TMJ: Izinkinga kanye nezixazululo, izindlela zokwelashwa

Bambalwa abantu ukuqaphela ukubaluleka joint temporomandibular emzimbeni. Izinkinga kanye nezixazululo ehambisana nayo azinandaba. Kodwa uma nje abantu abazange nazo lesi sifo ngokuhlanganyela.

Kuyini TMJ?

Sibona yini TMJ, izinkinga nezisombululo we plan anakho. Lokhu TMJ. Itholakala at umuntu phambi indlebe futhi siqukethe mandible futhi ithambo yesikhashana. Vala ezicubwini ukunikeza ukuvulwa kanye nokuvala umlomo. Esimweni esejwayelekile, ngaphandle pathologies ukunyakaza emhlathini musa zibangele noma iyiphi ukungakhululeki indoda. TMJ kungenziwa ngokuthi omunye Balisebenzisa kakhulu emzimbeni, ngoba usebenza usuku lonke ukukhuluma, yawning, ukuhlafuna ukudla.

Njenganoma ubani omunye, naye ekuthanda isifo, futhi akuyona into engavamile - u-40% abantu baye bazibonela kubo ngokwami, nakuba lesi sifo Ilunga kulapho bungavami kuka, isibonelo, caries zamazinyo noma isifo periodontal. Nokho, akubona bonke itheleleke bacela ukuba usizo kudokotela, abaqondi, ngokuba nezimpawu ezihambisana, abese elindela esizimele zinyamalala.

ngezimpawu zesifo

Uma sihlola TMJ ingqondo, izinkinga nezisombululo (uphethwe kuzoxoxwa ngezansi), bangakwazi ziyahlukahluka kuye uhlobo nohlobo sifo. Kodwa izimpawu zabo zingahlanganiswa phakathi uhlu olulodwa, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje ezifanayo khona izifo ezihlukahlukene:

• ukuphathwa ikhanda;
• indlebe ubuhlungu, ukuminyana, ikhala;
• zibe emhlathini kanye imisipha yobuso;
• imisindo nezingahlobene nendaba uma kususwa emhlathini - crunching, ngokuchofoza, ukugaya;
• evuvukele zamanzi (submandibular)
• isiyezi.

Phezu ukuthola izimpawu ezinjalo kufanele uthintane wamazinyo ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo we TMJ.

Izimbangela zezifo

TMJ isifo, izinkinga nezisombululo zazo ezihlobene nazo, zimbalwa, kodwa izici kuphakama impela eningi. Ubangela izifo kungaba ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo imvelo:

• ukuhlukumezeka emhlathini noma amathambo ebusweni;
• Ukucindezeleka, ukuzikhandla ngokweqile;
• izinkinga ohlelweni endocrine;
• iziyaluyalu umzimba;
• isilulu samafayela;
• umsebenzi ngokweqile;
• malocclusion;
• isifo yamazinyo, ukuxakeka sokupha.

TMJ isifo

Uma thina sibheka isimo TMJ (inkinga, izimpawu), izinkinga eziza Ihlahlubo ekutholeni uhlobo isifo. ngokuhlanganyela Temporomandibular kungenziwa ngaphansi izifo ezifana:

• Isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga. Libhekene ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuvuvukala yayo, ukunqunywa emhlathini ukunyakaza. Kwangathi iba nomkhuhlane. Ngendlela ezingamahlalakhona kukhona ziwe ngenkathi ushayela. Uma lesi sifo ugijima, umphumela kungaba ukusonteka we ngokuhlanganyela.
• Osteoarthritis. Owabonakaliswa ubuhlungu emalungeni nezindlebe, ukunyakaza okungavamile umhlathi ngesikhathi kuvulwa (Zig-Zag), ephelezelwa Ukuchofoza crackles. Ngokuvamile kukhona ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga masticatory.
• Dislocation we ngokuhlanganyela. Libhekene ilungiselelo nemihlathi isihlobo komunye nomunye ephula ikhanda kanye displacement we disc ngokuhlanganyela, ubuhlungu lapho uvula, ukuchofoza.
• Ankylosis. Linganisa emhlathini ukunyakaza, okuyinto abangela ukulimala noma izifo ezithile. Ubovu yakha ingozi asymmetry ebusweni, caries ebanzi, malocclusion. In esigabeni eziphambili - ukulahlekelwa ephelele ukunyakaza.
• Musculo-articular ukungasebenzi. Owabonakaliswa ubuhlungu endlebeni nethempeli, akhuphukayo lapho ezihambayo ngokuhlanganyela, ukuchofoza , ivimbela emhlathini.

ukuhlola

izindlela zanamuhla kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga TMJ neziyaluyalu, okuvumela uphethwe yini. Phela, kuncike umphumela omuhle. Ukukhomba zonke izinkinga TMJ kanye nezixazululo, indlela yokunquma isifo kuhlanganisa yomtholampilo, radiographic, futhi izifundo sokusebenza. Ekuqaleni, lo dokotela uhlola umlomo, ihlaziye nesineke izikhalo. Lo msebenzi kwenziwa ngumuntu wamazinyo-wezifo zamathambo. Kwenza palpation kwemisipha masticatory, joint ngokwayo, ihlola amplitude motion emhlathini, uma kunzima.

indima enkulu ekutholeni isifo kudlala radiographs, lembula ushintsho letihlukile ngokuhlanganyela. Ngendlela efanele usaqala yesifo usebenzisa tomography ekhompyutha. Zonke elihlobene ne izinkinga TMJ futhi izixazululo wamazinyo ezaziwayo. Uma kudingekile, isiguli uthunyelwa zokubonisana kanye kuya wamathambo, endocrinology nezinye Ochwepheshe.

Izindlela yokwelashwa

Uma kunqunywa TMJ sifo, izinkinga nezisombululo zazo, ukwelashwa okusekelwe izincomo jikelele:

• Ukusetshenziswa ukudla elithambile ukuthi akudingi ukuhlafuna eside futhi olunzulu. Ukuhambisana umbuso ukuthula ngokuhlanganyela, ayikwazi ukuvula umlomo wakhe ububanzi.
• Fitizela ku isicelo izinkomba ezahlukene, abandayo - ukwehlisa ubuhlungu, efudumele - okudambisa ukucindezeleka futhi imisipha zibe.
• Ukuthola imithi ukuvuvukala kanye analgesic.
• Ukususwa kwezimiso kokucindezelwa ngokweqile kahle lapho olunywe amazinyo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa umklamo ekhethekile acrylic lokufakelwa kwezitho.
• Physiotherapy (electrophoresis, massage).
• Ukususwa ukungezwani kwemisipha (reception antispasmodics).
• Lapho Yiqiniso okungekuhle lesi sifo ngemva ukusetshenziswa zonke izindlela zokwelashwa kufanele iphendukele ukuhlinzwa. Ngu ubunjalo isifo udokotela uyophetha ngokuthi kufanele kube khona - ukulungiswa ngokuhlanganyela noma esikhundleni ephelele.

Kulula futhi ngokushesha ukwelapha TMJ disorder ngendlela efanele usaqala, ngakho musa ukuyiziba avele izimpawu. Ukwelashwa amafomu eziphambili lesi sifo ngezinye izikhathi ihlala kuze iminyaka eminingana.

arthrosis

Osteoarthritis icuphe izinguquko esiwohlozayo ezicutshini ngokuhlanganyela. Kubonakala ubuhlungu ezidabukile, khona umsindo nezingahlobene nendaba lapho ezihambayo emhlathini ukuzibamba ukuhamba alo ukuqina. ukwelashwa arthrosis kuhilela ukuba udokotela wamathambo (isib wokufakelwa), massage, ukuzivocavoca zokwelapha, athole ukwelashwa komzimba. amafomu Advanced osteoarthritis iphathwa kuphela ukuhlinzwa TMJ. Osteoarthritis, izinkinga nezisombululo ezihambisana naso, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela futhi inesisindo-ortodond wamazinyo ngaphambi kokunquma ukuhlinzwa kuyinto yokugcina.

Lesi sifo sivame uma kwabantu asebekhulile, ke ehlupheka kwesigamu sabantu bezwe jikelele. Esemncane kunethemba elincane ezivamile, ikakhulukazi abesifazane. Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu of arthrosis ingaba khona lwesifo samathambo esingelapheki, malocclusion, bruxism, ukuphatheka kabi kakhulu emhlathini ukuhlinzwa, izinqubo zamazinyo ubambe ayilungile (okungalungile kulungiselelwa noma sokwenziwa seal), kanye nezinye izinto eziningi (menopause kwabesifazane, yofuzo, njll). Ngokuba nokuvimbela occlusion Kunconywa ukulungiswa ukuqedwa esifike izifo ngomlomo ubambe sokwenziwa (noma kweminye imisebenzi amazinyo) ephezulu kuphela ikilasi uchwepheshe.

sokuqaqamba kwamalunga

Isifo Sokuqaqamba Kwamalunga - ukuvuvukala uqwanga ngokuhlanganyela benethuba yoma. Abantu abangaphezu singangena abadala asebavele rheumatoid arthritis nezinye amalunga omzimba. Futhi abangele sokuqaqamba kwamalunga angasebenza umuntu elimele, ukutheleleka (ezinjengomkhuhlane noma inkinga we namathansela ezingamahlalakhona), izifo kwamazinyo. izici ngodlame - izifo nokuvikeleka encishisiwe. Ngesikhathi ekuseni sokuqaqamba kwamalunga esiteji kwenzeka ngaphandle izimpawu.

Uphawu lokuqala, phambi bekulokhu zazo kakade kuyadingeka ukuba kulungiswe kudokotela - kuba ukungabi namizwa umhlathi ongezansi ekuseni. Ngemva kwakhe kukhona nezinye izimpawu - ezidabukile (noma sibi) ubuhlungu, imisindo nezingahlobene nendaba uma kususwa emhlathini (ukungqubuzana kwezingqimba ezinkulu, snap). Uma isifo samathambo esasesisibi kuwumphumela yokulimala, kuyoba ukuzibonakalisa ngokushesha ngemva ukulimala edema kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu kancane kancane usabalala entanyeni, ekhanda, ezindlebeni, nolimi.

Uma umuntu esola at TMJ samathambo, izinkinga nezisombululo zazo kufanele ngokushesha ukuxoxa nodokotela, ekuvimbeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwaleso sifo. Isimiso esikhulu ekwelapheni - ukuqinisekisa baxhashazwe ngokuhlanganyela, ukulungisa emhlathini ngo ngebhandeshi isihlilingi. Isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga kwanoma iyiphi omsakazo linqume Ama-anabolic steroid. ifomu ezithathelwanayo yokwelashwa akunakwenzeka ngaphandle antibiotic immunnostimulyatorov. sokuqaqamba kwamalunga Obungapheli, ukususa ukuvuvukala futhi ukusungula kwegazi.

ukungasebenzi

ukusebenza engafanele ngokuhlanganyela temporomandibular libizwa temporomandibular ukungasebenzi ngokuhlanganyela. Lesi sifo kuhambisana umsindo ngokucindezela lapho emhlathini kanye ukukhiya yayo ngesikhathi esifushane. Okunye ahlobene izimpawu ukungasebenzi - ubuhlungu ezindlebeni, iso endaweni, emhlathini (ngesikhathi ukuhlafuna noma Yawning) futhi izicubu ezithile ebusweni, ushintsho bite, nekhanda. Ngemva uxoxa nodokotela wakho uvele nezinkinga TMJ kanye nezixazululo, ukungasebenzi ezingelapheka ngandlela-thile, lapho uyoncoma onguchwepheshe. I zokwelapha ezilandelayo zikhona:

• ukuphatha izidakamizwa, nokususa spasm kwemisipha, ubuhlungu kwababulali ejenti eqeda ukuvuvukala;
• occlusion ukulungiswa ngokusebenzisa umklamo ekhethekile, ukuze kuqedwe ukufa kwabantu namazinyo nokugedla nemihuzuko babo yanda;
• kokuqhuba ukwelashwa ngokwengqondo ukuze nginciphise ukucindezeleka futhi muscle;
• uma Kunconywa udokotela ukwelashwa zehlulekile, ukuhlinzwa wenziwa phezu ngokuhlanganyela.

luxation

Dislocation we temporomandibular ngokuhlanganyela - lokhu kuqhela onke amathambo akhe, kwaphazamiseka ukusebenza evamile emhlathini. Ingabe amafomu acute (kuhlasimulise) futhi umkhuba. dislocation Obungapheli kwenzeka umthelela ephansi emhlathini, ukukhishwa izinyo kanye nomlenze wokufakelwa noma ngesikhathi ukuhlafuna, yawning noma ukukhala. kuphakama dislocation komkhuba kusukela fragility kwezibopho apharathasi articular, yokwakheka izici zayo. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ngokuzimela ukuxazulula ezisuka kusukela izinkinga TMJ. Futhi isinqumo ngale ndaba, kufanele athathe udokotela. Ukwelashwa Kwenziwa nokukhawulela emhlathini ukunyakaza usebenzisa izinto ezisebenzisa orthodontic. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa Physiotherapy nezidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala.