Sifo melanoma: Izindlela, ukubuyekezwa

Isisekelo yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo zesifo - uphethwe kwayo okufika ngesikhathi. Ikakhulukazi kulesi sitatimende ulungisiswa lapho isimila pathologies, lapho ngokoqobo zonke ukubalwa yesibili. Enye inkinga enjalo kuyinto melanoma. Minyaka yonke iyisifo anomdlavuza kuphela abasebasha. I ngaphambili udokotela bazokwazi ukuhlonza ke, ayanda namathuba okuba we Izibikezelo evumayo. Esihlokweni lanamuhla ngokuningiliziwe izindlela ezinkulu ekuxilongweni melanoma, futhi uchaze embodiments ukwelashwa yayo.

isitifiketi Medical

Melanoma - bemvelo abulalayo yesimila ukuthi yenzeka izingcezwana isikhumba nezicubu. Kumiswa It is kusukela melanocytes - amaseli obhekene ukukhethwa sombala by kabusha lesi sici. It neyaziwayo kulezo zindawo ezingavikelekile kakhulu zalo umzimba ukuthi kunzima ukuvikela emisebeni ultraviolet. Sikhuluma ebusweni, umzimba kanye emikhawulweni. Melanoma kungenziwa elakhiwe nge-intanethi oyi-ekhona nevus noma lasakazekela izingcezwana ephelele EPITHELIAL.

Isici esibalulekile salo inqubo sokugembula ukungabi pheze ephelele amasosha omzimba. Ngakho-ke, isimila eba ngokushesha futhi ukwanda ngobukhulu. Minyaka yonke ke sitholakale kubantu ababalelwa ku-100-000. Ezweni lethu, kukhona ukuthambekela ekwandeni abagulela ukufa. Kulokhu, i-melanoma zivame kakhulu kuthinta abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-75 kuya kwangu-85. It iyehlisa bungakanani ubude bokuphila futhi lingaholela ekufeni.

Ngokwezibalo yezokwelapha, ama-75% amacala kungenzeka ukuthola lesi sifo ngendlela efanele usaqala yentuthuko. Lokhu kungenzeka hhayi kuphela ngenxa ezinzima isithombe emtholampilo. A indima inqubo ukuhlonza kungokwalabo ekuhlonzweni melanoma. Ukuze yehlukaniswe nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba singasetshenziswa visualized. Nokho, i-umdwebo up izinhlelo ukwelashwa odinga ukukwazi mayelana isimila ulwazi oluningi. Ukuthola ivumela ukuze kutholakale umsuka kanye isigaba ohlelweni sokugembula ukubikezela, thola Ukudlulela nokunye. D. ngokuningiliziwe Eminye okwengeziwe embodiments yayo enkulu.

anamnesis

umlando Nemithi - buyisigaba eyinhloko uphethwe ephelele cishe zakho konke pathologies. Wayesho isifundo yezokwelapha umlando kanye nokwaziswa ukuhlangana lesiguli. Ngokusho imiphumela uhlobo inhlolovo Uchwepheshe ungenza uphethwe kwangaphambilini futhi banikezwe isiphetho ukhombe ukusihlola.

Melanoma wahlanganyela oncologist. On the reception lokuqala ngaso sonke isikhathi-poll isiguli ngezimpawu yakhe okuphazamisayo. Ukuze acacise oncologist emitholampilo ungacela eziningi ukuchaza imibuzo: lapho kwakukhona focus ukuvuvukala, imiphumela ezinye zezici kwandulelwe sokuthuthuka, njll ...

Ukuhlonza Ukugula melanoma Kuhilela ekutadisheni yofuzo. Udokotela kubalulekile ukwazi, amacala afana ukugula kwamanye amalungu omndeni zalotshwa khona. Into wukuthi pathologies kakhulu oncological has a uhlamvu sitholwa njengefa.

behlolwa

Ngokuhamba isifundo eningiliziwe ukubonakaliswa basemtholampilo isimila Uchwepheshe ihlinzeka ukuhlolwa qualitative nemingcele yayo eziyisisekelo:

• usayizi;
• okuqukethwe kwesakhiwo;
• imingcele;
• sombala umbala;
• ebusweni ukuthungwa.

Futhi, udokotela wenza palpation we inguinal, axillary futhi wesibeletho zamanzi. Lapho melanoma zibhebhetheka, izilonda zayo sokugembula ngokuyinhloko ukusakaza emazweni angomakhelwane zamanzi. Ukwenyuka ubungako bawo - uphawu olucacile umdlavuza.

Ngo Oncology esolwa isimo abulalayo kubhekwa cwaningo zokuxilonga saziso nokuhlola nezinye izitho zomzimba, lapho kungenzeka izakhi efanayo elise. Ukuba khona kwabo nje iziguli eziningi ngisho nokuwabona. Ngenxa neoplasm yesibili, uphawu angeke sibonakalise izimpawu ezithile futhi ungaphazamisi. Multiple izilonda sokugembula - isici eqondile lolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

dermoscopy

Lena enye indlela non-koda ukuze kuhlonzwe melanoma. He is ngokuphelele kobuhlungu, ngakho ungesabi ka manipulations wezokwelapha.

Ngesikhathi inqubo, udokotela uthola ulwazi mayelana ukushuba isimila, sokunquma lingakanani ithuluzi ekhethekile - a micrometer. Ukuhlola wadalula ngisho ukwakheka ezincane, ubukhulu engesiyo ezingaphezu kuka-1 mm.

Ukuhlaziya igazi pooling eyeqile capillary

Ungafunda okuningi mayelana nesimo umzimba by ukuhlolwa igazi. Zonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza zokukhiqiza amaprotheni ethize. Abizwa isimila iziphambano. Kubantu enempilo, abatholakali.

Endabeni melanoma endaweni yokucwaninga ukucacisa ukuzwela onkomarkery amaprotheni S-100. okuhlushwa yaso ephezulu egazini kubonisa hhayi kuphela kahle wafaka le uphethwe wokulungiselela, kodwa futhi ukuqhubeka inqubo sokugembula. Sikhuluma phambi metastases emzimbeni ethintwa nezinye yangaphakathi isitho izinhlelo. Ngo isinyathelo ukwelashwa usebenzisa udokotela onjalo ukuhlaziywa ihlola ngokunemba ezikhethiwe yokwelapha Tactical, degree yayo kahle.

Ezweni lethu uphethwe melanoma nangokunquma lokuhlushwa egazini isimila nakomaka kuphela kwenkokhelo. Ukuhlolwa izindleko siphakeme ngokwanele ukuthi walungisiswa cishe 100% yi olunembile.

Ukusetshenziswa phosphorus enemisebe

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Ukwahlukaniswa melanoma eyenziwa phosphorus esisheshayo. Kusekelwe imiphumela phakathi nendawo sokugembula disubstituted sodium phosphate anelebuli enemisebe phosphorus ingxenye. udokotela Sibekezele kusikisela ukuba uphuze izidakamizwa ekuseni njalo esiswini esingenalutho. Khona-ke, ngo-emakamu contact kunqunywa radiometry isotopes uphawu kwasendaweni zone. Level "ka umdlavuza umbandela" I-melanoma kubhekwa ukuba ngokweqile emithathu emphethweni abatholako phezu isimila, uma siqhathanisa lokhu sibalo nge izingxenye zesikhumba enempilo.

microscopy confocal

Lokhu uphethwe non-koda zesikhumba melanoma inketho ikuvumela ukuthi iyini ngempela inkinga ngendlela efanele usaqala yentuthuko yayo. It wenziwa usebenzisa confocal microscopy apharathasi emakamu eliphansi infrared ray fluxes. Ezisetshenzisiwe umthamo ngemisebe lincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke akakwazi balimaze umzimba womuntu. Isibonakhulu iveze engxenyeni engaphandle futhi engaphakathi EPITHELIAL ngisho kubhekwe inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye biopsy ebonakalayo.

MRI kanye CT

Isinyathelo esibalulekile ekulweni yisiphi isifo somdlavuza kusenesikhathi metastases. Into wukuthi zasakazekela izilonda umzimba ngokuvamile kwandisa amathuba Ukuphinda futhi kunciphisa zero isibikezelo ukululama okusheshayo. Kuze kube yimanje, namuhla esetshenziswa MRI kanye CT.

Magnetic resonance imaging uncika ukusetshenziswa uzibuthe onamandla futhi enemisebe wave notshwala. Ngenxa yalesi kungenzeka ukuthola isithombe kokubili isikhundla longitudinal futhi transverse. tomography ngekhompyutha lembula khona metastases. Nokho, ukuze bamsize ngokuvamile yakhetha nesigaba ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi iqiniso ukusakazwa izilonda is akakaqinisekisi umzimba.

biopsy

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-melanoma esiteji kunzima ukuthola ongaboni. Biopsy ikuvumela ukuhlola izakhi izimila kanye ukunquma degree of umdlavuza yayo. Ngesikhathi inqubo, udokotela wenza kocingo kwamaseli isimila bese ebaxilonga ngesibonakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukususa endaweni okusolisayo isikhumba ngokuphelele.

Uma umdlavuza kuqinisekisiwe, kuncike ukususwa hhayi kuphela melanoma, kodwa futhi izicubu eduze. Lapho ukushuba idlula 1 mm, kwenziwe ngokucophelela sentinel node asike izidumbu zabantu. izakhiwo ezinjalo bathambekele iyakhula. Inqubo sokugembula iqala amayunithi unogada. Basuke ngaphansi luhlolo ngesibonakhulu. Uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza akuzona uchwepheshe lezi uyathola, uphethwe uhlelo lymph manje ephelele. Kungenjalo, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe babelwa (isb, amakhemikhali okwelapha).

Ukuthola Automatic yesifo

Indlela melanoma self-ekuxilongweni ayikwazi kubhekwe njengendlela nandlela ukuhlonza isifo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingabe acabangele akudingekile futhi. ukuqapha okuqhubekayo isimo sezempilo kwandisa amathuba kusenesikhathi izinkinga.

Umdlavuza ingaze inqubo zimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Ukubukeka izindawo ezintsha yobudala noma amavukuzi emzimbeni.
2. Umbala ukushintsha kwezinkathi nevus, okuvela kuyo ukulunywa.
3. Ichaza ukushintsha kombala lo mbala - uphawu nobuntu kuguquka yeselula.
4. Ukushintsha amavukuzi imingcele. Kungenzeka ukuthi walahlekelwa nokucija zabo futhi babe usongene futhi engalingani.

ekuhlonzweni melanoma kuyisihluthulelo eyinhloko yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukubonakala eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla kufanele ngokushesha afune usizo wesikhumba. Uma umlando walesi sifo emkhayeni wabo uye kwatholakala, kubalulekile ukunakekela okukhethekile isimo kwesikhumba.

Ukubukwa iziguli

What do iziguli langempela uphethwe melanoma? Izibuyekezo lokhu inqubo, kukhona ezihlukahlukene. Kulesi sihloko ubala nje zezindlela ezivame kakhulu ukuthola isifo. Kukhethwa okuhlukile ikakhulukazi yocwaningo uhlale udokotela.

izimpendulo Positive ezihlobene ne amasu non-koda. Kulokhu, iziguli asibi ukungakhululeki, kodwa izinqubo ngokwabo baqiniseka kobuhlungu. Nokho, ziyisici ulwazi kuphela esigabeni sokuqala ukuthuthukiswa isifo.

imicabango yabantu Negative bathambekele kwenzeke ngemuva biopsy. Ngempela, lokhu kuyinto inqubo ezingemnandi ukuthi wenziwa ngaphansi izinzwa jikelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingasetshenziswa ukuze thembeke ukunquma degree of umdlavuza yenqubo.

ukwelashwa ezinconyiwe

Futhi ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa melanoma akufanele zishiywe. Ngemva kokuqinisekisa neoplasms kufanele ngokushesha ngiqale ukwelashwa. Ukwelashwa isu incike isigaba ohlelweni sokugembula. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenza wenziwa ngendlela efanele usaqala. Phakathi ukuhlinzwa, udokotela kususa i-melanoma, eduze at ibanga 1-3 cm kwezicubu namafutha ongama. Cryodestruction indlela kulesi sifo akuzange kusetshenziswe.

Uma metastases zitholiwe emva imithi yokukwelapha emtholampilo ukuze kuhlonzwe melanoma, ukwelashwa ukufeza ngemisebe futhi reception ngamakhemikhali ( "Tamoxifen", "Carmustine"). Lena ejenti kunalokho anobuthi, kodwa ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Ngo parallel, impoqo immunotherapy ayeba.

Indlela yokuvimbela isifo?

Ukuvimbela yimuphi umdlavuza ngesikhathi esifanele itholiwe. Usuku Lwamazwe Ngamazwe kwesifo melanoma ligcinwe njalo ngonyaka 23 Meyi. On insimu yezwe lethu emadolobheni kakhulu unake kakhulu kuso. Ngokwesibonelo, kulolusuku, ungathatha inhlolovo mahhala nevi futhi amavukuzi emzimbeni, ukuze ufunde mayelana nezinga umdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezikhungweni eziningi ezikhethekile yezokwelapha imihlangano odokotela nochwepheshe ewumngcingo, abakhuluma sifo nempendulo imibuzo esuka kuzithameli.

Ngokuzimela ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa melanoma ngisho simple. Odokotela akhuthaza ehlobo ukusebenzisa imishini zokuzivikela isikhumba, okuyinto evimbela Ukungena emisebe yama-UV. Kusukela ranta kufanele uyekwe esikhathini kusuka 12 amahora 16. Kuyadingeka ukuba ngonanzelelo ngokwabo. Akunzima wokuhlola ngezikhathi umzimba ukukhomba ukwakheka entsha esikhumbeni futhi ukuqapha isimo amavukuzi ekhona.

Uma bengabaza kangcono ukuvakashela udokotela noma oncologist. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngo-May 23 - ngosuku uphethwe melanoma lapho umuntu ungaba Ukuhlolwa khulula. Ngokusho imiphumela, futhi kuphela uma ochwepheshe ezidingekayo ezikhethekile njalo ukuthumela ukuhlola okunzulu.