Prado Museum e Madrid. Prado (Museum), Spain. Prado Museum e Madrid - isithombe

Kukhona izindawo kumephu emhlabeni, lapho lokuhlushwa imisebenzi yobuciko in unit endaweni wehlukile isilinganiso. Lezi zihlanganisa i-Louvre e Paris, Petersburg Hermitage. Bambalwa iminyuziyamu emhlabeni, ofana nabo. Kodwa aziyi ndawo.

Prado - Spanish amagugu afihlekile

E Madrid, futhi, kukhona igalari, elisebenza umhlangano abahlanganisa abeLungu, futhi ikakhulukazi abaculi Spanish akutholakali ngezinye Noma ikuphi ukuqoqwa, kunoma iyiphi idolobha. I Prado Museum ayinakuqhathaniswa e ukujula imisebenzi Velazquez, Goya, Bosch nezinye abadwebi abaningi. Kungaba ngokuphepha ubizwe isici esikhanga kakhulu nge-dolobha Spanish, futhi ukuba ngingaphinde ngize lapha - ke kusho ukuthi angiyikwazi kuleli zwe futhi abaqondi umphefumulo walo.

Museo del Prado (Madrid, Spain) - phezulu "unxantathu osemqoka"

Amagugu yobuciko igxile izintaba zasePyrenees ku zemibukiso ezintathu eziyinhloko. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke art iminyuziyamu e-Spain (Reina Sofia, Thyssen Bornemisza, kanye Prado) bakha uhlobo "unxantathu osemqoka", edonsa abathandi art ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Ngisho izivakashi abangenaso isithakazelo esithile in umdwebo bese ebaziwe, vakashela lezi ezikhangayo, futhi kubonakala kwenza indaba ibhaleke oluqine kangangokuthi ngokuvamile bashintshe umbono wabo art nezwe elizungezile. Futhi akukho lutho isimanga kule. bahlangana lapha Imidwebo eminingi zaziwa emhlabeni wonke futhi abe magic ezithile. Labo izindaba bamba, abalobi isiphetho nezikulu ongaqondakali, efana izindaba le misebenzi, okuyinto babe izakhiwo kazibuthe ukuze engaqaliwe. Ongoti futhi ufuna ukubona ngamehlo abo uwabone ngendwangu yakhiwe futhi sijabulele lesi ukutholakala. Phela, akukho wokunyathelisa, ngisho nqampuna umhlabeleli, unganikeli isithombe esiphelele ikhono labaculi.

Ngesisekelo iqoqo imidwebo

Collection AmaKhosi kopilas eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Izithombe abaculi Spanish abangabokufika aluthola ngokuba amasonto kanye namabandla izifundo zabo babe ikakhulukazi yenkolo, kodwa ukunwetshwa ubudlelwane kwamasiko kanye nezomnotho of Spain nomthelela ukuhlukahluka uhlobo. Titian kwaba umdwebi ozithandayo kaCharles, nge umhlangano imidwebo yakhe umsuka isisekelo setfulo yesimanje. Ngo 1548 umculi isiyalelo "wokuziphilisa" ngoba isithombe iNkosi yokudumisa ukunqoba empini ye Mühlberg. Ngesikhathi esifanayo aluthola zabalingiswa abadwebi abadumile European.

Kuze nokucabanga XVII leminyaka ukudwetshwa Izicukuthwane itholakala kuphela. Art ayebhekwa eziningi ezimbalwa, iminyuziyamu kanye zobuciko eSpain yayingekho, futhi lo mbukiso lokuqala olutholakalayo intando wasebukhosini ukuze uthole isiqondiso zemvelo ngokwesayensi. Ngoba kakade ekhethiwe endaweni - Ipaki Prado eMadrid. Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1785, kodwa wehluleke ukugcwalisa ngokushesha. Charles III wafa umlandeli wakhe, Korol Karl IV akazange cabanga Museum njengoba nenkinga obalulekile ngesandla esivulekile ukukhokhela ke. Ekuqaleni XIX leminyaka eSpain ehlaselwa Bonaparte, futhi kwaze kwaba isiko. isakhiwo esakhiwe wahlushwa ayehlasela ukuba isinqumo esifanayo senziwa mayelana nokuqokwa kwakhe entsha. Kusukela izigodlo Madrid, Aranjuez lapha okumele ahole bobukhosi art amagugu.

Ukuzalwa igalari

I kaNapoleon Izimpi yaphela, ngemva kweminyaka emine, ngo-1819, Prado Museum e Madrid ivule. UPhilip II, ngokungafani Carlos V, wahlala eSpain, futhi eshukunyiswa ukuqoqwa uyise kusuka Brussels enhlokodolobha. Khona-ke imidwebo babembalwa, kancane abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, kodwa kwakheka isisekelo igalari.

Philip II wayandisa kakhulu Prado Museum e Madrid isibe omunye amaqoqo ayetholakala yaseYurophu of imisebenzi yobuciko. Njengoba Charles V, wayengumuntu connoisseur lesikole isiNtaliyane, phakathi nokubusa kwayo iqoqo agcwaliswa imisebenzi by Tintoretto, Bassano, Veronese nezinye abaculi abaningi. Philip uncome futhi Hieronymus Bosch, ukuthola imidwebo yakhe, kuhlanganise ngokuhle kunakho konke kwawo, "Garden of Delights". Khona-ke ezindongeni Museum ehlotshisiwe yobuciko Albrehta Dyurera futhi Montigny.

ohlakaniphile Dutch Rubens kuhlanganiswe ngempumelelo inkonzo yomphakathi ukudalwa imidwebo ongafi. Ukufika e-1628 eSpain, wathengisa lo mdwebo iNkosi, ebhalwe lapha, kanye nezinye imidwebo yakhe luhlobise Prado Museum e Madrid kamuva, ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

Ukwelulwa ukuchayeka

Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, futhi isimo umhlangano bobukhosi yaba ncane kakhulu ukuba Prado. Exposure yanwebeka isigamu kwekhulu XIX yesibili kwathiwa ahlanganiswe imidwebo we Escorial sezindela futhi abanye emihlanganweni. Kusukela ngo-1868 Prado - Museum of Spain, omndeni wasebukhosini akuyona, futhi kulo lonke leli zwe, kanti isimo jikelele.

Kwaba isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando ngo-1927. UMuphi futhi omunye abaqoqi enkulu Don Cabanes wenza isipho somusa. Ukudweba "UJohane Evangelist", oluveza umfundi ayemthanda Kristu, okwenezela iqoqo ocebile imidwebo enikelwe eTestamenteni Elisha indaba ephathwayo, okuyinto abadumile Prado Museum e Madrid. Isithombe umdwebi ukuhlobisa igumbi eyabelwe yona, kanye imisebenzi amanye amakhosi Spanish. Ukukhetha elikhulu abalobi ubudala futhi Dutch.

izixazululo okusha yezakhiwo kanye ubudala

Ngenxa Ukuvuselela njalo kanye ukunwetshwa esichasiselweni ekuqa- emakhulwini okugcina futhi zamanje, sesiye umbuzo ophuthumayo okwandisa ndawo. Raphael iphrojekthi Monet Wawugujelwani ukwamukela icebo kabusha, futhi ngenxa ukuqaliswa izakhiwo ezintsha eziye zavela ngo-2007, umhlangano nazo zonke izidingo zanamuhla, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuvumelana ubudala ingxenye. Prado Museum e Madrid namuhla Ensemble olulodwa yezakhiwo kuhlanganise Monastery San Jeronimo, eyakhiwa ngekhulu XVIII, isakhiwo yokwakhiwa yesimanje kanye igalari main. Ukusebenza izindleko akuyona ezishibhile, ukulinganisela yabo ayeyisilinganiso semali esingeqile ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu million euros, kodwa umphumela kuwufanele imali.

Inhlanganisela ubudala izakhiwo Spanish ne impumelelo zakamuva bokwakha yesimanje kuveza ukubukeka kwenjabulo, okubonisa lokuqhubeka kwezinkathi kanye ubudala yobuciko okukhulu.

Ukungena Museum kanye noHlelo yayo

Ayikho izivakashi ngokuvakashela Madrid, aluphumeleli enkabeni yedolobha, i Prado Museum itholakala. Singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela endaweni inkomba Cibeles, Atocha sesitimela, endaweni efanayo kukhona ingadi enhle Botanical.

Ukuze kube lula yokubuka nokuhlela ekuphathweni embukisweni yakhelwe umzila. Izivakashi ufake ngesango "Puertade Los Jeronimos", kwalandela ihholo emaphakathi Museum. Esitezi kukhona iqoqo imidwebo lase neSpanishi. Akulesi lonke esitezi sokuqala, kanye iqoqo imisebenzi Italian futhi abaculi isiFulentshi XVI-XVII eminyaka, etholakala ophikweni enyakatho. Ngena ngemvume ku-Museum kungenzeka futhi ngomunye esangweni, yaqanjwa brilliant abadwebi Spanish Murillo futhi Goya.

Eyesibili floor ozinikele ngokuphelele Rembrandt futhi Rubens. Kusuka lapho, ezitebhisini yehla futhi, iqala ukubonisa yobuciko kusuka "Golden Age," eyethulwe Velazquez, Murillo, futhi u-El Greco. omkhulu Goya imidwebo kokubili iphansi, esisogwini wesibili ka "imidwebo omnyama" yakhe. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi Museum inikeza zonke izinkathi European art kuze kube yobuciko kwekhulu XIX.

Vakashela Prado nibone "umusa amathathu"

Buka konke imisebenzi Prado ekuhambeleni okukodwa cishe akunakwenzeka, ezinye zazo wayeka isikhathi eside eziqhakambisa. Lezi abathandi art abafika lapha akukhona "show", ukuphinda uvakashele ngokuphindaphindiwe, zikhetha ukuchitha ku igalari sonke isikhathi khulula. Njengezinye amagugu olukhulu isiko emhlabeni, kukhona futhi umsebenzi, okuyinto eyaba uhlobo "ikhadi Ukushaya kwe" okuyiwona uchwepheshe njalo ukuhlukanisa Prado Museum e Madrid. Izithombe mikhiqizo yakhiwe of "Garden Yasemhlabeni Delights" Hieronymus Bosch, "The Triumph of Death" Bryuhelya, "UDavide NoGoliyati" by Caravaggio baba nezimpawu lokhu igalari. Kukhona nezinye yobuciko ukubona abalandeli ubuciko okusezingeni eliphezulu zivela emhlabeni wonke. "Yehla kusuka Cross", ebhalwe Vander Weyden, Rubens 'Amathathu azibeke', futhi Yebo "Imidwebo Black" Goya abakwazi ukushiya ubani ngabandayo.

Indlela ukuvakashelwa Prado ebizayo

Namuhla, kwezokuvakasha kwabamazwe ngamazwe zitholakala moneybags hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi abantu izindlela ngokulinganisela. Ngokungafani abacebile, basuke babe phakathi uhambo ukucabanga mayelana umnotho, futhi, njengoba sazi, uthando yobuciko akuyona ngqo wakhona Inani engenayo njalo. Ukuze udumo we Prado Museum Umhlahlandlela Kumele kuqashelwe ukubaluleka yeningi amathikithi lokhu yobuciko emangalisayo. Vakashela kube nokwenzeka 14 euro, eqolo (23 euro), le njabulo izobiza labo abafisa ukusizakala amasevisi umhlahlandlela, kodwa kukhona izindlela ezimbalwa okunokwethenjelwa ukunciphisa izindleko zokuxhumana kanye amahle. Eminyakeni emibili amahora ngamaSonto kungenwa mahhala. esezigugile nabafundi united Europe, othisha izintatheli kukhona okubi kakhulu. Abafundi bakwamanye amazwe ukukhokha isamba ufanekisela euro ezintathu, ingaphansi kuka izindleko inkomishi yekhofi eMadrid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nezinye izenzakalo, okuyinto ingatholakala ibhokisi ehhovisi Museum. Abasebenzi balapha banobungane futhi ihlale ikulungele ukusiza ukukhetha isikhathi ukonga kakhulu ukuvakashela Prado. ezithakazelisayo Ikakhulukazi Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izingane zivunyelwe lapha mahhala, futhi ngenxa yalokho bakholwe ubani kungazange kufinyelele engu-iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili.

ingqalasizinda Prado

Ngaphezu amahholo embukisweni, zikhona yonke nengqalasizinda edingekayo. Okugweda Modern nethuba ukwethula imisebenzi yabo kule igalari, eyenzelwe nemibukiso kwesizini. Futhi wadala omunye the best sokubuyiselwa workshop e-Europe, lapho kukhona izimo ngokucophelela ikakhulukazi umsebenzi wokubuyisela kokubili ziphephile zabo, futhi ukusiza amanye amaqoqo emhlabeni Museum.

Sasingavunyelwe ukhohlwe nezivakashi. Njengoba sazi ukuthi ngesikhathi ehambele le Prado futhi ujwayele zamagugu ayo usuku olulodwa akukwazi ngokwanele, futhi izivakashi achitha amahora amaningi-ke ngezinye izikhathi kube izinsuku eziningana, wadala izimo sokuzilibazisa. Ungakwazi udle in the restaurant kanye cafe. Kukhona futhi izitolo lapho izivakashi ukuthenga izinto eziyizikhumbuzo. Park eseduze isikhungo embukisweni, iyindawo yokuzilibazisa izivakashi, okhatheleyo, kodwa bejabule.