Rene Dekart: A Biography futhi uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka

Abacwaningi abaningi yomlando wefilosofi ubizwa kufanele kubhekwa umsunguli Rene Dekarta wesimanje nefilosofi entshonalanga. Uyini abadumile Rene Dekart? Biography kanye nemiqondo eyisisekelo physics, mathematics, usosayensi echazwe esihlokweni ngezansi.

Esakhula

Rene Dekart wazalelwa umkhaya ompofu esihle kwaba omncane emadodaneni amathathu. Saveza ngugogo kwabakhulelwe, noyise Ioahim Dekart, wamahlulela u kwelinye idolobha, kanye nonina, Zhanna Broshar bafa lapho Rene wayengakabi eminyakeni emibili ubudala. imfundo sezenkolo umfana ngesikhathi ongumJesuit isikole La Flash. Kusukela ebuntwaneni wayefuna ukwazi kakhulu futhi waqala ukuhileleka ekuseni kwi-mathematics. Ngo Ngo-1616 Rene Dekart wathola iziqu ze-bachelor.

Rene Dekart. Biography. isikhathi-Dutch

Ngemva kokuphothula inyuvesi, usosayensi esizayo baya ukulwa. Phakathi nesikhathi abasichitha enkonzweni yezempi, wahambela izindawo eziningana ashisayo sikhathi: Siege of La Rochelle, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa eNetherlands, impi ngoba ePrague eMpini Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-Descartes cishe ngokushesha baye eNetherlands, njengoba eFrance, amaJesuit bammangalela baqede ngoba abathanda ifilosofi.

EHolland, usosayensi othile uye waphila iminyaka engu-20. Phakathi nale minyaka, ukucwaninga kwesayensi kuye kwehluleka wadala Descartes futhi wanyathelisa izincwadi eziningana eziye baba siyinhloko ifilosofi yakhe.

• "Umhlaba" (1634)
• "Inkulumo ku Indlela" (1637)
• "Izizindlo ku Philosophy Okokuqala ..." (1641)
• "Izimiso of Philosophy" (1644)

Umphakathi wawuhlukaniswe waba yizingxenye ezimbili: labo bayahlonishwa futhi uyabasindisa abanomoya ishaqekile abakutholile Rene Dekart.

Umlando Omfushane usosayensi ugcwele okwatholwa imisebenzi, kodwa izinto eziphathelene nokuphila kwakhe siqu kuncane kakhulu ezaziwayo. Descartes wayengashadile. Yini eyaziwayo wukuthi e 1635 indodakazi yakhe uFrancine wazalwa. Unina wayeyinceku usosayensi. Rene Dekart othanda kakhulu intombazanyana waba lusizi kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside, lapho ngokungazelelwe wabulawa scarlet fever eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-5. indoda Njengoba eziyinqaba Phendla, isazi sefilosofi waphenduka onakekelayo futhi ithenda uyise.

Church of Holland elite ayikwazanga abavuma usosayensi abathanda ifilosofi. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe washushiswa. isikhathi Dutch akuyona ngaphandle. E-Fulansi, Cardinal uRichelieu avunyelwe ukuphrinta amplitude yayo, kodwa zemfundiso yamaProthestani yeNetherlands yaqalekisa phezu kwakhe.

Ukudla kwasekuseni isikhathi

Ngo-1649 Rene Dekart ku isimemo esiqhubekayo neNdlovukazi uChristina yaseSweden, eliqhutshwa Dutch Zamacala Ezihlubuki zangeNkathi Ephakathi, bathuthela Stockholm. Ngo-1649 kwavela ukushicilelwa umsebenzi wakhe "Passion komphefumulo."

Ukuphila inkantolo, futhi, kwakungelula: indlovukazi Nokho ubelokhu uhlobo usosayensi, kodwa zonke kwakuvame kakhulu yokulayisha umsebenzi wakhe bokusungula. Kulokhu, impilo sefilosofi (ababuthakathaka kakade) okwengeziwe zehla nakakhulu ezinzima sezulu enyakatho. Ubudlelwano kanye usosayensi nebandla ukudukiswa ngokuphelele.

Ngokusho version olusemthethweni, Rene Dekart washona ngo- February 11 eyasungulwa ngo-1650, wahlaselwa ukugula samakhaza. Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi wadliswa ushevu. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-17, izinsalela sefilosofi okukhulu kwaba ngesicelo France wathutha evela eSweden zingcwatshwe e Chapel of Saint-Germain.

Okusho Descartes - umsunguli rationality

Umsunguli rationalism ubhekwa Rene Dekart. Ngemcondvo losemcoka emkhakheni wefilosofi kungenziwa kafushane kushiwo kanje.

• Usosayensi hypothesized mayelana izindlela eziyinhloko empahleni kanye nezimfanelo.
• Descartes wafakazela ukuthi ingqondo ulwazi inendima enkulu.
• He is kumbhali inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela kwenza, ngawo buyisana amafilosofi izinto futhi idealist.
• Descartes ukubeka phambili umbono 'imibono isegazini. "

Imfundiso lomcebo

Ngo inqubo ukutadisha inkinga khona, empeleni yayo ukuthi zavela umqondo wokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, olwasungulwa Rene Dekart. Uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka usosayensi zisekelwe lo mqondo.

Into - yikho konke okukhona futhi ayidingi ukuba khona noma yini kodwa yena. Lokhu izinga uye kuphela okuphakade, ayikwazi ukudalwa, umninimandla iNkosi. He is imbangela kanye umthombo wakho konke. Nkulunkulu, njengoba uMdali wadala umhlaba futhi, izinto ezithinta izinga elifanayo: kukhona asikho isidingo sokuba khona yini kodwa yena. Maqondana nezinye le wadala izidakamizwa ngamunye oludonsa, futhi neNkosi - kukhona yesibili.

Descartes uhlukanisa izidakamizwa wadala on impahla (izinto), nangokomoya (umbono). Ukuze yesibili impahla izinto nobuntu elula (ubude ngesilinganiso). Ziyakwazi sihlukaniswe infinity. Creation Ezingokomoya izidakamizwa, ngokuvumelana nomqondo sefilosofi sika, abe nophawu ukucabanga. Ziyakwazi nolimi.

Man kunqoba lonke ngokwesimo ukuthi yakhiwa izinto ezimbili: engokoqobo nengokomoya. Ngakho, umuntu esikabili. Material futhi uyinto engokomoya kulo bayalingana. kubonakala Ngakho, "umqhele yokudala ngokuthi 'Rene Dekart. Imibono usosayensi wanquma kwenza ifilosofi umbuzo kwaphakade lokho okuza kuqala: ndaba noma ekufeni.

I ubufakazi igunya okucabanga

"Ngicabanga, Ngakho-ke ngingubani?" - nombhali aphorism ezidumile kuyinto Rene Dekart. Okukhulu okutholakele nefilosofi kusekelwe postulate we igunya okucabanga.

Kuzo zonke izinto ongangabaza, Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukungabaza ngempela udinga akukho ubufakazi. Doubt - lokhu impahla kucatshangwa. indoda engangabazi ecabanga. Ngakho-ke, umuntu ukhona ngempela, njengoba ecabanga. Ukucabanga - umsebenzi ingqondo, ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo ukuphila nje ingqondo.

ebanjwayo Descartes

Usosayensi aphakanyisiwe ukusetshenziswa indlela yokudonsa , hhayi kuphela kwi-mathematics ne-physics, kodwa futhi nefilosofi. "Ukuze uguqule ulwazi kusukela yezandla ekukhiqizeni ezimbonini" - lena umsebenzi kubekwa phambi kwakhe okuthile Rene Dekart. Izwe ayephila kuso (ikakhulukazi amaJesuit), akazange athathe ngokufundisa kwakhe.

Nazi Izinkolelo eziyisisekelo le ndlela epistemological:

• ucwaningo okusekelwe kuphela ulwazi uthembeke ngokuphelele futhi ukwahlulela, akuyona ungaqiniseki;
• uhlukanise inkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ibe izingxenye;
• ngithuthe engaziwa ezaziwa futhi bokuthi futhi unproven;
• ukulandela ukulandelana esiqinile, ukuvimbela ukulahleka izixhumanisi okunomqondo iketanga.

Imfundiso "imibono isegazini"

Lokubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni wefilosofi, wathola siphethe ngokuthini ngemfundiso yokuthi "imibono esingokwemvelo," umlobi kuwo nakho Rene Dekart. Imibono eziyisisekelo nemibono postulate:

• ulwazi Iningi ibangelwa ukudonsa imali eholweni, kodwa kukhona ulwazi ukuthi akudingi ubufakazi - "imibono isegazini";
• bahlukene phakathi imiqondo (isibonelo, umphefumulo, umzimba, Nkulunkulu, njll) nezahlulelo (isib, lonke sikhulu kunesihlalo okuyingxenye).

Rene Dekart. Biography: Managing

• Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 ohlala e-Netherlands Rene Dekart kwadingeka ukuba aphile yonke imizi yayo.
• I. P. Pavlov kubhekwa umsunguli Rene Dekarta ucwaningo lwabo, ngakho ngibeke phambi laboratory sefilosofi yakhe lesikhumbuzo.
• GCAP Descartes izinhlamvu ezingu-A, B no-C selisho constants, futhi izincwadi zokugcina izinhlamvu zesiLatini - eziguquguqukayo.
• Lapho inyanga kukhona wentaba, yaqanjwa usosayensi omkhulu.
• Swedish koroleva Kristina wafuna ekuseni njalo imihla ngemihla ukwenza ncamashi Rene Dekart. Biography usosayensi liqukethe ulwazi ukuthi kwakufanele yenzeni ukuze uvuke ngehora lesihlanu ekuseni.
• Lapho bazingcwabe kabusha izinsalela wesazi sefilosofi kwatholakala ulahlekile ugebhezi, okuyinto ngakho omunye abakwazanga ukukuchaza.
• Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuze kube manje version olusemthethweni ukufa kwenziwe usosayensi kubhekwe inyumoniya, abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi wabulawa. In the 1980 kube khona ubufakazi ubuthi nge-arsenic Rene Dekarta.