Uketshezi lwe-Nicotine: izimpawu, usizo lokuqala kanye nokwelapha

Ugwayi yinto echaphazela isimiso sezinzwa. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi i-nicotine i-carcinogen. Uma lesi sici esiyingozi sibuthiwe, izitsha zokugcina ziyancipha, ukukhanya kwazo kuyancipha.

Umuntu obhemayo uphethwe yisifo somphimbo nomlomo. Nge-poisoning ehlelekile, isifo senhliziyo ngokuvamile sibonakala. Ubuhlungu besifo se-psychotropic bubonakala nokuthuthukiswa kwengcindezi yegazi, isifo se-coronary, i-oksijeni yindlala, isisindo sokukhubazeka kwezigungu.

Izimbangela Zobuhlungu

Ukusabela kwe-nicotine kuqala lapho ubuthi buphuka emzimbeni. Ukuhlupheka ngenxa yobuthi ngeke nje ukubhema. Isidakamizwa singena ngaphakathi ngisho nangesikhumba sabangabhemi. Kodwa kaningi isibonakaliso sibonakala kulabo abasebenzisa ugwayi ngobuningi.

Uma kwenzeka uketshezi lwe-nicotine, ukwelashwa kufanele kube ngesikhathi esifanele futhi kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ngoba le nto ingathinteki kakhulu emisipha nobuchopho. Umusi oshiswa isikhathi eside akazwa umphumela omubi kusuka kumusi othungelekile ngoba izinhlayizi eziqukethe ugwayi zishisa masinyane. Kodwa isibalo esithile sazo singakwazi ukuhlala emagqumeni amancane, ephepheni eliphezulu lokuphefumula. Qala ukukhombisa izimpawu ezisemqoka zesifo sofuba se-nicotine - isikhumba esilahlekile nesizungu. Iziguli eziye zabhekana nalesi sifo zidinga ukwelashwa nokuphefumula okuphuthumayo, kodwa kunqunywe udokotela kuphela.

Yini engabangelwa?

Ngokuvamile izimpawu ze-nicotine poisoning zibonakala ezinganeni. Insolo yalokhu ukunganaki komzali ogcina ugwayi endaweni efinyelelekayo. Ingane encane ihlola noma yikuphi into entsha neyingaziwa, ukuyizama emlonyeni. Uyakwazi ukugwinya ugwayi. Kulesi simo, lesi sibonakaliso sizozibonakalisa ngokushesha futhi kungaholela emiphumeleni enzima kakhulu, kuze kube yilapho ingane ingatholakala ukuthi inobuthi obuhlungu obukhulu be-nicotine. Ukwelashwa kwengane, kuyadingeka ukuthi uxhumane nomnyango wezitholampilo zesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umuntu obhemayo angazizwa futhi ukubonakaliswa kwesifo. Ikakhulukazi uma yena, ngenxa yezimo ezithile, isibonelo, esebenza, uphoqeleka ukuya endaweni egcinelwe ukubhema. Futhi lapho, njengomthetho, kukhona iphunga.

Ngokokuqala ngqangi, ukubulawa kwesifo se-nicotine kwafunyanwa ochwepheshe abasebenza emafayini kagwayi. Isimbangela sobuthakathaka kwaba uthuli olubhema ugwayi, olumboza isikhumba futhi lungena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuphefumula. Namuhla emafektri amaningi asebenza nge-suit ekhethekile nephefumula.

Ungakwazi ukuxilonga ubuthi obunobuthi nge-nicotine ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Izimpawu ze-nicotine poisoning

Odokotela babona iziguli eziningi ezethuka uma zicabanga ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa emzimbeni wazo. Futhi iziguli ezithile kuphela zicabanga ngezingozi zemikhiqizo yokubhema. Futhi bayavuma ukuthi uketshezi olutholiwe nge-nicotine kufanele kuphathwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokwenzayo, kunezindlela eziningana zokunikeza usizo, kodwa okuvamile kulezi ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo yokwandisa imishanguzo noma ama-vasodilators. Kuzo zombili izimo, umzimba uthola izinto ezibangela ukwanda kwegazi, okuthinta isimo somuntu wonke.

I-Vasoconstriction (ukunciphisa i-lumen yemithambo yegazi) iyinhlamba ye-vasodilation. Kubangelwa izidakamizwa ezibandayo noma ezithile. Ugwayi uyaziwa nezakhiwo zawo ze-vasoconstrictor. Bayakwazi ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi, ngenxa yalokho inkinga iba engapheliyo.

Ukufaka ubuthi nge-nicotine, izimpawu zazo ezibalulekile ukwazi, okubangela ukunciphisa imithwalo yegazi, kubangele ukwakheka kwezindwangu zegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ohambisa ugwayi ugwayi njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engamashumi amane, ugcina umshini wesimo se-spasmodic. Ukuzwela okhethekile kuzwakala yi-arterial therapy emilenzeni. Njalo ukubhema okwesishiyagalombili kugula nge-endarteritis.

Isifo senhliziyo siwuphawu lokudla ugwayi

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukubhema kuthintwa kakhulu yi-angina pectoris. Lapho kutholakala ubuthi be-nicotine, izimpawu ze-angina pectoris zivezwe ngokunyuka kwengcindezi yokungena emzimbeni kanye nokwanda komthwalo emisipha yezinhliziyo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amathuba okutholakala kwe-ischemia aphakeme kakhulu. Umuntu angakwazi ukuzwa ukucindezeleka kwesifuba kanye nobuhlungu obunzima. Ekuxilongweni, uketshezi lwe-nicotine kufanele kugwenywe.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi intuthu emzimbeni emva kwesonto iqala ukusebenza futhi ifinyelela embundeni yobuchopho, ephazamisa izinhlelo ezimbili zezinzwa: ephakathi nendawo, elawula umsebenzi wezinhlaka eziningi nezinhlelo.

Ukusabela okuqhubekayo komzimba womuntu kunzima ukubikezela. Kuncike ekutheni ukulinganisa kanye nokubekezela kwezinto, ngakho ukuphendula kungaba okuhlukile. Ukudakwa ngokwezinyosi ezincane ngokuvamile kubonakala kumuntu oqala ukubhema. Uketshezi lwe-nicotine ngobuningi - labo abasebenzisa ugwayi abanolwazi.

Amafomu enobuthi obuhlungu

Kunamafomu amabili:

• Ukukhanya. Kubonakala ngokugwedla ngokweqile, ukuhlunga, isisindo esivamile, inzwa engathandekayo ekhanda, umsindo, ukukhathala. Konke lokhu kungaholela encebweni futhi kuphazamise umkhondo wamathumbu. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zesifo sofuba se-nicotine siqhubeka kuze kube yizinsuku ezimbili.
• Kunzima kakhulu. Kubangelwe ukwemukelwa kukagwayi ngobuningi besikhathi esifushane, ngenxa yalokho okuqala uketshezi olunzulu. Lokhu kudlula kakhulu kungenza ukudakwa, kuhambisane nesicefe, kunciphise ukucaca kombono, ukuphazamiseka kokuzwa (umsindo).

Iningi labantu likhathazekile ngalokhu okulandelayo: isizungu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, abafundi be-iso bashintsha. Abanye banokudumala, i-dyspnea, ngisho nokuqothulwa.

Ukwehla okungapheli kuvame ukuvela kulabo ababhema ugwayi isikhathi eside bese bebhema ngaphezu kwepaki elilodwa ngosuku. Umthamo lapho uqala ukudakwa khona, ngoba noma yimuphi umuntu angase ahluke.

I-dose ebulalayo ivela kumama-milligram angu-40 kuya kwangu-ayisishiyagalombili we-nicotine, okwathathwa ngesikhathi.

Yini okufanele uyenze kuqala?

Ukushisa utshwala kanye ne-nicotine - lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili zokudakwa, okufanele zinikezwe ukwelashwa okusheshayo ezivela kubanikezeli bezincwadi. Le nkonzo ihoxiswa ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwe-polyclinic, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuxhumana nesibhedlela esiphuthumayo noma esikhethekile ngqo. Yiziphi izinyathelo ezingathathwa ngokuzimela? Ngaphambi kokufika kochwepheshe, usizo lokuqala kufanele lunikezwe udoyi lwe-nicotine:

• Uma kunokwenzeka, udinga ukuvula iwindi ekamelweni.
• Ngokulahlekelwa ukwazi - ukuletha ekhaleni eligcwele amanzi nge-ammonia vatu.
• Yenza isisombululo saline ebuthakathaka bese ugeza isisu.
• Khonza i-enterosorbent enobuthi (i-activated carbon, Smektu, Polyphepan).
• Lungisa amanzi. Isisulu kumele siphuze amanzi amaningi isikhathi esifushane esanele.
• Qinisekisa ukuthula kwengqondo kwesiguli, ulale embhedeni, mhlawumbe ohlangothini (ukuze ugweme ukuchofoza lapho uhlanza).

Uma kunesimo esongela ukuphila, kubalulekile ukubiza i-ambulensi ngokuphuthumayo, okubonisa uphawu lwe-poisoning. Uma isisulu sesilahlekile, kufanele sibeke phansi emadolweni.

Uma kwakukhona ukwephulwa komzimba womzimba - akukho ukulinganisa kwe-pulse noma akukho ukusabela komfundi ukukhanya - izinqubo ezidingekayo ziyadingeka: ukusikhipha kwenhliziyo engaqondile ngokuhambisana nokuphefumulela okufakelwayo.

Yini enye abangayithola ababhemayo?

Khumbula! Ukubhema okuvamile futhi okuvamile, okusheshayo kuholela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezingapheli. Okokuqala kukhona ukukhubazeka ohlelweni lwesifo senhliziyo nesisu kusukela ku-hypoxia eside - ukungeneli okwanele kwegesi oksijini. Kusukela kulokhu kuqhutshwa i-neurosis, i-hallucinations, ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo ebukhali, ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi kuze kube yilapho kuthuthukiswa umfutho wegazi ophezulu nesifo sohlangothi.

Ngokuvamile, izisulu zikhononda nge-pulse (tachycardia) evamile, umuzwa wokulunywa (ukuzamazama okukhulu). Kunengozi yokuthuthukisa i-infarction ye-myocardial, i-varicose veins. Ukwengeza kukho konke lokhu, ukubhema okwemvelo kunamacala amaningi wegciwane lesifo.

I-pulmonary pathology

I-pathology evame kakhulu iyisifo esingenasifo sokuphefumula (COPD). Ngalo, umoya ohambisa emaphethelweni ophansi wokuphefumula ungase uvinjelwe ngokungenakuqondiswa. Lezi zifo azivumeli isiguli ukuba sithathe "ukuphefumula esibelethweni esigcwele." Ekuseni, kungase kube khona ukukhwehlela, nokuphefumula okuphefumulayo akushiyi ngisho nasesimweni sokuphumula sokujwayelekile, ngaphandle kokusebenza ngokomzimba.

Kumele kukhunjulwe: uma uqala ukusebenzisa ugwayi, kunengozi ukuthi u-nicotine ushevu uzoqala. Mhlawumbe inkinga ayithintanga umfundi, kodwa kubalulekile ukulalela isitatimende esilandelayo: "Ungazibeka engozini bese ulahla ugwayi kanye neminye imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke akukho ukuphefumula nokunye okulindelekile."

Indlela yokuphatha ubuthi?

Ezimweni lapho kukhona khona ukusola kokushushumbisa i-nicotine, izimpawu kanye nokwelapha kufanele kuhambisane. Amaphutha angabangela imiphumela embi, futhi isikhathi esibalulekile sizolahleka. Ngemuva kokuqaphela ukuxilongwa okucatshangwayo, umuthi wamathumbu kufanele uhlanzwe. Khona-ke isiguli sinikezwa ama-sorbents esebenzayo, isusa isxikisi esiyinhloko emzimbeni.

Lapho isimo sesiguli sithuthuka, udokotela kumele ahlole imiphumela ye-poisoning. Zingahluka. Noma yisiphi isitho singabhekana nezinto ezinobuthi, kodwa isimiso sezinzwa sisengozini enkulu.

Ababhemayo nabo badinga ukuphinde bacabange ukuthi bangashiya kanjani umkhuba omubi ngokushesha nokuthi kuyingozi kangakanani ukushisa kwe-nicotine. Usizo lwezokwelapha kwezinye izimo lungase lungabi namandla.