Spaso-eBhethaniya Monastery, Sergiev Posad: umlando, isithombe, ikheli, izinkomba

Umuzi wasendulo Sergiev Posad, umlando lapho iphindela ezikude ngekhulu nane, cishe hhayi kuphela zonke umhlali wezwe lakithi eyaziwa, kodwa iningi izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ngafika eRussia ukubona zokungcebeleka zayo. Kutholwe amakhilomitha amahlanu nje-dolobha, ifakwa Golden Ring. Lihlanzekile leli dolobha futhi elula ngempela ukuvakashela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha, abaningi bathambekele ukuza ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlolwa ezikhangayo esemqoka Sergiyev Posad abahambi kwanele izinsuku owodwa noma emibili.

Igama lalesi bomuzi bevuka yayo amabili yesibili March 1782 by esinqumweni uCatherine II yokudumisa umsunguli komnikazi wendawo Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Futhi nakuba eminyakeni Soviet (1930 no 1991), edolobheni iqanjwe kabusha Zagorsk yokudumisa wamavukelambuso VM Lubotsky-Zagorski, ngemva kokubuyela igama yakhe yasekuqaleni.

Yiqiniso, ukukhangana main yaleli dolobhana ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu kwabantu le Holy Trinity St uSergiyu Lavra - Monastery, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku isebenza. Ngesikhathi Ukhulumé Posada abantu abaningi bavele inhlangano nale ithempeli elihle, nezindonga zayo ezimhlophe futhi domes segolide. Ziyakwazi sobala kakade emnyango emzini. Kodwa hhayi kuphela uSergiyu Lavra Wazisa ukuthi leli dolobha elincane. Idolobha elidume amathempelana yawo eminingi, ukuze ubone ukuthi iyiphi ngonyaka edonsela mayelana anamakhulu mahlanu amawaka-pilgrim. Ngamunye wabo has umlando walo elithakazelisayo othakazelisayo. Futhi omunye wabo unguMsindisi eBhethaniya Monastery (Sergiev Posad).

indaba

Itholakala ngaseningizimu-ngasempumalanga yomuzi, ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amane amakhilomitha kusuka St Okukhulu kakhulu eBhethaniya koMsindisi e Sergiev Posad - indawo ukuthi ngempela afakwe emdlalweni ngamunye azobuka. It is yaziwa nangokuthi "Russian eBhethaniya."

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-nesishiyagalombili - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka nesishiyagalolunye ku indawo enhle ngokumangalisayo ebabazekayo kwamahlathi emaphethelweni Sergiyev Posad esempumalanga abangu wasungula izindawo zokulala eziningi Izigodlo. Kwakumelwe ilawulwe zintathu e-St. Emahostela okuhlose zikhetha ukuba yedwa yomthandazo, kwaba lungafinyeleleki ngendlela ama-pilgrim ophithizelayo eziningi Lavra.

Eyokuqala yalezi madoda uMsindisi eBhethaniya sezindela. Ngeshwa, kwasinda ezimbalwa kuphela kusukela isakhiwo namuhla yakha ingxenye eyinhloko edolobhaneni Ptitsegrad. iso Uchwepheshe unake kuphela uthi abanye kusebenta indawo "izingcezwana" idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa impela eziyinkimbinkimbi esikhulu yezakhiwo, eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi uthathwa njengoba uMsindisi eBhethaniya sezindela. Sergiev Posad uye kusukela kwashintsha kakhulu. Namuhla, kunezindawo eziningi ezithakazelisayo lapho kwasekuqaleni zama ukuthola izivakashi, kodwa ke Podmoskovnaya eBhethaniya ayebhekwa yesibili Luhambo ebaluleke kakhulu edolobheni.

ukwakhiwa

Kukholakala ukuthi ke wesigodlo we Isigodlo, kusho u-Archbishop Platon (Levshin igama wokuziphilisa Peter) wasungula Spaso-eBhethaniya Monastery (Sergiev Posad). Izithombe zigcinwa Museum idolobha, bayakufakazela ukuthi yokuthi le ndawo yayibizwa kube nakangaka. Kwaba ucezu enkulu yezwe phakathi emfuleni futhi hucksters echibini kahle esikhulu lapho ukuzalela inhlanzi, esetshenziselwa izidingo yesigodlo.

Indawo letikhetselwe Isigodlo, ngokuthi Korbuha. Ngaphambi yashayisa unqenqema ujantshi lakhiwa lapha, le ndawo lapho uMsindisi eBhethaniya Monastery, sicabangela Dome zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra lakhiwa. ehlane okusha eyakhelwe iminyaka emine: kusukela 1783 kuze 1787 th. YayiyiBhayibheli welulela kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga isikwele eside. Abode laqanjwa kanjalo yokudumisa yasePalestina eBethaniya - indawo lapho kwakukhona khona uvuko oluyisimangaliso uLazaru. umsebenzi wokwakha eholwa abaklami bodumo kanye N. Yakovlev Odoevtsev. Babemenyiwe kusuka eMoscow ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa Isigodlo entsha.

Ukugcwaliswa

Ngeshwa, abambalwa azi ngokuqinisekile olufana uMsindisi eBhethaniya Monastery (Sergiev Posad). Ama ifotho, ambalwa ezigcinwe Museum wendawo, bonisa ukuthi maphakathi-eksisi compositional yagcotshwa oNgcwele Gates. Agcina nge umbhoshongo insimbi. Ensimini ka wezindela kukhona koMsindisi isimo Cathedral, indlu yesonto Dukhovskaya, ezine izindlu zomphakathi, indlu ayephila kuso yena, Archimandrite Platon, namaseli eziningana isivakashi.

Ngokwe-project, epulanini babe yamathuna, kanye onezitebele Umqeqeshi endlini. Zonke insimu lapho uMsindisi eBhethaniya sezindela esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngodonga lwamatshe eqinile yakhiwa.

Ngo 1787, unyaka lapho wonke umsebenzi wokwakha usuphelile, lo wesigodlo ka wezindela elimiswe uPlato basemasontweni. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo we Holy Trinity wezindela eyayisanda kwakhiwa noMsindisi-eBhethaniya Isigodlo, izithombe zazo lapha ngenzansi, baye bahlupheka shrine ikakhulukazi ohlonishwayo. Kuyinto lomngcwabo ngokhuni lapho cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka, izinsalela Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

sabefundisi

Emva umcimbi ekumisweni kwayo ngo-1797, unyaka Sergiyev Posad travel kwaba uMbusi uPawulu I. Waqale wavakashela yesonto, ngemva kwalokho baya eBhethaniya sezindela. Lapha wathatha Metropolitan Platon. Umbusi wanelisekile ngakho nge isimo Isigodlo, ngokushesha wakhipha isimemezelo ukuze usethe evulekile esikoleni sabefundisi sezindela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena kuvikelwe esontweni eBhethaniya endaweni enkulu ezweni. Esinye isimemezelo koMsindisi yakhe Monastery eBhethaniya wayenelungelo lokuthola ukuqhutshwa Izigayo ezintathu ezazibulalana aqashiwe. Ikhumbule ukuvakasha esigodlweni sezindela uMbusi uPawulu Metropolitan Platon ukubeka Obelisk.

Ngo-1800, unyaka lwekholiji yaqala ukwakha isakhiwo ekhethekile. Futhi wesithupha Agasti ke lavulwa ngokusemthethweni. Leli bhilidi elinezitezi ezimbili nge imibhoshongo amane lakhiwa ukuma uhlamvu "P" - yokudumisa uMbusi uPawulu. Kulesi sikhungo esisha baqala ukuyisa amadoda abasha, ikakhulukazi izingane abefundisi. Ezemfundo esikoleni sabefundisi ungase uthole omunye amahhovisi amathathu ekhona. Yibona isiqondiso lwetakhi telulwimi-mphendvulo, zenkolo noma yefilosofi. Metropolitan Platon zazibazi mathupha yomfundi ngamunye. Yena, njengoba kufakazelwa mlando, wayebakhathalela kanye abafundi sobufundisi nsuku zonke ukuqapha izimo yokuhlala yabo. Ngokusobala, ngakho uMsindisi eBhethaniya Sezindela, abaningi baqala ukubiza "wesikole".

Labo abafisa ukuya eBhethaniya Seminary, okwakubekelwa imfundiso enhle kakhulu zilethwe, zazinengi kangaka. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ke ukunwetshwa. Kakade namathathu banesifo esibi yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, kwaba isakhiwo omangalisayo, wadala e isitayela classicism.

Ngemva kokufa Metropolitan

Ekupheleni 1812, ngemva amabutho sikaNapoleon, emuva kusukela eMoscow, waqala ukuhamba umhlabathi isiRashiya, yaphela uhambo yakhe yasemhlabeni Metropolitan Platon. emngcwabeni wakhe wawenziwa oNgcwele isimo Cathedral. Futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe Theological Seminary, egcwele "brainchild" Intandokazi wesigodlo, uye waqhubeka ziphenduke. Ingabe izinguquko zabhekana kanye sezindela uqobo. On insimu yalo kwezakhiwo itshe ambalwa senzelwe izindela, izimfundamakhwela ziyaye futhi abbots ezakhiwa, kanti isakhiwo wanakekela poorhouse, futhi ehhotela.

Ngo sixties yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye kunalokho enkulu lombhishobhi emihlanu oluyingungu Yakhiwa esizeni endlini Dukhovskoy abode. Wabe usubizwa ngokuthi i-Tikhvin. Ibandla kwadingeka ama-altare ezinhlanu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, belingana Lavrov futhi Chernigov Skete waqala ukuthandwa futhi uMsindisi eBhethaniya sezindela. Indlela ukufika kulo namuhla, kungatholakala kwi website esemthethweni sezindela.

ikheli

Namuhla, bonke nezivakashi ukuba Sergiev Posad woza, njalo zithutha ngesikhathi Monastery oNgcwele waseBhethaniya. Ikheli Russian eBethaniya - Maslieva Street, Ukwakha 25. Kuyinto amakhilomitha eningizimu ezintathu kuphela Chernihiv yaseGetsemane Skete.

Spaso-eBhethaniya Sezindela, indlela leya owazi nelinye ikholwa ohlala Sergiev Posad, minyaka yonke uthola inombolo enkulu pilgrim. Abaningi babo beze lapha ngesitimela noma isitimela. Ukuze sifinyelele wezindela kusukela esiteshini sesitimela kulula. Kungenzeka ukuba anqobe ibanga ngezinyawo.

Ukuze wenze kanjalo, ezihambayo eduze yashayisa unqenqema ujantshi enyakatho bebheke Aleksandrov olwesibili ujantshi ibhuloho, jikela ngakwesokudla uhambe ngaphandle eBhethaniya. Futhi wakhe, futhi Ptitsegradskoy ukufinyelela ngqo koMsindisi eBhethaniya sezindela.

Uyithola kanjani i-traffic

Iya abode inhlokodolobha ngemoto isidingo Yaroslavl onguthelawayeka. Ngaphambi kokuba lifike kuleyo pointer ukuba Sergiev Posad, jikela ngakwesokudla bebheke Yaroslavl emgwaqeni omkhulu M8. On kufanele uthole uphawu "vula Vine." Khona-ke udinga ubuyele eceleni komgwaqo. Ngaphambi kokuba lifike kuleyo umvini kufanele ukuvula kwesokunxele eduze komgwaqo omkhulu ukuya esigodlweni sezindela.

abahambi abaningi, ukutadisha umzila we-Golden Ring ngokwakho, abanesifiso uMsindisi eBhethaniya Monastery (Sergiev Posad). Indlela ukufika kulo, uthi imuphi umhlali edolobheni. Yenza kube lula: kuZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra roll sivela esitaladini kuya kwesokudla iRed Army phezu avenue noKarla Marksa. Bese uthole esigodlweni sezindela Ptitsegradskoy.

Eminyakeni Soviet

Ngemva inguquko, umlando uMsindisi eBhethaniya Sezindela kwashintsha kakhulu. Izindela ukuba baqhubeke esigodlweni sezindela kuphela isimo amalungu ezolimo zabasebenzi wokubambisana. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka elikhomba, Isigodlo namanje ivaliwe, Nokho, kwezinye izindawo izinceku wahlala phambi 1929. izakhiwo Iningi primonastyrskih wanikwa ikhaya yezingane, futhi indlu okungewakho Metropolitan Platon, steel ukuchayeka agcinwe, okuyinto ephethwe Umlando and Art Museum of Sergiev Posad.

Esikhathini namathathu banesifo esibi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili endaweni eBhethaniya sanikelwa ukuba izinkukhu processing plant. Wabe usubizwa ngokuthi Ptitsegradom. AmaBolshevik kungukuthi ikakhulukazi izakhiwo ezindala basindiswa. Ezinye zazo ezidiliziwe okuthiwa ngoba labhidlika, kuyilapho abanye - ngenxa yokwaziswa ukwakhiwa, isibonelo, kuyinto isitini okuhlala kakhulu. Ngakho isimo Church labhujiswa. Zabulawa ezehlela isakhiwo ayephila kuso Metropolitan Platon, kanye sezindela kocingo, Isango oNgcwele, umbhoshongo Gate itshe bell futhi yamathuna lobuzalwane.

Wayelethwa anqunywe ikhanda ezandleni zeNdlu Amasiko esontweni Tikhvin. Wayengumuntu ngisho ngesikhathi esisodwa lalisetshenziswa njenge-incubator, bese - njengendawo yamabhayisikobho kanye dance floor. Lo mhlangano wavulwa izindlu Esikhunjeni Venereal Izifo Umtholampilo. Cishe kanye sezindela elichumayo leyo minyaka zazinjengethusi izakhiwo ezimbili noma ezintathu, onguyena kuphela osaphila.

nokuzalwa kabusha

Ngo-1998, unyaka Isigodlo wayiswa ukuphathwa sezindela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi waqala imvuselelo yayo. Izakhiwo ezazisaphila kwalungisa futhi wabhubhisa - futhi kabusha. Kufanele ukuthi nabo emsebenzini wokulungisa uyaqhubeka namuhla. Ukuze abuyisele isimo semvelo eziningi ezisetshenziswa ambalwa ayesele ubudala izithombe, imidwebo kanye imidwebo.

Spaso-eBhethaniya sezindela namuhla

Isigodlo is sibahlanu, sizungezwe uthango futhi ne Gate Ongcwele. Ngaphezu kwazo imele umbhoshongo itshe bell. Ababulawa ngesitayela mbumbulu isiRashiya, it is a gem wangempela Ensemble esanda wavuseleleka.

Ensimini ka wezindela unendima emaphakathi esanda kabusha Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral. Lokhu Novodel ethempelini kobujamo obusaqanda wadala wafana lombhishobhi, elase likhona ngaphambilini. Kuyoba ukuhlomisa zobukhosi ezimbili. Lower abehlukaniselwe ukutshisa inkazimulo uvuko oluyisimangaliso uLazaru, futhi phezulu - we isimo.

Ithempeli elibuyiselwe yomhlobiso wawo ingaphakathi, okuyinto wayezelwe uPlato. Throne senziwa e-altare. Babuthene ngomthandazo kholwa bheka it njengoba emhumeni encane, njengalena lapho uLazaru wangcwatshwa nangaphezulu okuyinto liphuma niye entabeni iTabor. Ethempelini, elingenhla sobukhosi ongaphambili omise liphuma ujenga zemabula setshe udonga. It lihlotshiswe izimbali, izitshalo nezilwane izibalo, kulingisa egqumeni.

Okwamanje ke wenza ukulungisa esinqunyiwe kanye isonto Dukhovskoy lapho amasevisi agcinwe. Uqhubeka ukubuyiselwa endlini yesikhumbuzo ayephila kuso Metropolitan Platon. Ngesikhathi kocingo, eduze Amasango oNgcwele detuned futhi, ngo-2012, lamiswao isikhumbuzo umsunguli sezindela.

imodi

Spaso-eBhethaniya Sezindela isebenza. Ukuphila kugeleza yisimiso esiqinile. Kusukela ngo-2002, ingxenye Insimu sezindela lidlule Lavra farmstead. Ukuze uthole esigodlweni sezindela kungaba yisiphi usuku lweviki kusukela eziyisithupha amathathu ekuseni kuze iri lobunane ebusuku. Isevisi ekuseni iqala ngesikhathi 5.30 futhi 6,30 ekuseni, futhi kusihlwa - at 16,40. I uSonto-sikole iminyaka izingane ezivela emindenini of amalungu esonto amakilasi njalo ngesonto.

iwayini siqu - umthombo ukuziqhenya sezindela. Banikeza wonke umuntu oza Monastery oNgcwele waseBhethaniya. Sergiev Posad, mayelana nokuvakashela izibuyekezo abasele bakithi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izivakashi ezivela emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kuthinta ngokuchichima ezikhangayo. Omunye wabo eBhethaniya Russian, okuyinto has a EGCEKENI elincane, enezela abode amaqanda nobisi.