Plasmodium falciparum - umthombo isifo esikhohlisayo

Omunye kusukela ukugula okungathí sina kakhulu, okuyinto futhi esabisa ubhubhane - kuba umalaleveva. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, uthatha ukuphila kwezinkulungwane zabantu bakithi - i ikhambi eliphumelelayo umalaleveva wayengekho. Nokho, eSoviet isikhathi umalaleveva lalethwa ngaphansi kolawulo ngisho ukunciphisa ukuze isenzakalo esisodwa, okwathi ngokushesha zehlela ngaphansi ukunakwa kwabasebenzi bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe.

Plasmodium falciparum, okuyinto agent causative of isifo ngezinhlobo eziningi. Bonke ihlukaniswa njengoba "izimuncagazi." Emzimbeni womuntu ungakwazi parasitize Amagciwane kosuku nantathu izinsuku ezine, kanye nomalaleveva ezishisayo. Njengoba uhlobo angawodwa lwegciwane ovalemalyarii, etholakala e-Afrika Ephakathi. Zonke lezi zinhlobo abe umjikelezo ofanayo wokuphila, isakhiwo esifanayo, kuphela eminye imininingwane zihlukile.

Amagciwane malarial budluliselwe kusuka omiyane ezithelela umuntu ngokusebenzisa ukulunywa. I lwegciwane omiyane ngamathe ingaphansi sporozoite. Kanye Plasmodium igazi falciparum ukugeleza okungena izicubu isibindi, lapho ebalulekile yempilo qophelo amagciwane - schizogony. Kubantu, le nkathi kuvumelana ukuthuthukiswa Plasmodium bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi sifo. Ngo isibindi, sporozoites ka schizonts ukuthuthukisa - zikhula ngobukhulu futhi ngenkuthalo wahlukanise izinkulungwane indodakazi amaseli. Ngakho e-Amangqamuzana ama- isibindi ayafa, enika izimpawu eziqondile. Ngemva isinyathelo schizogony izimuncagazi asezindaweni igazi, lapho isinyathelo ubabonisa ezingeni kwamangqamuzana egazi - schizogony erythrocytic. Ngakho Plasmodium falciparum ubamba-hemoglobin (ingxenye amaprotheni of globin yayo) kanye uyaqhubeka ukukhiqizwa kabusha asexual. Lo mjikelezo kungaba liphindwe egazini izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu kujwayele ukwenzeka zonke ezintathu - izinsuku amane, okwakubonisa ukuthi lo nokuvuthwa iqoqo elisha plasmodium. Amagugu, okuyinto uhlala ku-hemoglobin ngokwawo ushevu eqinile. Lapho abomvu egazi Ukuvutha kanye ezidala umalaleveva egazini uyaphuma, iphume nalo futhi amagugu khulula. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu ukusekela amagciwane azizwa neziqubu imfiva malarial. Kuwa uphawu - imfiva. Kulesi sigaba, atholwa lapho kuhlanzwa khona nesineke womuntu itheleleke omiyane, futhi luba othwala isifo. I beya nezilokazane ezibangela umalaleveva ku esiswini omiyane, ke ripens, okusakazwa futhi iqaliswe ngaphansi epithelium esiswini. Lapha zygote uyanda futhi ihlukaniswe. Ekupheleni umjikelezo siphukile, negazi wenziwa bonke kwezitho nezicubu. aqoqana kakhulu e ngamathe, lapho omiyane futhi ithelela yisisulu entsha - umuntu. Ngakho, kuyacaca ukuthi umuntu - nje ibutho Lesisemkhatsini for Plasmodium ngoba ukukhiqizwa kabusha senzeka nje ngaleso omiyane, okuyinto umninikhaya esichazayo.

Kubantu, umalaleveva kubonakala lokushisa eliphezulu ngabe ujuluka kakhulu. Fever sithatha amahora mayelana nelesithupha, isiguli omile, uzizwa fever, ezidabukile imisipha. Fever eziyingozi ephezulu lokushisa izinkomba - oyedwa amane degrees (a emphethweni amaprotheni nokufa kwenzeka lapho abangamashumi amane nambili emzimbeni womuntu). Lena ukusabela komzimba ukukhululwa ubuthi ngenxa msebenzi obalulekile we plasmodium nokudedela heme. Mayelana umjikelezo wezinsuku ezintathu we Plasmodium lokushisa ezine futhi imigqomo ngokuvumelana nenkathi. Uma kukhona iyaphindwa ukunqotshwa, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kugcinwa njalo - lokhu esigabeni esiyingozi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, umzimba uqala akhiqiza amasosha omzimba ngokushesha.

I esiyingozi kakhulu umalaleveva tropical ezakhamuzini amazwekazi abangebona base-Afrika - abayikho nzinyana ukubekezelela isifo ngenxa yokuntuleka ukumelana indlela ukuthi Afrika Sekutholakele.

Ukuze ugweme umalaleveva, gwema ukulunywa omiyane, ungabi izindawo eziseduze ezimanzi, amaxhaphozi, ihlathi amachibi, ukuthatha mechanical (amanetha) kanye nemikhiqizo chemical (okhilimu, izifutho), anti-omiyane.