululekile, ngendlela efanele usaqala isifo. Ngokwezibalo, inani sokukhulelwa yezinkinga kuleli cala, abesifazane elinegciwane neze idlula ukuthi abesifazane ngaphandle HIV. Okuwukuphela - kancane kaningi kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo samakhaza virus.

HIV ukuhlaziya sokukhulelwa ezidingekayo futhi ukuhlola komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane izifo. By endleleni, uma siqhathanisa lokufa syndrome immunodeficiency babelethe futhi ukulahla lokhu (kuba ukukhipha izisu ngemuva uphethwe), Ukwehluka nhlobo.

Nokho, njengoba wazi, inkambo sokukhulelwa kakhulu sincike esingakanani edlule bahlakulele isifo, yini esiteji kwakuwukugcwaliseka ukukhulelwa, kanye nesimo umzimba. Isigaba kamuva, kungavela ngenxa yezinkinga ngaphezulu. Kungaba ukopha njalo futhi esindayo, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni futhi wazalwa kungakabi isikhathi, ukuzalwa kwengane isishonile, ongaphakeme isisindo sengane kanye kwangemva kokubeletha endometritis. Ngakho, olunesisindo esikhudlwana lwaluba lesi sifo, mancane amathuba okuthi sife futhi ubelethe ingane ephile saka.

Lwasemtholampilo isithombe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

kubalulekile ikakhulukazi okwamanje kulabo besifazane abaye bafunda ngalesi sifo kakade ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kanjani igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa yalesi sifo ngo omama abakhulelwe yini? Lena yimibuzo izimpendulo okungase abesifazane abaningi ukuhlola kwenzekani nabo ukuthatha izinyathelo ezanele. Kodwa, ngeshwa, ukuchaza kubo ucishe nzima. Iqiniso lokuthi leli gciwane immunodeficiency Kutfutfukisa iqhubeka ekubeni buthakathaka imisebenzi okuvikela umzimba. Futhi namandla izivikeli mzimba emuva ngaphansi ukumelana lakhe, kakhulu izimpawu.

ngemva Ngokuvamile 6-8 amasonto ukutheleleka, umuntu uqala ukuzizwa izimpawu zokuqala ukuthi umama okhulelwe bangase basithathe kalula futhi ejwayelekile sokukhulelwa isithombe. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungakwenza ukhathale, imfiva, futhi kwehle ukusebenza, kanye nesifo sohudo.

Iyini inkinga eyinhloko? Lesi sigaba Asihlali isikhathi eside - amasonto amabili kuphela, futhi izimpawu abohle. Manje, lesi sifo kuthatha ifomu esicashile. Igciwane ingena isinyathelo ukuphikelela. Isikhathi kungaba eside kakhulu, abaneminyaka esukela kwemibili futhi kanjalo eqeda iminyaka engu-10. Futhi uma sikhuluma abesifazane, ngiwo bathambekele avuze esiteji esicashile eside, e madoda mufushane futhi ingeqi iminyaka 5.

zonke ISIZINDA lymph anda le nkathi. Kuyinto uphawu ezisolisayo kudinga luhlolo. Kodwa lapha kuba nenkinga yesibili: zingavuvukalanga lymph node ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuvamile futhi evame kakhulu kubantu enempilo. Nokho, lokhu uphawu ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele wazise unina esizayo. Kungcono waphinda kube ephephile kuka ukulahlekelwa yisikhathi esibalulekile, bavele.

imvuthu ukuthuthukiswa Natal

Kule ndaba, odokotela unesithakazelo kakhulu kwelinye iphuzu, okungukuthi lokho eside kukhona isifo. Ulwazi oluningi kule izicubu inikezwe kwezisu okuvele omama itheleleke. Ngakho, kwatholakala ukuthi igciwane kungabangela lesizalo ukutheleleka e senyanga yokuqala, kodwa ematfuba lena akuyona liphezulu kakhulu. Kulokhu, izingane zizalwa ukunqotshwa esinzima kakhulu. Njengomthetho, abazi isikhathi eside.

Bangaphezu kuka-kwengxenye yabo bonke abangenwa zenzeka yokuthathu yesithathu, isikhathi ngokushesha ngaphambi kwezidingo kanye nokulethwa uqobo.

Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo wukuthi kuze kube muva nje ukuhlonza igazi amasosha omzimba-HIV abakhulelwe kuyinkomba ngoba ekunqanyulweni ngokushesha yokukhulelwa. Lokhu kuhlobene nengozi okusezingeni eliphezulu ukutheleleka fetus. Nokho, isimo sesishintshile namuhla. Ngenxa wesimanje ayisetshenziselwa ziqondiswe ukwelashwa ngisho caesarean kobuholi, uma uthola ukwelashwa kudingekile.

Amathuba ukutheleleka encane

Njengoba sazi, wezibalo, immunodeficiency virus idluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya enganeni. Lona omunye izindlela ezintathu yokudlulisela. Abane-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwandisa ingozi yokuba ingane nge azalwa naso immunodeficiency virus at 17-50%. Nokho, ukwelashwa namagciwane kunciphisa amathuba ukudluliswa perinatal afika ku-2%. Nokho, aphoyintimenti yokwelapha kudingeka kucatshangelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. HIV, njengoba siye echazwe kakade, kungase futhi kube ezahlukene. Izici ezandisa amathuba ukudluliswa ezingenzeka embungwini zihlanganisa:

• ukwelashwa belated, lapho isifo sesifike isigaba ngasekupheleni;
• ukutheleleka lapho ukhulelwe;
• sokukhulelwa kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukuzalwa nzima;
• fetus isikhumba ukulimala ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokubeletha

Eqinisweni, uma i-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa inguyebo, ungase unikeze kahle wabeletha ingane ephile saka. Kepha ozozalwa ngamasosha omzimba zonina. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa umntwana nalo ne-HIV. Kodwa ngenkathi kusenzima izindlela kuphela abangenawo amasosha omzimba wabo komzimba wakhe, kodwa kuphela umzali. Kuzothatha elinye iminyaka 1-2, baze zinyamalale ngokuphelele kusukela imvuthu umzimba, futhi manje ungakwazi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ukutheleleka kwengane livelile.

umama okhulelwe kufanele wazi ukuthi i-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa angadluliselwa ingane namanje e utero. Nokho, ayanda amasosha omzimba kanina, ngcono placenta iyingxenye evikela-fetus kusuka amagciwane namagciwane akhona egazini kwabakhulelwe. Uma placenta is abavusa noma ilimele ke ematfuba ukutheleleka iyakhula. Lesi ngesinye futhi isizathu esenza udinga ahlolwe obuphelele ngudokotela wakho.

Kodwa kaningi ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngakho-ke sokukhulelwa nokutheleleka nge-HIV kufanele kuhambisane saziso yokwelapha namagciwane ukunciphisa lokhu okungenzeka ibe mincane. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngesikhathi nokuwela emgudwini wokuzala ingane has a sethubeni elihle ukuba mbeni igazi, okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa kungenzeka ukutheleleka. Uma ukhumbula kusukela sesikole, lena enqamulelayo yokudlulisela igciwane. Ukubeletha Kunconywa lapho igazi kutholwa inani elikhulu amagciwane.

ngemuva kokubeletha

Njengoba sishilo, ukuhlolelwa i-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyadingeka, uma kwenzeka yalokho omuhle unina kungathatha yokwelapha ephelele futhi banakekele impilo yabo. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa kukhona ukucindezelwa bokuphila mzimba. Ngakho-ke, uma esifundweni esandulelayo wahlola kuphela phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa, abanye akagcinanga futhi wathola ukuthi ngemva kokuzalwa-HIV kungenzeka luhambe ngokushesha uhlelo lokuthuthukisa. Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela, lesi sifo kungase ukuthuthukela isigaba kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuphela isifiso sokuba zibe umama akufanele wencika. Ukubonisana nodokotela wakho iyadingeka ezingeni lokuhlela. Kuphela indlela enjalo yokuhlaziya isimo kungaba umsizi wakho. Abane-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela ukukhubazeka sina buthaka lo impilo ukuthi esikhathini esizayo kuzoholela zehlise zokuphila.

Ibele nezingozi zayo

Ukukhulelwa abane-HIV bangadlulisela kwenzeke kahle ngesikhathi usana ngendlela evamile futhi azalwe engumqemane. Yiqiniso, igazi lakhe ngiyakulibiza aqukethe amasosha omzimba kamama, kodwa azikwazi ibe nethonya ku amasosha omzimba zezingane. Kodwa manje, ngaphambi unina kutholwa ithuba, kungakhathaliseki ukondla ubisi yakho umntwana ibele. Udokotela kufanele uchaze ukuthi ibele kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka pheze ngesiquntu. Ngakho-ke, ukulahla, lokho kungaba lesikahle. ingxube qualitative uyonika ingane yakho ithuba elingcono kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.

izingozi yakho

Kunezindlela eziningana zici ukuthi awukwazi ukudlala esivuna yakho. Lena ngokuyinhloko buthakathaka amasosha omzimba kwabakhulelwe. High wegciwane, okungukuthi isibalo amagciwane egazini abesifazane - liphinde kuwuphawu olubi. Kulokhu, udokotela wakho kungase kusikisele sokuqeda ukukhulelwa. Mayelana ibele sishilo - 2/3 of zonke izimo ukutheleleka kwengane nonina kwenzeka phakathi namasonto okuqala ayisithupha wokuphila. nokukhulelwa izingane eziningi ngasikhathi - nakho kuyiphuzu ingozi.

Okokuqala umama okhulelwe udinga ukuba abhaliswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Qiniseka ukulandela yonke izincomo udokotela wakho, khona-ke uyoba namathuba angcono okuba ingane ephile saka. Kusukela ngesonto 14 okukhulelwa kungathatha i namagciwane izidakamizwa "AZT" noma okufana naso. prophylaxis okunjalo uyabuthola mahhala. Uma owesifazane, ngenxa yezizathu eziningana hhayi ukuthatha ke kuze kube ngesonto 34, udinga ngiqale ngolunye usuku. Nokho, ukwelashwa ngokushesha waqala, cishe umama adlulisele isifo ukuze imvuthu yabo.

ukwelashwa

ukwelashwa kwe-HIV ngesikhathi besakhulelwe kudinga ngokucophelela enesisindo isimo umama engu sokukhulelwa. Yingakho ushiye it i udokotela 'ebona, futhi noma kunjalo ungazami self-medicate. Uma uvakashela Uchwepheshe ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, ngesikhathi ukuhlela, kungenzeka uzobe enikezwa ukwelashwa. Isinqumo ekuseni yokutholwa ngesisekelo cwaningo ezimbili - lisezingeni elinjani amaseli CD-4 kanye wegciwane. ukwelashwa yamanje kudinga ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa antivirals ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.

ukuhlolelwa i-HIV (sokukhulelwa kubangela khansela ukwelashwa) kuyinto ukuhlaziywa isiqalo phezu kwayo yonke imithi eminye. Ukuze umama ushiya eyodwa kuphela izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane ukuze ingangenwa amagciwane ne imvuthu.

Uma owesifazane ethatha ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, bese uma kwenzeka okunjalo kunconywa ukuthatha ikhefu senyanga yokuqala. Lapho leli gazi i-HIV kwabakhulelwe esithathwayo, ngokuvamile kathathu, uma inani amasampula zingandiswa ngokuvumelana ngokubona kwalo dokotela. Ezinye izindaba zika-ukwelashwa kunikezwa lingaze. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi kombungu somntwana ongakazalwa kanye ukugwema isimo esibi yokumelana, lapho igciwane ayisekho esilaphekayo.

owesifazane Yini okumelwe zikhunjulwe

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ipumelelo kwezokwelapha zanamuhla enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka kwengane unina 2%, kusenzima khona. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukucabangela zonke izinhlangothi ngaphambi ngokucophelela ngobuhle nangobubi bawo, nowesifazane, ngisho noma atheleleke nge-HIV, ufuna ukuba baphathe futhi ubelethe ingane ephile saka. Ubunzima itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuthi pipsqueak yakho ene-HIV ozalwa eside ngokwanele, futhi ukubikezela ke kusengaphambili akunakwenzeka. Ngakho une ukulinda isikhathi eside futhi eyisicefe. IFA emva mayelana 6 izinyanga lokuzalwa uyoveza yi omuhle, ngakho-ke bekezela.

Njengoba benamagangangozi abelethe, owesifazane idinga ukwazi ngalokho ulinde ngomntanakhe, uma singena la ngeshwa 2%. Sikhumbuza ukuthi okungenzeka enjalo sakugcina immunodeficiency virus ukuzalwa komntwana kuphela kungenzeka uma owesifazane engalandelanga yonke izincomo odokotela ayakhumuka luhlolo njalo hhayi ukuthatha izidakamizwa ncamashi ku circuit.

Inkinga enzima ka-HIV kwenzeka kulezo izingane ngubani zazinayo e utero. Izimpawu kulokhu kuvetwa licace okuningi, futhi ngokuvamile, lezi izingane asiphili enyakeni owodwa. Ezimbalwa uphathe ukuhlangabezana iminyaka yokweva eshumini nambili, kodwa ukubikezela ezimpilweni zabo lapho usukhulile kungaba esicabanga ukuthi kungaqhamuka, njengoba kungekho amacala anjalo kwakungamelwe.

yokudlulisela i-HIV ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ukuncelisa lubelula kwenzeka ngoba igciwane namanga zakhekile umzimba nge yohlelo lwamasosha omzimba. Noma kunjalo, isikhathi ekuphileni komntwana sincane kakhulu. Ngokuvamile odokotela musa ukuveza ukubikezela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.

zokuvimbela

Azalwa naso ukutheleleka nge-HIV - isibhedlela kanye nemithi kusukela ebuntwaneni. Yiqiniso, konke kumelwe kwenziwe ukuvimbela kwanda. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni esifike ngesikhathi lesi sifo. Namuhla, lo msebenzi wenziwa ezindaweni ezintathu. Ngokuyinhloko kuyinto nokugwema i-HIV phakathi kwabesifazane yokuzala. Isiqondiso yesibili - kuyinto ngokuvikela ukukhulelwa okungahlosiwe kubantu besifazane abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Ekugcineni, zinyanga - kuyinto zokuvimbela yokudlulisela kowesifazane kumntanakhe.

Positive HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa - lokhu akukona ukuphela emhlabeni. Nokho, abesifazane kufanele uqaphele ukuthi amathuba zokuthelela ingane yena. ukwelashwa yamanje ukuvumele ukwandisa kakhulu iminyaka yokuphila umuntu one-HIV. Abantu abaningi bahlala ezindaweni iminyaka engu-20 noma ngaphezulu emva kokutheleleka. Nokho, uma umuntu omdala sonke ukuphila, ingane - ithuba ukuhlangabezana intsha futhi ushiye. Izimpumelelo lodokotela ungasusi umthwalo kwabesifazane, ngakho kwasekuqaleni, ngamunye wabo kufanele zicabange ngekusasa umntanakho.

esikhundleni isiphetho

Lona isihloko mayelana esingakwazi ukukhuluma phakade, futhi namanje akwaziwa ukuthi eziningi innuendo. Ukutholwa kwesandulela ngculazi, efana ngihlaselwe iphupho elibi, ochitha wonke izinhlelo ngekusasa, kodwa Into edabukisa ikakhulukazi ukufunda ukuxilongwa yabo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kulokhu, unina esizayo kuwufanele ukukhetha kanzima futhi umthwalo omkhulu. Olulahliwe imvuthu zabo noma uzozala? Luzophila kahle, noma uyoba ukwelashwa engapheli? Zonke lezi mibuzo babe impendulo ecacile. Namuhla sasiqhuba uhambo iDemo ngawe, wakhuluma izinkinga main ezihlobene nokukhulelwa kwabesifazane elinegciwane.

Yiqiniso, kwentuthuko emkhakheni wamuva wezokwelapha baye bavumela ukuba injabulo inombolo ngumama enkulu abesifazane. Namuhla, abantu abane-HIV bakholelwa ukuthi amalungu agcwele umphakathi, banelilungelo umndeni kanye ukuzalwa banezingane eziphile kahle.