"Oseltamivir": yokusetshenziswa, analogs, incazelo izidakamizwa

Kungani linqume izidakamizwa "Oseltamivir"? Yokusetshenziswa, analogs, izinkomba kanye contraindications of the izidakamizwa uzobe kuchazwe kancane okunye. Siphinde ngikuxoxele kwindlela ungakwazi ukuthenga wathi nomuthi, yini izindawo nakhona, ngabe imiphumela emibi nokunye. D.

Ubujamo, isakhiwo, incazelo lomuthi

Ngo ukudayiswa izidakamizwa iza ngesimo amaphilisi aphuzi angu-mhlophe. "Oseltamivir" - kuyinto prodrug. Lapho udle, it is hydrolyzed futhi waguquka waba isithako esebenzayo - carboxylate oseltamivir.

Ngaphezu amaphilisi kanye nomuthi kukhishelwa ngesimo powder ukukhanya ukumiswa ngomlomo.

Izici imithi

izidakamizwa "Oseltamivir" Isebenza kanjani? Imiyalelo isicelo uthi nomphumela oqabulayo yalesi imithi kusekelwe ukucindezelwa womsebenzi enzyme, okuyinto zitholakala kwi egciwaneni virion Umkhuhlane.

Phezu kokuthola nomuthi emzimbeni womuntu ingxenye yayo esemqoka uguqulwa kuya metabolite asebenzayo. Ngakho, oseltamivir carboxylate ngokukhetha kuvimbela neuraminidase. Ngenxa yalokho kuzichaya iyeke viral cell ukubuyabuyelela inqubo.

Ngokwe-art, kokuthatha lesi imithi kufanele sinikezwe kungakapheli amahora 35 ngemva izimpawu zokuqala Umkhuhlane. Kuphela ngale ndlela isikhathi lesi sifo ingancishiswa ngo-30%, kanti okungenzeka yezinkinga nobukhali izimpawu - 40%.

Pharmacokinetics zomuthi

Kungakhathaliseki imithi ugxile "Oseltamivir"? Yokusetshenziswa ubonisa ukuthi cishe u-90% oseltamivir phosphate ugxile pheshana gastro-emathunjini. Ingqikithi asebenzayo ukuguqulelwa carboxylate ka oseltamivir, bese ingena kwegazi.

Mayelana 3% isithako esebenzayo nakanjani plasma amaprotheni. bioavailability yaso cishe 76-85% nokuqeda isigamu-nokuphila - 120 amaminithi.

Kusukela womuntu oseltamivir carboxylate isuselwe izinso (cishe 80%) kanye esiswini (20%). Isigamu-ukuphila umuthi amahora 6-10.

izinkomba

Kungani linqume izidakamizwa "Oseltamivir" (iqembu ipulazi -. Ejenti elwa namagciwane)? Ngokusho imiyalelo, le nomuthi isetshenziswa ukwelapha Umkhuhlane A no B. Futhi, livame ukusetshenziswa nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Izimo

Ingabe "Oseltamivir" contra (incazelo ukulungiselela seyenziwe ngenhla)? Ngokusho imiyalelo, ukuthathwa izidakamizwa akuvunyelwe ku:

• Hypersensitivity ukuze isithako esebenzayo;
• kwezinso ukwehluleka (ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo zomuthi kulezi iziguli engakaze ezikhonjwe);
• kubantfwana labancane kunalabo unyaka 1 (akukho okuqinisekile ngokuthi ukwakheka Bbb ezinganeni);
• bekhulelwe nangenkathi bencelisa (akwaziwa ukuthi ngabe umuthi excreted ku obisini lwebele abesifazane, futhi noma ngabe kuthinta fetus).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le imithi Kunconywa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-13, njengoba ochwepheshe ungazange inqunyelwe ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo ka 'Oseltamivir' ngokuba nokwelashwa kwezinkinga Umkhuhlane.

Izidakamizwa "Oseltamivir": yokusetshenziswa

Vidal (Medicines Handbook) iqukethe ulwazi olunzulu on kanjani futhi kulokho Isikali kufanele uthathe isidakamizwa embuzweni. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi linqume izidakamizwa kufanele udokotela kuphela. Phela, kuphela uchwepheshe abanolwazi uzokwazi ukukhetha ilungelo ukwelashwa lwemithi, okuyinto ngokushesha nangempumelelo ukuqeda zonke izimpawu elibuhlungu isifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Ngakho kulokho Isikali ezinqunyiwe "Oseltamivir"? Yokusetshenziswa ibonisa ukuthi lokhu izidakamizwa kumele kusetshenziswe ezinsukwini ezingu-2 lapho kuqala izimpawu zokuqala umkhuhlane.

Izingane abaneminyaka engama-13 abantu abadala izidakamizwa yaphathwa isamba 75 mg kabili ngosuku izinsuku 5. Kufanele kube ngokushesha kuqashelwe ukuthi okwandisa umthamo zomuthi (isib, kuze 150 mg ngelanga) ayimlethelanga anda nomphumela oqabulayo.

Uma izidakamizwa ufuna ukwabela izingane ezineminyaka engu eminyakeni 1-12, umthamo is kushintshwe kuye ngokuthi isisindo umzimba wengane.

Ukuvimbela imfuluwenza ukuba abadala kanye nezingane engaphezu kwengu-13 enqunyiwe 75 mg 1 kanye amasonto 6 ngosuku (isib, ngesikhathi umqedazwe).

Iziguli Cl creatinine engaphansi kuka-30 ml ngomzuzu edingekayo ukulungisa umthamo (75 mg kanye izinsuku 5 ngosuku).

imiphumela emibi izidakamizwa ngemva kokungenisa

Noma yimuphi ukusabela ezingezinhle siqeda nokuphathwa ukulungiselela 'Oseltamivir'? Imiyalelo isicelo uthi ngokuvamile kubonakala khona ukusabela ezingezinhle kukhona isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Ezimweni eziningi, le miphumela anganawo noma ngokulinganisela ayishilo futhi zivamise ukwenzeka ngezinsuku zokuqala zokwelashwa.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kwezinye iziguli ezigulini ethola izidakamizwa kokubuyekezwa, ukuthuthukisa ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, inzululwane, ukuqwasha, angina engazinzile, nesifo pseudomembranous, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, i-pneumonia, humerus Waphuka, ithumba peritonsillar nomkhuhlane.

ezingavamile kakhulu abantu ngokuthatha izidakamizwa "Oseltamivir", kukhona ubuhlungu besisu, ukuzwa ecasukile okungapheli, umongozima conjunctivitis. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi ukusabela zenzeka kanye kuphela futhi zinyamalale bebodwa, naphezu ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. imihlola okunjalo angadingi ukuqedwa imithi.

Ukulandela ukuqashwa kukaNksz izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane ezinganeni kanye intsha futhi imiphumela manifest ezingezinhle. Zihlanganisa izinto ezifana nokuqubuka, ezinobuthi epidermal necrolysis, ukuvuvukala ulimi noma ubuso, arrhythmia, ukudideka, ukuquleka naqhubeka sikashukela ukugeleza.

izidakamizwa ekuhlanganyeleni

Imininingwane etholwe inkambo izifundo pharmacokinetic imithi asho ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa isifo abalulekile izidakamizwa ekuhlanganyeleni babe lokhu izidakamizwa akunakwenzeka.

Iziqondiso ezifakwe izidakamizwa, kuthiwa isicelo ngesikhathi esisodwa nomuthi nge probenecid kuholela ekwandeni e AUC we metabolite asebenzayo izikhathi 2. Nokho, umthamo ukulungiswa ayidingekile.

amacala ukweqisa izidakamizwa

Ziyini izimpawu ukubonwa in iziguli "Oseltamivir" ngemithamo ephakeme zomuthi? Izibuyekezo kanye nemiyalelo asho ukuthi kuze kube manje kwavela Ezimweni ezinjalo. Nokho, imithamo eyodwa imithi elwa namagciwane kungabangela ukuhlanza noma isicanucanu.

Ukuxazulula lezi zimpawu, ukwelashwa lingaze.

izincomo Specific ukuthola imithi

Yini odinga ukuyazi isiguli, ngaphambi kokuthatha "Oseltamivir"? Yokusetshenziswa (izingane kanye nabantu abadala bangase babe ezahlukene side effects) kubonisa ukuthi umuthi awusebenzi yokugoma yonyaka. Akazange ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa nezinkinga ezingase zibe zenzeka izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kanye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Analogs nomuthi

"Oseltamivir" - umuthi senzelwe ukwelapha nokuvimbela Umkhuhlane. Kuyinto ejenti elwa namagciwane esiphathelene inhibitor ka neuraminidase. Lesi sidakamizwa eyaziwa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo "Tamiflu". analogs Bezakhiwe ingekho. Ukusebenza abaseduze, kodwa kancane eliphansi, izidakamizwa alandelayo esikhundleni, "Relenza", "Arbidol", "Flustol", "Kagocel" nabanye.

Izibuyekezo nokuhlola ukusebenza zomuthi

Ngokusho imiphumela yokuhlolwa, okuyinto eyatholakala e-United States futhi eMexico, amagciwane amasha bayayiqaphela neuraminidase inhibitors ( "Zanamivir" futhi "Oseltamivir"), kodwa amelana elinye iqembu - adamantanes ( "rimantadine", "Amantadine") .

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ochwepheshe engenaye ngempumelelo yaleli izidakamizwa ekwelapheni Umkhuhlane afakwe kuwo abantu ngenhliziyo ezingalapheki kanye nezifo zokuphefumula.

Ngokwe-odokotela, lesi sidakamizwa kunciphisa isikhathi izimpawu emini 1, kodwa lokhu kuphela icala uma ukwelashwa kwaqalwa emahoreni ambalwa okuqala ngemva ukuxhumana nesineke.

Kuze kube manje, akukho ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngokuphathelene nakho ukuthi umphumela edonsa isidakamizwa nokudlondlobala yezinkinga izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma ezithathelwanayo.