Ukufaka Gentoo Linux - igxathu negxathu Umhlahlandlela

I-Linux uhlelo lokusebenza is emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi abangenalwazi usebenzisa Ubuntu Distro, t. Ukuze. Kuyinto elula kuba mahhala. Nokho, nakuba ezinye kukaMoya bakhululekile, mancane ethandwa. Kubenzima kungenziwa ngokuthi ukufakwa Gentoo. Kodwa nge iziyalezo zethu cishe kuyophumelela.

Kuyini Gentoo Linux?

Lokhu ukusatshalaliswa, okuyinto i amakhono ezibanzi yayo, eyinkimbinkimbi, ngokwezifiso ezaziwayo. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu okufanele, kanye nesidingo batibandzakanye ubuchopho, ngoba ngaphandle kolwazi ezikhethekile engakutholi ukusebenzisa ukusebenza okugcwele OS. Ngokuvamile kufanele ubheke zonke izinhlobo imiyalelo, kodwa lokhu ngemuva. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukufakwa amaphakheji e Gentoo Yenziwe imithombo ngethuluzi ekhethekile Portage. Kunzima, kodwa umsebenzisi Ungakhetha ukuthi iziphi emabhokisini ukufaka futhi umsebenzi.

Kuye umthamo benhlangano, ukufakwa kungathatha isikhathi esifushane kakhulu (imizuzu embalwa), futhi ingahlala izinsuku.

Izinzuzo Ububi

Kukholakala ukuthi Gentoo Linux ukusatshalaliswa esheshayo. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi yonke indawo, kukhona yokuntula ezithile. "Gent" (noma "Gentoo") osebenza ku Linux kukaMoya Umthombo-based, kungani ukukhuphula ijubane. Kodwa ngokuvamile isikhathi kulondolozwe ku sisetshenziselwe ukufakwa eside (funda: sokuhlanganiswa) amaphakheji. Omunye timphawu letibalulekile "Gentoo" - iyona nokwenza i-hardware. Lokhu ibangelwa UKUSETSHENZISWA-amafulegi (ukuba Ulwazi ngezansi) nokwenza kanye isakhiwo isofthiwe kusukela emithonjeni, uxhumano / Ukukhipha modules ezahlukene.

A inzuzo ukhiye yikhono bayayaba aphume ke yini oyithandayo. может стать обычным сервером или рабочей станцией. Ngenxa Portage, Gen kakhulu bangaba kuseva abavamile noma workstation. Eyesibili inzuzo - nakalula. Lokhu ukusatshalaliswa kuyinto multi-platform kanye isebenza nanoma iyiphi architectures CPU. Uhlelo isivele ngembobo ngempumelelo le architectures ezilandelayo:

1. X86.
2. X64.
3. ARM.
4. PowerPc970.
5. PowerPC.
6. Dec-Alpha.
7. IBM / 390.
8. 68K.
9. Sparc.
10. PA-RISC.
11. MIPS.
12. SuperH.
13. PowerPC G5.

Gentoo futhi bavikelekile zonke izinhlobo ubungozi. Kokubuyekeza iphakheji kuyashesha kakhulu, kanye ngokuchibiyela ngishiyeka izimbobo. Kukhona amasayithi amaningi umhlangano lolungakahleleki kwezinhlelo kanambambili olusemthethweni yakha.

Njengoba thina yisho yokuntuleka Gentoo yokufaka. Beginners abangenalo nesipiliyoni nalokhu ukusatshalaliswa, kuyoba nzima. Kodwa sibonga imfundo kuyophumelela.

Indlela ukufaka Gentoo? imfundo

Ukuze uqale, kumelwe ozifakile Ubuntu wokusabalalisa. Uzodinga ukufinyelela impande, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ukuphi. Futhi kudingeka uxhumano lwe-inthanethi.

Isinyathelo sokuqala kakhulu - liyosithela Gentoo chroot. Ungenza lokhu ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ngesikhathi ogqamile umyalo ukubhalisa: sudo efaneleka-uthole ufake dchroot debootstrap.
2. Nge izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho futhi ufake debootstrap dchroot amaphakheji. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza Linux wacabanga "ekhaya" lwemibhalo lihlukile evamile.

Manje sidinga repartition disk, noma ungadala amasha, uma kukhona isikhala. Kodwa ukusebenza izigaba kudingeka ngokucophelela, ngoba kukhona ubungozi bokulahlekelwa yonke idatha. On izinkundla eziningi bhala ukuthi Kungcono Ziningi izihloko ezahlukene. Okungenani kudingeka ukuba ukwahlukanisa oyinhloko (/), kanye / ukuqalisa ukwahlukanisa, futhi / var. Nakuba kukhona / eguqulayo (esetshenziselwa lokuvula) nekhaya / ekhaya.

Ngemva kokudala ukwahlukanisa entsha ukufometha kubo. Ukuze ukwahlukanisa / boot, / ekhaya, isidingo esikhulu (/), / var ukusebenzisa reiser2 ext3 noma.

Manje ukudala ifolda / MNT / Gentoo. Ingxenye ngayinye idinga ifolda ayo wadala yithi.

Khweza ngodonga entsha lapha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wafaka le ngesikhathi umugqa wemiyalo:

1. sudo khweza / dev / sda5 / MNT / Gentoo.
2. sudo khweza / dev / sda6 / MNT / Gentoo / ekhaya.

Amaforamu sda5 futhi sda6 sizoqukatha impande nekhaya zemibhalo.

Qiniseka ukuhlola ukuthi usuku isethwe kahle. Uma kungenjalo, usebenzisa imiyalo le-syntax ungabeka usuku olulungile: Usuku MMDDhhmmYYYY.

Manje vula isiphequluli sakho bese iya kusayithi ukusatshalaliswa ukulanda. Kube ngifuna nesibuko kuhle indawo yakho.

Kusukela lwemibhalo ukukhishwa / ia64 / 2008,0 / izigaba ukulayisha stage3 netiyela-ingobo yomlando. Manje ukuhambisa ingobo yomlando ku-Gentoo ifolda. Senza ngayo lo myalo: mv stage3 * .bz2 * / MNT / Gentoo.

Guqulela lwemibhalo (cd / MNT / Gentoo) bese uhlole ingobo yomlando ne MD5. Ebhala kuyi umugqa wemiyalo: md5sum stage3 -c * .md5. Ngakho ungahlola ukuthi ifayela alilinyaziwe, nokuthi kulungile. Uma ungatholi Kulungile impendulo, uzoba uyilande futhi.

Yiya elilandelayo Gentoo ukufakwa kanye ukucushwa isinyathelo. Udinga kukhishwe amafayela ekulondolozeni. Sebenzisa umyalo we-: sudo itiyela xvjpf stage3 * .bz2 bese ulinda uma sekuqediwe.

Ilungiselela Gentoo

Manje esinazo Gentoo ngaphansi izinhlelo main. Nakanjani kudingeka Portage - ekhethekile iphakethe ukuphathwa ithuluzi. Siyabonga kuye, sithola ukulawula izinhlelo efakiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phindela yezimanga. Esikhathini izifinyezo athungatha asanda kungezwa Portage. Ukulanda futhi ukuhambisa kufolda / MNT / Gentoo. Kungcono umane linqume umyalo: itiyela xvjf /mnt/gentoo/portage-.tar.bz2 -C / MNT / Gentoo / usr.

Kuyini Portage?

A amazwi ambalwa kufanele ishiwo leli thuluzi. Portage - uhlelo ongazisebenzisa ukuphatha amaphakheji e nokusabalalisa. It yakhelwe lula inqubo isofthiwe futhi umthombo ikhodi. Ingasetshenziselwa ukususa amaphakethe, ukuzivuselela ukuvumelanisa nge rsync olandelwayo. Uma Portage ukulanda amafayela, uhlelo iqoqa uhlelo usebenzisa ukulandwa ikhodi yomthombo futhi uzilungisele wona.

Kulesi sigaba, sibekela amafulegi ahlanganise. Vula make.conf, esemgwaqweni lwemibhalo / Gentoo / njll Sisebenzisa umhleli umbhalo osobala. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we uchaza make.conf.example khaphi ukwakheka onhlobonhlobo. Uzijwayeze ke. Sebenzisa lawa eziguquguqukayo futhi ifayela yokucushwa ukufakwa.

Kufanele wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi izilungiselelo bathunyelwa kusukela Ubuntu ukusatshalaliswa zinjalo. Into esemqoka - kungcono dns-ukumisa (sudo cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf) kanye proc uhlelo (sudo mount -t proc noyedwa / MNT / Gentoo / proc).

Uma amasethingi kulungile, ukuya chroot. Ukuze wenze lokho, udinga:

1. Shintsha lwemibhalo impande. Ngesikhathi bhala somyalo ogqamile: sudo chroot / MNT / Gentoo / bin / bash
2. Buyekeza imvelo futhi wenze kucace ukuba ukuphela, lapho itholakala. Ngesikhathi ogqamile umyalo: / usr / sbin / env-update.
3. Yibeke imemori: umthombo / njll / iphrofayli.

Kusukela kulo mzuzwana wena ohlelweni Gentoo.

Ehlanganiswe ikhenela

Yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu - ukuhlanganisa ikhenela - yesimiso, ebheka ukunikeza ukufinyelela uhlelo nini futhi kanjani. Ngaphandle ikhenela, alukho uhlelo lokusebenza ayisebenzi. Futhi, ukufaka iphakheji rsync-server. Thina ufaka i lo myalo: ziyaphuma --sync. Ngokucaca, ucabange ukuthi izofakwa ikhenela version 2.6. Kulesi sigaba kubalulekile ukumemezela UKUSETSHENZISWA amafulegi ukunikeza yesakhi baqonde ukuthi ongakhetha nezici isicelo. Kubalulekile ucacise amafulegi lesifanele, kungenjalo yi angeke Kulindeleke ngokugcwele.

Ngamunye ungeze ifulege - leli gama. ongakhetha esikhiphekayo akhonjiswa nge "-" ngaphambi kwegama. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ukufakwa futhi sokuhlanganiswa izinhlelo nezinketho ukusekela Ogg thina nje udinga ukwengeza Ogg. Uma thina akudingeki, bese ubhala -ogg.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi UKUSETSHENZISWA-amafulegi ongakhetha kuzo, qiniseka ukubheka amaphepha Gentoo.

Ngemva kokukhetha amafulegi e make.conf evulekile / njll / lwemibhalo bese uyifake.

Ukusetha Isikhathi sendawo

Isinyathelo esilandelayo - ukusetha isikhathi sendawo. Bonke bangabangasokile lwemibhalo / usr / share / zoneinfo. Siphendukela lapha, faka ls umyalo futhi ubone uhlu iyatholakala. Edingekayo izoni yesikhathi ikopishelwe / njll / localtime. Ukusebenzisa umyalo: # cp / usr / share / zoneinfo / GMT / njll / localtime.

download abuye atakhele ikhenela kungaba kwenziwe emva izoni yesikhathi kulungiselelwa. Faka umyalo: # ziyaphuma Gentoo-imithombo. Manje isinyathelo esinzima kunazo - ukumisa ikhenela ukuze ngasekelwa iphakheji sifuna. Uma ikhenela efakwe kahle, umsebenzi oyifunayo kungenzeka zingatholakali.

ukusebenzisa:

• cd / usr / src / linux;
• ukwenza menuconfig.

Ngakho singena ukucushwa ikhenela. Khetha zonke oyifunayo ukulayisha abashayeli uhlelo. Udinga ukuhlola ukuthi zonke ezakhelwe ikhenela, kungenjalo uhlelo ngeke ivuleke banal. Ungakhohlwa zibandakanya yamafayela wesitoreji sakho. Khetha kungenzeka zonke kunesidingo inethiwekhi abashayeli zihlanganisa engenawaya LAN, kanye nohlobo nomndeni processor.

Manje, ukuqala kwakhiwa faka: ukwenza && ukwenza modules_install. Inqubo kuzothatha isikhathi esithile. Bese ufaka: ukwenza -j2 && ukwenza modules_install. ikhenela isithombe ikopishelwe ifolda / ebhuthini.

Kugcine - kulungiselelwa core amamojuli. Ukuze uthole zonke amamojuli etholakalayo, ukusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo: thola / lib / amamojuli / (ikhenela version) / -type f -iname '* .O' -noma -iname '* .ko'. Engeza ohlwini /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6 labo amafolda alandwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kulesigaba ukufakwa Gentoo kuqedile. Ungaqala ukusebenzisa i-OS.

Ukufakwa KDE Gentoo Amathiphu

Ngesikhathi ufaka, kuyoba nezinkinga. Ngenye indlela, umane akukwazi. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheke Gentoo iforamu ukuxazulula izinkinga zabo. Kunoma ikuphi, landela imiyalelo.

izingxabano ngokuvamile kuphakama mayelana nendlela ukufaka Gentoo ku UEFI. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukwahlukanisa EFI yadalwa. Kumelwe kube yilowo ohlukile ohlelweni ifayela FAT. I UEFI sebhithi kulotshiwe ukuthi UEFI-firmware isebenza nge FAT12, 16 no-32, kodwa kunconywa ukuthi asebenzise ifayela FAT32.

Futhi kule netiyela-ingobo yomlando kungaba ngingekho futhi zazikhishwa iqembu lomsebenzisi. Lapho usebenzisa i-schroot ohlelweni aphethe kumele udale kubo ngesandla. Kulokhu, amafayela lwemibhalo / Gentoo / njll futhi iphasiwedi yakho kuzosulwa (ungahlela nabo ngqo).