Territory yentuthuko kuqala. ku ezindaweni komthetho ukuthuthukiswa kuqala

Territory yentuthuko kuqala, okuzokwenziwa ezibalwe ngezansi, abe nomunye futhi umzamo ngu ubuholi wezwe indlela Chinese. Usikisela kumiswa izindawo ezikhethekile, okubizwa ngokuthi esitimela kwezomnotho. Ngokulandelako, cabangela kuyini insimu yentuthuko kuqala eRussia futhi yilokho kanye abakudingayo.

Imininingwane zomlando

Esikhathini 90 zokuqala uhulumeni ezihlongozwayo uhlu ezindaweni yentuthuko kuqala. Nokho, njengoba umlando ubonisa, basungula izinhlelo futhi awazange sezisebenza. Ngo-1991, umthetho waphasiswa lokulawula inflow of ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle emnothweni yasekhaya. Ukudla kwalo asethwe kwabanye Osomabhinizinisi bokufika izinzuzo ezithile. Ikakhulu, bacabanga inqubo lula ukubhalisa, encishisiwe entela, ukuqasha eside ngentengo ephansi, i-visa-free umbuso kanye nokwehla wamasiko imisebenzi. Kusukela ngo-1996, i-SEZs zadalwa kuleli zwe. Ngakho-ke, indawo ekhethekile kuqala wadalwa Kaliningrad esifundeni, kwesibili -. Ngo yaseMagadana. Uhlelo kuya ku 31 December 2014 lwakhiwe ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Nokho, ukuphumelela kokusebenza kwalo akukho. EzingamaGreki nazo zamukela le umthetho okusalungiswa zone ekhethekile ngaphakathi iBaikal-Amur ujantshi / d umugqa. Isiphetho uhlelo alwaziwa.

Ukuthuthukiswa lapho besanda kuqala

Izingxenye ekhethekile 17 wadala yimpumelelo ukuthi singabangane nje 6. Eziyinkinga kakhulu kwakungamadodana izindawo izivakashi. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngumqondisi jikelele JSC "Sez" Tretyakov, lokhu kwakubangelwa ngokungalungile ekhethiwe indlela. Eqinisweni nge lutho okuxoxwe zimali, wayengabhekiseli inikezwe ilungelo lokukhetha indawo ohlelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akwanele ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa kanye ne-port izindawo. Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka kubangelwa ukwenqena ezifundeni wahlanganyela ukukhuthazwa yabo.

round entsha

Naphezu kwezithiyo, ukuvela esishintshashintshayo ekhethekile baqhubeka. Okwamanje, ezinye Sez kungenzeka ukwandisa ezingeni lesifunda. I esishintshashintshayo ezikhethekile ithuluzi ngokwanele nezimo ngoba edonsa izimali ku emnothweni. Phakathi likaMengameli Medvedev ekuyi sika owaphasiswa, izihlinzeko okuyinto alawule ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza indawo ukuthuthukiswa esishintshashintshayo. Ngaleyondlela, kwakungemva umqondo omusha. ZTR iyingxenye mayelana nale ndaba, lapho izimo ezikahle ikhiqizwa zimali. Injongo esishintshashintshayo enjalo khulumela ukusheshisa izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kumiswa esifundeni. Ukudala isimo esivumayo kuhilela ukuhlinzekwa yesibonelelo sikahulumeni zimali. Nokho, walunguza Lwezinhlelo nesizotha ezingaphezu kuka kuhlongoziwe 1991 okusalungiswa. Ukuphathwa kwalezi zindawo kumele kwenziwe ekuphathweni kwakhiwa ngokukhethekile. Manje ezifundeni 20 esungulwe ZTR.

umzamo wesine

Kwelinye izinkulumo zakhe kuSigungu Federal, uMongameli Putin ezihlongozwayo ukudalwa insimu yentuthuko kuqala. Uhlu izindawo ezikhona, wanezela omunye ezindaweni eduze. Umongameli waqokomisa esu. Ikakhulukazi, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, wathi, hola ibanga kusuka endaweni eziphambili ukuthuthukiswa isikhungo - Ekude. Ezinye zezindawo yokutshala izimali, umongameli futhi ngokuthi eSiberia, ikakhulu, Khakassia futhi Krasnoyarsk Krai. Inhloko isimo futhi ezihlongozwayo izimo, ngenxa lapho inkululeko nentuthuko eziphambili kwendawo kuyoba ezikhangayo ukuze zimali. Ikakhulukazi, kodwa kwavele kwaba yize oneminyaka emihlanu intela amaholide, ngesilinganiso ukuncipha iminikelo umshwalense, lula inqubo amasiko imvume, amandla endawo, ukuthola imvume yokwakha isakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ajenda ecacile kumele ithuthukiswe, ngeke abasebenza ngaphansi kwazo endaweni ukuthuthukiswa eziphambili. Far East kudinga ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda ahlobene. Lo msebenzi luzoqala ngezithukuthuku isiKhwama abafanele.

Uyini umehluko phakathi Sez futhi phezulu?

Territory yentuthuko kuqala, ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo, has a isimo ehlukile kunaleyo zone ekhethekile. Akuvunyelwe ukudalwa ezindaweni ezifana endaweni yakithi efanayo. Njengoba ukungezwani okunjalo. indawo yentuthuko eziseqhulwini Sez abuzange. Kuphela, mhlawumbe, umehluko kubhekwe njengento isikhathi ukusebenza. Ngakho, iminyaka engu-20 kufanele benze endaweni ekhethekile iminyaka engu-12 - insimu yentuthuko kuqala.

Bill: ekuhlaziyeni

isenzo sayo okubhekiswe ekusunguleni umbuso zomthetho ukuze ezindaweni okukhulunywa ngalo. izinyathelo zokulawula ukusekela amabhizinisi ezikhonjwe zimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zoMthetho Federal "On ezindaweni yentuthuko kuqala" ulawula zonke ezinye ubudlelwano ezithinta lezi zindawo.

definition emithetho

Territory yentuthuko kuqala - yisici Ekude, lapho umbuso ekhethekile zomthetho semisebenzi ebhizinisi kanye nezinye. Ukwakheka kule ndawo owenziwa amabhajethi yombuso kanye lendawo, kanye neminye imithombo. isenzo normative usungula inqubo ekhethekile ukuze kwakhiwe insimu yentuthuko kuqala. Territory Primorsky kuyinto isimo ekhethekile. Ngokusho kwalo kunqunywa ngesimo esingokomthetho izakhamuzi imininingwane ibhizinisi labo kanye neminye imisebenzi.

umbuso kwezomthetho

ku amasimu igunya umthetho ukuthuthukiswa usungula:

• amazinga noku ka iqashwe.
• I-oda ekhethekile yokusetshenziswa komhlaba.
• Intela umshwalense izinzuzo.
• amalungiselelo akhethekile ukulawula kukahulumeni, kweso kamasipala.
• impatho engcono ukuxhuma ezihlukahlukene ingqalasizinda.
• Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza ekhethekile emphakathini.
• Ukusetshenziswa a khulula amasiko endaweni umbuso.
• The kungenzeka edonsa isisekelo oyithandayo futhi okufinyeziwe kwabasebenzi angaphandle onekhono.
• Ukusetshenziswa iziqondiso sanitary lobuchwepheshe elandela isibonelo kakhulu athuthukile-OECD amazwe.

ama-apharathasi zokuphatha

ku ezindaweni komthetho ukuthuthukiswa igunya sisungula amandla athile ukuze zikahulumeni. Phakathi ezifundeni kumele enze ekhethekile ukubulawa amayunithi kanye nezinye izitho (FTS, mes, Wezangaphakathi nokunye). Through ukusungulwa inqubo ekhethekile izokwenyuka izinga jikelele ukuphatha le ndawo kulandela isibonelo esishintshashintshayo ezifanayo nakwamanye amazwe.

izinzuzo

Kusukela 2014 e-esifundeni sase-Irkutsk, iBaikal, eMpumalanga Ekude futhi Buryatia wasungula intela umbuso ekhethekile. Ukwehliswa kwentela yengeniso kwakuhlelwa 7% yentela ngemali engenayo - engaze ibe yishumi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele ukuthatha zero lokugcina eminyakeni yokuqala emihlanu. Nokho, kulesi simo, ochwepheshe baye baphawula kwabaningi yabangela nezimpikiswano. Ikakhulukazi, Medvedev ekuyi bakhomba intela umbuso ekhethekile, okwakumelwe okuhloswe ngaso inkanuko-non-uwoyela nokuthengiswa. Inani izinyathelo zikahulumeni, esikhundleni salokho, abathintekayo intela ku isizinda ayoni futhi nonferrous ore metal, amalahle kanye igolide. Okwamanje, akuyona isiqondiso olulodwa. Lokhu kudala amathuba imisebenzi "amaqembu abakhuluma kuzwakale".

Ukudluliswa amabhizinisi

Ngemva Medvedev ekuyi wamemezela eqinisa Minvostokrazvitiya igunya, ejensi, sibambe ithuba ahlinzekwa ukuze uthumele endaweni ethile ye isimo zonke amasheya Isikhwama on ukuthuthukisa iBaikal futhi Far Eastern izifunda. Eqinisweni, it uba ephethwe Vnesheconombank. Ngakho, ukudluliswa kwamasheya kwakuzosho kuphela kabusha kwezinsiza. Nokho, Ministry esebeké phambili isiphakamiso kumiswa izikhungo ezengeziwe. Ikakhulukazi, baxoxa mayelana JSC "eMpumalanga Ekude", i ezizimele inhlangano engenzi inzuzo "ukusekela Agency nokuthengiswa kanye nokutshalwa edonsa eliseMpumalanga Ekude", kanye Ano "Agency Workforce Development." Ngenxa yalokho, kanye kuvalwa okuhlongozwayo zone ekhethekile kwezomnotho Magadan esifundeni kanye Sovgavan ku laseKhabarovsk, omunye ungaphawula displacement koMnotho ensimini ka-Far East. izinsiza Iyatholakala kanjalo siyobe bagxila ezandleni Minvostokrazvitiya.

Umthamo izimali kanye umsebenzi

Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa esifundeni eMpumalanga Ekude kudinga ruble yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 3.3. Lesi sibalo isethelwe kwesikhathi kuze kufinyelele 2020. Kule ruble engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-170. kuhlelwe ukuba abelwe 2014. Ochwepheshe kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni umzabalazo izimali ezibekelwe maphakathi sikahulumeni. Uhulumeni kakhulu efanayo ukhetha ukuphola Minvostokrazvitiyu. Nokho, ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu eziphethwe uhulumeni cishe awufuni ke. Omunye izinyathelo kuhlelwe umusa ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi wamabhizinisi owodwa umkhakha amadolobha. Ikakhulu, libhekisela nabasebenzi AvtoVAZ. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubambezeleka sivela zempi abantu Ekude izakhamuzi abaye bathuthela khona.

okutholakele

Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi, ngokusho kongoti, ku incarnation zonke noma okungenani iningi izinyathelo ezihlongozwayo eMpumalanga Ekude ndawo ingase iphenduke ezahlukene ngokuyinhloko kusukela lonke insimu ka ibe nesimo esibalulekile zokuphatha kanye intela. Abanye ochwepheshe baze bathi eMpumalanga Ekude kungenzeka fanekiso eHong Kong. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izobe ukusebenza umkhuba, akucacile. Okwamanje, hhayi ngisho izimfanelo lodumo ukuze ofana welithi "ezweni elilodwa - izinhlelo ezimbili". Abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi indawo ukuthuthukiswa eziphambili angahlali izinhlelo, efana amaphrojekthi kazwelonke, kabili GDP nezinye izinhlelo ezinganeni.

Imibono neziphakamiso

Njengoba kuphawuliwe M. Abizov, uhulumeni wombuso uhlose zincintisane ezindaweni elalisanda kumiswa ukuthuthukiswa kuqala Korea, eJapan futhi China. Emhlanganweni Ministry wethula umqondo omusha lenhlangano kokuthola extra-kwesabelomali zimali Trans-iBaikal esifundeni kanye neMpumalanga Ekude. Umhlangano futhi ososayensi. Bacela ukungifundela ngcono ukuthuthukiswa ukuhlola, ukwakha imishini nokunye. Omunye iziphakamiso labacwaningi kwathathwa njengosongo cishe wamavukelambuso. Ikakhulukazi, ososayensi bakhuluma ngokumiswa izimali esifundeni Ekude naseSiberia, angathathwa bagxila ukuze 20-25% wezindleko ukuthekelisa nomholo izinto zokusetshenziswa ekhishwe, ngaphandle kukhulunywa yayo "isikhungo." Lo mbono ezashiwo Vladislav Inozemtsev. Kamuva yaphinde phambili emhlanganweni kahulumeni Igor Slyunyaev (yiNdvuna Development Regional). Ochwepheshe base ngokuphelele walungisiswa kuqashelwe ukuthi yesu umqondo amaphepha Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinhlelo zokuxhasa imisebenzi. Cerda nezinye iziphakamiso Enkonzweni Development Regional siye samenyezelwa ngenjongo yokuthuthukisa inethiwekhi zokuthutha, yini okufanele yabelwe ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-300. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakwa abaholi bakahulumeni ngasondelana kanye Magadan Region. Ngakho, kwahlongozwa ukuba akhe port ice-free on insimu yalo (e Providence Bay noma Magadan). Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuqaleni Ministry of Transport ukulungiselela izichibiyelo ezidingekayo ukuze izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Tax Code. Kufanele banikele isinxephezelo izindleko port opharetha, oyokuba esimweni ukwakhiwa port angabanjwa, kuyashesha kakhulu ekuphatheni kwezimpahla.

Ekuphetheni

Naphezu kweziphazamiso langaphambilini, namuhla uhulumeni uthi inhloso ecacile ukuba sethembeke kuye. entsha ezindaweni Mthetho usadinga ngcono. Nokho, kakade ichaza izici eziyisisekelo ezihlobene ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza okwalandela lezizigaba. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo umsebenzi ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi ngqo Ekude. Kumele okuhloswe ngayo ukugqugquzela nasekusekeleni izinyathelo zomphakathi. Ngo nokubambisana kwazo zonke neminyango ethintekayo kanye zezinkonzo, amabhizinisi kanye izakhamuzi maningi amathuba okuba baphumelele esikhathini esifushane. The main msebenzi namuhla, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, ilungiselelo sabantu ubhekwa umsebenzi. Ukufeza lezinhloso kubalulekile ukudala izimo best zokusebenza izitshalo ezintsha futhi ekhona. Ungase udinge ukusungula ezengeziwe isimo eziqinisekisiwe sabantu.