Stendhal: Biography kanye nomsebenzi. amaqiniso ethakazelisayo

Sinikeza ngijwayele impilo kanye nomsebenzi we umbhali omkhulu. Indalo yabo igunyaza lo "Stendhal". Biography omlobi, efana emsebenzini wakhe, abaningi banesithakazelo namuhla. Nokho, akubona bonke uyazi ukuthi igama lakhe langempela kwaba Marie Anri Beyl. Umlobi wazama ngezinye izikhathi ukuthatha isihloko kwamadoda asebukhosini, ngokuvamile ngemvume ngokuthi "Anri De Beyle." Mhlawumbe Ngingathanda ziye zakwenza lokho, futhi Zhyulen Sorel, hero odumile inoveli yakhe.

Umsuka Stendhal

Nokubusa ngobunxiwankulu umkhaya oqinile weza Stendhal, ogama biography kubonakala emisebenzini azidalile. E Grenoble, ehhovisi umthetho, uyise wakhonza. Ngo 1783 wazalwa umbhali esizayo. Unina washona eminyakeni 7 kamuva, kokushiya imfundo kayise nomalumekazi Seraphic indodana yakhe. Stendhal wazonda kokubili. Uyise wayengumGreki hypochondriac, ungumuntu olukhuni; abanaluzwela. Stendhal ukweletwa imfundo yakhe ekuseni kubapristi. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-isizathu esiyinhloko anti-clericalism yakhe. Esikhathini ngxabano wakhe abaholi uyise nezingokomoya kwakhiwa umlingisi somlobi.

Nobuntu Stendhal

narcissistic kakhulu, ngokuphamazela, ebucayi, ezibucayi futhi inzuzo nobuqotho Stendhal. Umlando wakhe hhayi kuphela izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo empilweni yakho, kodwa futhi emhlabeni kwangaphakathi somlobi. Labo abamaziyo kahle, abantu, wathi wayeyinkosi onezimfihlo uyakuthanda enomunyu futhi ubumfihlo. Stendhal waba umphefumulo mncane futhi abasengozini. Inzondo dlova kwaba esinye sezici eziyinhloko bobuntu bakhe. Kulesi Stendahl akaboni ukunyakaza wenkululeko. Yena besho nokusho ukuthi le Carbonari futhi wayesiza ngisho nasekufakeni kubo, kodwa akazange akholelwe ukuthi umsebenzi wabo ngeke nemiphumela emihle. Kwakungekho ubunye phakathi zisebenzi zasemayini yamalahle: ezinye ngiphuphe republic, enye ifuna ukubona kwamakhosi kuleli zwe.

Ezemfundo ngesikhathi Central School kanye nesikhathi abasichitha Paris

Uyisemkhulu kwabakhulelwe, udokotela oqeqeshiwe, wakhuthaza uthando lwakhe izincwadi. Wayeyindoda nge zizwakale kahle wobuciko. Lapho Stendhal engu-13 ubudala, wathunyelwa lokuyofunda Central School, elalisendlini Grenoble. Lapha-ke ihlukile kakhulu kwi-mathematics. Waze wabikezela ukuqeqeshwa ngesikhathi Paris ecole Polytechnique unjiniyela. Ngo 1799, kufika Stendhal, ngosuku emva kombuso, ngemva kwalokho Napoleon waba umbusi wawo France. Bayle, akhohlwe inhloso ukuthola ubungcweti unjiniyela, wagijimela ngekhanda ku adventure eyayinayo kubambile lizwe. Daru, umzala ezikude umbhali esizayo, kamuva owaba UNobhala woMbuso, kwaba lohloniphekayo nge Napoleon. Wenzé lwesikhundla isonto Stendhal, asithatha endlunkulu wezempi. Nokho, lo msebenzi kakhulu boring ngaye. Young uHenry, ngubani nje neminyaka engu-17 ubudala, unyaka ozayo wathola subleytenanta ulwazi. Wathunyelwa Italy. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho wabekwa ibutho French.

Life e-Italy

Beyle lutho ngalokhu kuleli zwe, okwaba ikhaya lakhe lesibili kwalokho, kanye yesigameko omunye edume kakhulu futhi makhulu kunawo wonke amanoveli akhe. Boy bayahlonishwa wonke lapha: Correggio imidwebo, umculo Cimarosa, opera Italy. Ubumnene-Italian, wathola ezikhangayo. Wayebonakala kuye ukuba bazimisele kakhudlwana, inkanuko, kanye kancane ophucukile kuka-French. Italy, ikakhulukazi Milan neRoma, owawuthandwa kakhulu Bailey, waze wafuna dweba lamagama ethuneni lakhe kubhalwe ukuthi bakhe: ". Enrico Beyle, Milanese" Beyle wathandana besifazane bendawo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ekuphileni kwakhe kwangasese isibe indaba ikakhulukazi ezamehlela yokubonisana uthando.

inkonzo yomphakathi

eminyakeni eyalandela kwakumane ekhuthele kakhulu. Stendhal, biography kanye lokusungula esiphila Sikhathazekile, e 1806 futhi wangenela inkonzo, ukuthatha okuthunyelwe zokuphatha matasa French Brunswick. Lapha waqala ukufunda isi-German. Stendhal yatholwa emphakathini okuhle kahle. Hlonipha labo ayephakathi kwabo, wajabula kuye, kepha yena ngaphuthelwa oda. Beyle kamuva amabanga amade Austria naseJalimane. Wathunyelwa Vienna umsebenzi wabo uhulumeni. Waphinde waya iRussia ngemva kombusi. ERussia Bayle wafakaza Borodino kanye Battle of Smolensk. Uma elapho, wayeya umlilo eMoscow. Wabe zinhlanga ziye eNtshonalanga Yurophu okwesikhashana, kanye ibutho French. umbuso sikaNapoleon kwawa inkundla, futhi Bayle kwesokunxele France lapho Paris wawa. Waqaphela ukuthi yaphela umsebenzi wakhe emibuthanweni uhulumeni.

Ukubuyela umsebenzi wokubhala

Isimo manje ugijima Bourbons. Beyle wabuyela umsebenzi etemibhalo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi Frederick Stendhal. Biography emfushane yobudala bakhe kuphawulwa nokudalwa kwemisebenzi eminingi. Kubhalwa esikhatsini 1820s, imisebenzi yakhe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona lo Umlandvomphilo of bomculo ezinkulu (ngo-1817 - incwadi ethi "The Life of uHaydn, Mozart kanye Metastasio", ngo-1824 - "The Life of Rossini"); futhi indatshana ka 1812 "Mayelana Uthando"; futhi "Umlando Painting e-Italy", ebhalwe ngo-1817; futhi "Ukuhamba eRoma" ngo-1829.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eyanyatheliswa ngo omagazini naseParis izihloko ezehlukene. Lona umlando ezifingqiwe Stendhal le minyaka. Kusukela imisebenzi uyinqaba kwakuxhomeke ukuphila kwakhe eFrance, e-England nase-Italy.

Ukuhumusha Civitavecchia

Ukuze sobukhosi ngo-1830, kwakhiwa Lui filipp, inkosi-wobunxiwankulu. Manje ngaphambi Stendhal sekungenzeka futhi ukwenza inkonzo yomphakathi. Khona-ke, ngo-1830, waba inxusa e Trieste. Lapha neziphathimandla Austrian ungathandi kwaba nedumela lakhe olukhulu. Stendhal wayiswa States kapapa e Civitavecchia. Yasho amaholo nesizotha kunakuqala. Kodwa lapha kwaba ngebanga lokuphonsa itshe kusuka ozithandayo kweRoma.

Ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo impilo nokuphila Stendhal

Kafushane, sakhuluma ngokuthi kungani Stendhal kwadingeka ukuba axazulule ngokuba consulship, ngokuba kude nasekhaya. Lizogqunywa ukuthi isikhundla kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, ngisho noma ngokuvamile kwadingeka ahambe isikhathi eside ngenxa yempilo ebuthaka. Ngenxa kuye, wayeyoba ngokuvamile ukuthatha iholidi eside, wabuyela ekhaya. Omunye wabo eyathatha iminyaka emithathu (kusuka 1836 kuya 1839). nzima ngokukhethekile iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila omlobi. Ngisho ebusheni bakhe wayekade izinkontileka ugcunsula. Lokhu ukugula lazenza wazizwa ubuthakathaka kanye nokungakwazi ukusebenza ngokugcwele.

Inoveli "Olubomvu Black" futhi "Red and White"

inoveli "I Olubomvu nokubhujiswa Black" sidaliwe ngonyaka odlule wokubusa Charles X. Ngo-1831, ngesikhathi kukhishwa leli bhuku, sekuvele zibuye ziphelelwe isikhathi, okungenani maqondana Bourbons ukugxekwa. Kodwa igama Stendhal namuhla lihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko le noveli. It yadalwa okusekelwe izenzakalo zangempela 1830. Literary eside ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo kungani umbhali wanikeza leli gama umsebenzi wakhe. Zombili lezi imibala asikhumbuza ukufa, ukuchithwa kwegazi nhlekelele. Inhlanganisela ekilasini omnyama ngokweqile kuhlobene nokuba ne Upholstery lomngcwabo. On isiphetho edabukisayo umisa abafundi kakhulu igama lomkhiqizo.

ngemva kokudalwa kuka lokhu Stendahl iminyaka 5 wabhala inoveli "Red and White". Kuyinto akukho ngozi ukufana amagama imisebenzi emibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe kanye isihloko kule noveli entsha ukuchaza ngezinga elithile isihloko odlule. Cishe, umbhali elimnyama lalisho hhayi ukufa, futhi lokuzalwa ongaphakeme Julien Sorel, protagonist. White waveza elite, ummeleli owawungumnyaka protagonist inoveli 2nd, Lyusen Leven. A abomvu - uphawu isikhathi se-alamu lapho behlala, lezi zinhlamvu ezimbili.

imisebenzi emisha

Stendhal iminyaka eyishumi ezayo idale imisebenzi emibili ngokuphila kwakhe: e 1832 - "Umlando ka i Egoist," e 1835-36 - "The Life of Henri Brulard" in the 1834-35 biennium. - inoveli "Lyusen Leven" wahlala sidle. Engafuni ukuba aphinde engozini okuthunyelwe ezimela, wanquma hhayi ukushicilela imisebenzi yakhe phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Ngo-1839, lo mdwebo omuhle yesibili Stendhal wakhishwa (ngemva "Olubomvu Black") - "Charterhouse of Parma". Lena indaba usongo kanye adventure, ukuthatha indawo e-Italy.

Buyela Paris nokufa

Umlobi e 1841 wabuyela esijana eParis, lapho washaywa unhlangothi. Nokho, waqhubeka ukuqamba kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, sisho imisebenzi yabo. Zibhale bebodwa kukhona ingasakwazi Stendhal. Umlando wakhe uphela March 1842, lapho ubulawe yisifo sohlangothi ngemva kokugula isikhathi eside. Stendhal washona ngo-Paris.

Yikuphi isiqondiso izincwadi libhekisela umbhali uFrederick Stendhal?

Biography, okuyinto ufundile nje, inikeza umqondo jikelele yokuphila Stendhal sika. Futhi ziyini izici emsebenzini wakhe? Ake uphendule kulo mbuzo. Long kwaba indlela omlobi nodumo. Stendhal wathi waloba imisebenzi yakhe "ngenxa ambalwa lucky." Wabikezela ukuthi ngaphambili kuka-1880 ngonyaka ngeke kuye inkazimulo ukuza. Futhi Stendhal wayeqinisile. Mhlawumbe ukwehluleka kwakhe enkulu ukuthi akazange angena elilodwa noma kwenye ngemibono etemibhalo ezazikhona ngesikhathi sakhe. Stendhal wahlukana abalobi 18th uthando ekhulwini sebyalyubtsam namaqhawe ezifana Napoleon. Nokho, asikwazi ngokuthi nomlobi romantic. Lo mlobi siswele kokubili umuzwa Lamartine, nobubanzi Hugo sika yeqhawe. Kuphela uma lezi zibalo Ushiye esisekelweni tetemibhalo, kwaba sobala ukuthi ubukhulu beqiniso ka komlobi zisithakazelise - ku okwangempela ngokwengqondo. Siyabonga kuye, umhlaba wonke Stendhal abadumile.

Biography, sifinyeto imisebenzi lo mbhali, izihloko ezibucayi ngaye - konke lokhu nokunye okuningi isithakazelo namuhla abayiqaphelayo ngomsebenzi wakhe. Nakanjani-ke ingenye Stendhal zabuna French. Ukuze eduze kakhudlwana zona umfundi naye, nathi futhi sidalwe Biography Stendhal ngenhla. ithebula ngokulandelana kwazo zonke izenzakalo zokuphila kanye nomsebenzi, okuyinto kwezinye izincwadi ulwazi elinganiselwe ngaye, ayinikeli ukwaziswa okuphathelene nobuntu bakhe, ke ikhumbule imininingwane eminingi ebalulekile. Biography, okungawo niye wahlangana nje, mahhala kulezi nemibi.