Stoma - Iyini? stoma emathunjini. Ostomy Ukunakekela

imithi yesimanje inikeza ezihlukahlukene izindawo ukuze asindise ukuphila kwesiguli. Kodwa kuze kube manje, kukhona izindlela ezaziwa kusukela abelaphi basendulo zokwelapha. Omunye wabo phakathi nenqubo yokuhlinzwa, okuthiwa "stoma". Kuyini, lokho kungubufakazi njengoba labetibambile - konke lokhu uyofunda lobekufanele kwentiwe kulelo viki. Ngokukhethekile kwabuye ukuba unakekelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene ostomy, njengoba manipulations ngokuvamile enjalo kwenziwe ekhaya, futhi izinga nethonya lazo inqubo yokwelapha.

I stomirovaniya umqondo kwezokwelapha

Stoma - kuyini in the ukuhlinzwa? Lena imbobo ekhethekile ukukhiqiza nesineke kuhlinzwa ngezizathu zezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile ukuchitha stoma wamathumbu, isinye, okungenani - uqhoqhoqho. Uyini stoma? Le hole, eyabika umzimba eziphukile eziyize nokuba ipayipi yangaphandle noma tube ukuze kulesetayelekile isimo lesiguli emva kokuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinto. Ukusebenza obujwayelekile kumiswa izimbobo komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu. Kulokhu, inkomba ukususa amathumbu stomirovaniyu (noma ingxenye yalokho).

Stoma - lokhu kungokwesikhashana noma ukuphila, kubhekwa ukuthi isimo esinjalo lomuntu zikhutshaziwe? ukuvulwa Artificial akubhekwa isifo futhi ngokwalo akuyona isizathu ukukhubazeka, ngoba abazi ukuvala amathuba ukuphila okugcwele. Abaqeqeshelwe ukusetshenziswa ileostomy efanele noma amanye amadivaysi ukunakekelwa stoma, umuntu ngeke akwazi ngokugcwele ukusebenza, bafunde, ukudlala imidlalo, ukwakha umndeni. Kodwa ngokuvamile kuba ubufakazi stomirovaniyu kukhona zokugula sina, okuholela ekukhubazekeni kanye amathuba elilinganiselwe isiguli.

Stomirovanie lungaba olwesikhashana, isibonelo, ukusebenza ezifana Kwenziwa ukuze kuzolungiswa nesineke emva kokuhlinzwa noma okunzima izifo ukuthi wephule eyohlinzwa outputting kohlelo. Ngemva ukubuyiselwa kahle imisebenzi stoma angasuswa surgically. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, isibonelo, ngemuva ukususwa stoma emathunjini - isimo ezidingekile imisebenzi evamile kubalulekile isiguli.

izinkomba stomirovaniyu

I izinkomba ukuhlinzwa ezibhekwa stomirovaniya yesifo azalwa naso, ukuhlukumezeka, ukuhlinzwa, okuholele ekususweni okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwezitho excretory. Ngakho, ukuhlinzwa evamile kuyaphazamiseka izinhlelo obonakele. Stoma kusiza ukubuyisela imisebenzi yemvelo emzimbeni. Kwezinye izimo kunesidingo ukususwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwamathumbu, esinyeni kanye kuqhoqhoqho ngemva edinga ekwakhiweni ukuvuleka yokufakelwa:

1. indawo Okokuqala kuyinto umdlavuza kwazo lezi zitho, okuholela ukuhlinzwa ukhishwe izicubu.
2. Ukulimala.
3. Non-ethize kanye nesifo ischemic.
4. Incontinence.
5. Kushisa bhé kule ndawo futhi ukubhujiswa zamakhemikhali.
6. Ezinye izifo ezephula ukusebenza nokuqinisekisa.

Kungaba ezinhlobo ezahlukene, bobunjwa nobukhulu stoma. Kuyini lokhu? Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa i fistula yokufakelwa emathunjini.

izinhlobo ostomy

Stoma iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi emkhakheni ukuhlinzwa:

• gastrostomy;
• Emathunjini: ileostomy, ipayipi lokukhipha indle;
• tracheostomy;
• epitsistostoma.

Ubujamo ayizindunduma futhi nabokhulumile. Kukhona owodwa emgqonyeni izibhamu futhi. Kuye isikhathi ukusetshenziswa: lesikhashana unomphela.

Ngokwezibalo, kaningi kunezinye izinhlobo ezivamile stoma emathunjini.

Uhlobo ngalunye ekwakhiweni kuyahluka imodi isimiso isinyathelo futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kanye nokuvuselelwa kwenkathi ethile.

Tracheostomy: izinkomba, ikakhulukazi

Tracheostoma - kuyinto ukuvulwa eyayenziwe wadala entanyeni ngokudla ngamapayipi projecting okuyinto efakwe ukuze zikwazi ukuzala obonakele imisebenzi bulimaza imigudu yokuphefumula kubantu. Lapho ukwephula umgudu wokuphefumula, akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa umoya umkhiqizo isenzo isiguli ngokuvamile erhabekileko ukuziphatha stomirovanie kuqhoqhoqho.

Lokhu stoma - a eziyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho emfundweni ubuhlengikazi. Inikeza eningi kabi indoda. Ikakhulukazi uma usetha zonke. Vula yomoya lula lula Ukungena amagciwane namagciwane, okuyinto kuholela ezihlukahlukene izifo futhi kunciphisa jikelele komuntu ezifweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yokufakelwa "kuqhoqhoqho" hhayi moisturizes futhi lifudumeza emoyeni imuncwe, nakho kunomthelela Ukungena izifo kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula izinga emoyeni imuncwe kusukela ngaphandle kuyadingeka - ukuqapha ngokucophelela izinga lokushisa komoya endlini lapho isiguli itholakala. Ukuze humidification zisebenzisa apparatuses ekhethekile noma isetshenziswa ebusweni ezimanzi izicubu tracheostomy tube, ukushintsha Indwangu njengoba seyomile.

Isiguli ayikwazi wahlanganyela kwezemidlalo asebenzayo, ngibhukuda (ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamanzi). Noma yimuphi, ngisho amanzi amancane ngokufaka tube kungaholela ukuboshwa zokuphefumula.

I tracheal stoma - kungcono phakade? Ngokuvamile. Njalo, kungaba kuphela endabeni ukususwa uqhoqhoqho (okuyinto ezingavamile), noma ukungakwazi ephelele yomuntu ukuphefumula ngesikhathi osithandayo, lapho isimo esinjalo lungekho ngaphansi ngelashwa.

tracheostomy lesikhashana setha ngesikhathi operation kuhlinzwa ukuphakela izinzwa, uma ngezinye izindlela ukuze afeze izinzwa engenakwenzeka.

Ukunakekela tracheostomy

Tracheostomy kudinga ukunakekelwa njalo efanele:

1. Njalo emahoreni ambalwa tube yangaphandle kufanele wageza nge isixazululo sodium hydrogen carbonate (4%) I-degumming izinsalela kusuka ngaphakathi komgodi.
2. Ukuvimbela kumiswa isikhumba ukuvuvukala izifo kumelwe athathe ingxenye emhlabeni traheosomy. Ukuze wenze lokhu ebhodweni oswakanyiswe ukotini amabhola isixazululo furatsilina. Khona-ke, usebenzisa udlawana wesula isikhumba sabo ezungeze tracheostoma. Khona-ke isicelo zinc wamafutha noma unamathisele Lassara. Ukunqunywa ukucutshungulwa uphela usula oyinyumba. Ukubeka amabhandeshi usimende.
3. Ngezikhathi, kutuswa ncela okuqukethwe kuqhoqhoqho, njengoba inani iziguli nge tracheostomy bengayi ecacile ngokugcwele emphinjeni wakhe, okuholela yokujama tsi ka isikhwehlela futhi, ngenxa yalokho, nobunzima bokuphefumula. Ukuze zokukhwabanisa enjalo isiguli kufanele ahlale embhedeni bese ubamba imanuwali esifubeni compressions. Thela ngokusebenzisa tube kuqhoqhoqho 1 ml sodium Bicarbonate (2%) kuya liquefaction ka isikhwehlela. Khona-ke udinga ukubeka tracheobronchial ipayipi tube. Ngu anamathisela ukuncela ekhethekile, asuse isikhwehlela we kuqhoqhoqho.

ukunakekelwa kahle stoma kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuhlukumeza imisebenzi yayo kungaholela ukuboshwa zokuphefumula.

gastrostomy

Gastrostomy lisuselwa endaweni besisu umsoco womuntu ezimweni lapho isiguli singenakukwazi ukwenza ukudla kwazo. Ngakho, ijovwe ukudla liquid noma-semi ketshezi ngqo esiswini. Ngokuvamile lokhu isimo sesikhashana, ezifana yokulimala kabi futhi esikhathini postoperative. Ngakho-ke gastrostomy ezimweni ezingajwayelekile kungaba unomphela. Lapho ubuyisela umsebenzi self-ukwamukelwa gastrostomy ukudla ivaliwe surgically.

Indlela kahle ukunakekela gastrostomy?

Isisu stoma - kunjalo nje, kwezinye izimo, isethi? Ngu ephoqelela kwangaphandle gastrostomy etholakala iraba tube, elakhelwe zokuthuthwa kokudla esiswini. Uma udla uphondo ifakwe ukuze kube lula, futhi ngezikhathi phakathi ukudla aboshezelwa ipayipi intambo noma iphini.

Lapho gastrostomy Inhloso eyinhloko ekwelapheni ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba emhlabeni ukuvulwa ukuvimbela isikhumba ukuvuvukala, inabukeni amawala, kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Ingxenye esikhumbeni azungeze stoma ekuqaleni kusetshenzwe furatsilina isixazululo usebenzisa ukotini amabhola kanye esebenzisa, bese utshwala. Khona-ke ezigcotshwe wamafutha aseptic. Uqeda ukunqunywa amabhandeshi.

Epitsistostoma: izinkomba, ukunakekelwa

Epitsistoma okukhiphayo kusukela kwesinye kuya besisu odongeni ebusweni usebenzisa ipayipi ekhethekile. Izimpawu I-zokukhwabanisa sinjalo ukungakwazi isiguli ukuchama zemvelo ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Kube epitsistostomy lesikhashana unomphela.

Kudinga ukuqapha okukhethekile a stoma ezinjalo. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Uyabakhathalela epitsistostomoy kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi: kumelwe bakwazi hhayi kuphela ukuhlanza ipayipi futhi banakekele isikhumba bazungeza, kodwa futhi ukugeza esinyeni bese ushintsha isikhwama. Ngakho-ke kungcono uma lezo zinqubo kuzokwenziwa umhlengikazi noma umhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe.

Epitsistoma wethula ezinye zihibe imisebenzi ebalulekile lesiguli. Ngakho, isiguli is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba ukubhukuda, ukudlala ezemidlalo, kube isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi.

Kuyadingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukuhlanzeka ipayipi, futhi endaweni isikhumba nxazonke. Kabili ngosuku, isikhumba kufanele wageza ngensipho namanzi, kanye tube yangaphandle kanye isikhwama - njengoba odla.

Kubalulekile ukuqapha nangohlobo lwezinto kwekhabhoni. Kufanele kube khona ubomvu negazi - ne izimpawu ezinjalo kufanele aluthole usizo oluphuthumayo. Lo mbono uphinde udinge iseluleko kuchwepheshe uma okwandisa izinga lokushisa emzimbeni wesiguli, ivolumu umchamo ukunciphisa, ukushintsha umbala walo, umonakalo noma ukuphazamiseka ipayipi kwesimo sabo, khona aphansi ubuhlungu besisu.

stoma emathunjini: Izinhlobo

stoma emathunjini - kunjalo nje, yiziphi izinhlobo akhona? Lolu hlobo ukuvulwa ubizwa nangokuthi "esiswini yokufakelwa". Setha lapho ukwephulwa umzimba elihambisana ngemva ukuhlinza ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho emathunjini isusiwe, noma ingxenye yayo. Kulokhu, it is abe stoma unomphela. Futhi, isibonelo, ngemva kokususwa umbhunu, okwaholela ekuhlulekeni komzimba ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo excretion fecal ngokwemvelo odokotela abahlinzayo stomirovanie ukwenza ngokwemvelo yesikhashana.

Qalisa odongeni kwamathumbu kapopopo ngokuthi ipayipi lokukhipha indle. A amancane - iliostoma. Ngaphandle zombili izinhlobo kuthiwa ngokukhishwa kuya phambi besisu odongeni ingxenye emathunjini. Lokhu stoma - a fistula ngesimo rosettes, okuyinto efakwe ngaphandle ipayipi lokukhipha indle izikhwama.

Ukuze uvimbele yezinkinga post-op futhi ukusabalala iphunga stoma emathunjini azidingi ukunakekelwa njalo.

Indlela anakekele stoma emathunjini?

stoma emathunjini kanengi ukudlula e nezinye izinhlobo, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa yezinkinga ezihambisana ngokunakekela okungafanele. Ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwa yiningi, ipayipi lokukhipha indle izikhwama kufanele zishintshwe kuphela uma kunesidingo, njengoba izinguquko njalo kuholela ukucasuka futhi kwadala umonakalo stoma futhi indawo ezungeze umgodi. Kuye uhlobo stoma izikhwama kufanele ukulishintsha njalo ezifana:

• odnokomponentoy lapho okuqukethwe ohlelweni ifinyelele nengxenye noma ukungaphatheki nesineke babevela nesamukeli isikhwama;
• lapho ezimbili ingxenye uhlelo kokokunamathisela plate ishiywa izinsuku 3.

Ngqo esikhwameni ukuthola izingubo fecal ngesikhathi sokuzikhulula. Ngemva kwalokho, ake wasusa, stoma isilonda is bahlanza ngensipho namanzi, ezomile napkins wesula. Khona-ke izidakamizwa nivame "Stomageziv" futhi emathunjini mucosa - ongahluziwe jelly ukuvimbela ngokuhlaziya. indwangu okubekwe, eligoqiwe izingqimba eziningana, fixed usimende ngebhandeshi, bese wembatha izingubo zangaphansi. Ukunakekela stoma - ebalulekile ekululameni kwesiguli.

yezinkinga

Izinkinga emva kokuhlinzwa stomirovaniya - isimo kuvamile impela. ukuhlinzwa Stoma kudinga ukugadwa ngokucophelela wezokwelapha kanye ukunakekelwa efanele. Yiziphi izinkinga ezingadaleka lapho kuphakama, nendlela yokubhekana futhi zingaphinde, sihlolisise:

1. dermatitis Okolostomny (isikhumba ukucasuka). I ukucasuka singenzeka ngenxa yokulungiswa okungafanele, lungafanelekile nezidakamizwa, eqinisa ipayipi ayilungile. Kukhona evutha, ukulunywa, ukuqubuka.
2. Ukopha kusukela ukuvuleka yokufakelwa kungahle kubangelwe ukuhlukumezeka kuya mucosa noma ipayipi tube. Ngokuvamile, lezi izilonda musa abangele odokotela ukukhathazeka futhi lwahlolwa ngokuzimela. Kodwa uma ukopha kuwukweqisa futhi akagcini amahora ambalwa, zidinga usizo kokulashwa okusheshayo.
3. Ukuhoxiswa kwesimangalo se-(stoma retracts ngaphakathi). isimo esinjalo kwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa ileostomy, kanye izingxenye elingaphandle tube ipayipi. ukunakekelwa Complicated futhi isikhumba. Kufanele uthintane onguchwepheshe.
4. Stenosis (ukuvaleka emgodini). Uma stoma is ayisesemikhulu ukuba kangangokuthi imisebenzi yayo i- (hhayi ihlolwe ne indle noma emathunjini stoma ecinene lapho tracheostomy), ukungenela kuhlinzwa kuyadingeka. Olugcwele emgodini kungenxa izinqubo ukuvuvukala.
5. Ukulahlekelwa stoma emathunjini ngoba ngamasentimitha ambalwa akwephuli imisebenzi yayo futhi akuphazamisi isimo lesiguli. Kodwa zikhona amacala ukulahlekelwa ephelele. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka uma iyakhula kokuvivinya umzimba, ukukhwehlela. Kuye isimo kungenziwa prolapsed stoma kwesokudla siqu. Nge ukulahlekelwa njalo kufanele kudokotela.

Stoma - akusona isifo, kodwa, nokho, i-lowomuntu ekulesosimo idinga ukwelashwa ngokucophelela nokunakekela. Bobabili stoma lesikhashana unomphela zidinga ukuhambisana nemiyalelo wezokwelapha. Khetha indlela ukunakekelwa letiphakanyisiwe professional uhlobo, ukuma namabanga, njengoba nje udokotela ohlinzayo kungacacisa ukuthi uhlobo olunjani umamukeli bese ipayipi, ayinhlama namafutha zizosebenza kakhulu futhi ukhululekile isiguli endabeni ethile yezokwelapha. Lapho ekhetha, cabanga ngobukhulu kanye nohlobo imbobo, injongo yayo, uhlobo isikhumba, propensity lesiguli komzimba, nezinye izinto eziningi ezihlobene nawo. Ingabe akazibekanga - ukulalela uya khona onguchwepheshe.