Pashkov House eMoscow. Pashkov yetivakashi ekhatsi Moscow, izinkambo, isithombe, ikheli

Ngamunye dolobha has a izimpawu zendawo eyingqayizivele liyabonakala, okuyinto ngokushesha ukunquma luhlobo luni lomuzi okukhulunywa ngakho. Umuzi omkhulu Russia iyona Pashkov House. E-Moscow, okubizwa ngokuthi immortalized izincwadi emhlabeni Mihailom Afanasievichem Bulgakovym isakhiwo Belvedere lapho ilanga Voland kwelanga Azazello wahlola eMoscow amahle savalelisa yakhe kuze kube phakade.

Ubani lo muntu owanika igama wobuciko yezakhiwo

"Shono Bulgakov Mihail ibekwe izinhlamvu yakhe, kahle, akukho, hhayi endlini futhi ophahleni (Khona-ke wonke e Moscow ...)." Omunye sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ngokuthi umbhali yobungoti yazo "Umninimuzi UMargarita" Pashkov yetivakashi ekhatsi Moscow, ezakhiwe oda "owokuqala Russian vodka inkosi", Pashkova Petra Egorovicha, ezifunela udumo futhi inkani (baphikisana omakhelwane) umuntu. Akuwona wonke induna-uLieutenant (manje lesikhulu sombutho eziphezulu), bethwele inkonzo ngisho elite Life Guards Semenov ibutho, angase amakhe injabulo yakhe "ezibiyele yakho siqu" okulungile phambi eMoscow Kremlin. Umlimi ocebile owayefuna ukuhamba kumemori yakhe, futhi wakwenza - bambalwa kakhulu abantu ungazi Pashkov House eMoscow. Abaningi kokuncoma wobuciko, lathumela uyofuna ukwazi ukuthi ubani owayebaluleke umnikazi, ngubani UMBHALI obhekele iphrojekthi. Futhi kuyinto umzukulu uPetru mina batman idume eminyaka umuntu enza khona umnikelo kuya charm esiyingqayizivele capital wethu, welula nasemagqumeni eziyisikhombisa.

Elinye lamadolobha ukuthi eyakhelwe amagquma eziyisikhombisa

Ezweni kukhona angaphezu emadolobheni kweshumi, esisogwini inani elifanayo amagquma, ezihlanganisa neRoma, waseConstantinople naseWashington. amagquma Amagama eMoscow ajabulise umcabango - Sparrow Hills, Lefortovo amagquma Zayauze. Vagankovsky entabeni, okuyinto ethwele le 1784 omunye izinto kunazo yesiteleka eMoscow, manje afundziswe ngekuhlanganiswa District Presnya futhi ubizwa ngokuthi 'izintaba ezintathu ".

kakhulu maphakathi inhlokodolobha

Uma ubheka ibalazwe Central kwesiFunda, singabona ukuthi naphezu ikheli (umgwaqo Vozdvizhenka, 3 \ 5, ukwakha 1), Pashkov yetivakashi ekhatsi Moscow kuyinto lapho kwakuphambana khona Znamenka futhi Moss. ephumayo Main okuholela Starovagankovsky alley kanye olungaphambili lwesonto okuhlakaniphile isakhiwo itshalwa kuya Moss Street, bese - kuya Borodino amagquma kanye Kremlin. "Inkaba Zomhlaba", futhi kuphela. Ngaphambi esigodlweni ekuqaleni nanulsu hhayi ngobuhlungu ikhaya elihle epaki masimu nge amachibi zamatshe ezimbili, grottos, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu imithombo, lizungezwe omangalisayo ekhandiwe Iron kocingo, insalela okuyinto ezazigcinwe Znamenka kuze kube namuhla. Yiqiniso, endaweni ndawo eyayithengwe Pashkov endlini isonto St. Nicolas. Vagankovsky esigodlweni egqumeni waba ngowokuqala eMoscow, futhi kuleli zwe isakhiwo wokuziphilisa, ogama amafasitela Ivanovo ebonakalayo kanye Cathedral Square kanye Kremlin. Eduze ibhuloho lamatshe.

Wayeyisazi izakhiwo

Ubani ngaleso sikhathi kungaba umbhali yobuciko ezifana Pashkov yetivakashi ekhatsi Moscow? Ukuhlela ukwakheka Vasiliy Ivanovich Bazhenov (1738-1799), Iphini umongameli wokuqala we-Imperial Academy of Arts, indoda kokufaneleka Akuve phambi izakhiwo Russian. Engingakusho nje sibala eziyinkimbinkimbi isigodlo Tsaritsyno ayakha iminyaka 10 futhi Pashkov yetivakashi ekhatsi Moscow, ukuze baqonde yemakhono wayeyisazi-classic.

Phezulu lokusungula

ezinhle Ikakhulukazi wobuciko yakhe eMoscow. Castle indaba, ngokusho kongoti, owasungulwa entabeni Vagankovsky Bazhenov. Pashkov yetivakashi ekhatsi Moscow uyakujabulela zonke Ongoti bokwakha, hhayi kuphela ubuhle eyingqayizivele, kodwa futhi "ephelele, ukuqondanisa esiphelele zonke izingxenye e isakhiwo esifanayo" Yilokho okwabhalwa connoisseur nesithandwa bokwakha I. Grabar. Futhi akekho, uyakholelwa ukuthi academician izakhiwo Vasily Bazhenov wadala esigodlweni uyathandeka, ngokubheka phezulu, sifana ebaziwe omkhulu esisekelweni. Pashkov yetivakashi ekhatsi Moscow, ogama isitayela - classicism, waba uphawu lokuhlala Russia kulesi siqondiso. Akhiwe eendleleni eziseduze engela, indlu ubukeka kangcono buqamama, isibonelo, iphuzu etholakala ekuqaleni ohlangothini lingalingani Volkhonka.

engeli engcono

Uma ubheka indlu bekude, kungenzeka ukulandela Ukwakheka isixazululo single - ezigxotsheni uyaqhubeka ezitebhisini namakholomu olungaphambili lwesonto, isiyingi ithala ezisonga emhlabeni phezulu ngalé nenhle izindonga, ku esimelela emphemeni Gazebo. Ngo umthombo ezinye umphakathi ukuthi umbala yokuqala kwezindonga orange. Lokhu wobuciko ezakhiwo usayizi kahle esikhulu kunikeza umbono emoyeni, efuna ukumbopha.

gugu lesizwe

Lendlu wawuyizingalo ngakho okuhle, futhi amelwe inani eMoscow, ngemva umlilo 1812, okuyinto engawayekanga futhi Paszkowski Palace, izimali ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo, naphezu zengcebo eshisiwe nabanikazi, zanikezelwa endaweni yomcebo isimo. Palace le isimangaliso eMoscow - ubuhle bakhe ungeze iziqhumane nokuthi kuwe kutholakele ukukhanyiselwa, wahlela yokudumisa namaqhinga enikezwa abanikazi. izinyoni Strange abahlezi ezinkanjini ezibizayo noma abahambahamba enqamula epaki, kukhuphuke umbono fabulous ezipheka Pashkov House eMoscow. Izithombe esihlokweni ukukhombisa esigodlweni ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi ungabona kanjani okuhle nguye.

Isuka kwesinye isandla iye

Ngandlela-thile kuba esidumazayo ukufunda ukuthi abanye ochwepheshe bakungabaza ubuqambi Bazhenov.

Esikhathini wokugcina umngenisi wezihambi uhlobo Pashkov e 1839 eyathengwa ngu yengcebo isimo nezidingo eyunivesithi. Kodwa kamuva izikhathi baqhubeka ukushintsha handsome abanikazi endlini. Ngakho, kakade 1843 ke ixazululwe kahle eyunivesithi boarding school, okuyinto yena, lalenziwa YaseMoscow Isikhungo kwamadoda asebukhosini, futhi kamuva ngo 1852 - e sokuzivocavoca edolobheni №4. Ngo-1861, Pashkov House lidlule Rumyantsev Museum.

Umsuka "Lenin Library"

Futhi ngo-1921, lapho-ke wathola ezingaphezu kuka-400 requisitioned imitapo yangasese, wonke amanye iminyango Museum zidluliselwa kwesinye isakhiwo. Lezi zincwadi abasele kubalwa izisekelo edumile "Lenin Library", okuyinto, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, baba Russian State Library. Ubani eRussia wamaSoviet wawungafuni ukwazi umtapo? Ezwa ngakho, ngisho nalabo nakancane mayelana Pashkov House. 'Inkazimulo yokugcina yale ncwadi Depository yayingekho ngaphansi abadumile Pashkov Ndlu namuhla. Wayengumngane Heroine kwabaningi sici amafilimu, wabhala mayelana izinkondlo zakhe - "... futhi kusukela yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, indlu wathuthela umtapo! Nokho, ukuthi "Lenin Library" igama, abafundi njalo lapha elinde ... ".

Beka besekela ukuzalwa legends

Uma uguqula abanikazi eziningi kangaka Pashkov yetivakashi ekhatsi Moscow, ogama izakhiwo inikeza okuningi emakhoneni ezifihliwe futhi engaqondakali, phakathi nokuba khona kwamakamu igcwele-legends. Akukhona nje esigodlweni kodwa futhi wonke Vagankovsky amagquma egcwele izimbobo emazinyweni ongaqondakali, nasemihumeni, imigede komhlaba, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphansi Pashkov House kwatholakala nenani elikhulu labantu, 8 amamitha amabili ububanzi, ngaphakathi itshe elimhlophe kahle. Lapho eziholela khona, akunakwenzeka ukusho, ngoba imiphumela yocwaningo akuphelelanga ngenxa izindonga kubhidlika womthombo, nokwesaba wokugoqa kwesisekelo isakhiwo. Futhi kungokwemvelo ukuthi kuye kwasikiselwa (ke wavezwa, isibonelo, isazi semivubukulo iy Stelletsky) ukuthi ingagcinwa lapha Libereya abadumile - yigama Ivana Groznogo Library. Kungani kungenjalo, phela kukhona mayelana 60 isitoreji nezinsolo we edume izindawo umtapo, okwakuwuphawu eshisiwe inkosazana ethile yaseByzantium Sofi Paleolog, waba mfazi Ivan III.

Ayikho sibi kakhulu kunalokho okuboniswa Huggie

Asinakusho mayelana Omunye umlando uthi le Pashkov House. Ungishiya cute, kodwa ngokuphelele amazing - kubhebhethekiswe izinganekwane inxuluma usehlale usongo Rubakin UNikolai Alexandrovich (1862-1946), i-pointer kumbhali sokweluleka ka "Phakathi izincwadi" futhi "Psychology umfundi futhi incwadi." Le ndoda, bibliologist futhi bibliographer, wenza imitapo ezimbili ezinkulu (Imiqulu ezingaphezu kuka-200 eziyinkulungwane) futhi wabanika njengesipho kubantu. Ubani, uma kungekhona ukuthi "Bookworm" (ngomqondo best of izwi) hhayi ukuba azulazule amahholo amazwe enkulu yale ncwadi esitolo! umuntu futhi abalandeli legend izaba zokuthi uma siphendukela kuye ukuba asisize sithole incwadi efanele, alusoze lwaphela nanini.

Ngemva sokubuyiselwa eyaphela ngo-2009, lontamo inxuluma onalo yesandla yasendulo, futhi kwesokunxele itholakala umtapo umculo.

Uhambo endlini-legend

Bathi emnyango "komhlaba eMoscow", lapho aqhubeka yengcebo isimo uma kwenzeka imililo, ngakho ngokuvamile ezazihlupha dolobha ephakathi, kwakuyikho impela ku Vagankovsky egqumeni. Nokho, enye lapho Woland ukuthi ephonsa shazi yokuvalelisa eMoscow? Uhlukile ezicini zonke, i-Pashkov House eMoscow. Uhambo ku le ncwadi yanginika ukukhanya ezindabeni eziningi ezithakazelisayo izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke, futhi awanike ithuba zibabaza ukubukwa amahle kunayo Kremlin. Tours kakhulu nangokwazisa uphiwa nsuku zonke. Iqoqa endaweni, njengoba umthetho, kuphambene Kutafia ezibiyele umbhotjhongo nofana etsheni lesikhumbuzo ukuze Fyodor Dostoevsky, noma ophumayo umasipala "Library kubo. Lenin ". Tours baqhuba ochwepheshe, isiqondiso ezimbalwa - kusukela Sakhiwo sangekhatsi futhi umhlobiso lwesigodlo isihloko Woland, okungukuthi, zonke ezingaqondakali, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu futhi engaqondakali eMoscow - Pashkov endlini.