Opus - a term zomculo. Iyini injongo umculo umqondo?

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "opus" maqondana namasiko zomculo? Umlando izindawo elivela kuzo igama, ngesisekelo yayo theory njengoba ezothatha ihlandla zomculo, ukubaluleka wamanje - konke lokhu kamuva esihlokweni.

Ngokwesiko lethu, ulimi igama elithi "opus" wanamathela ngokuyinhloko nezincazelo ezimbili semantic:

• definition Mocking futhi wokwedelela kwabanye imisebenzi ebhaliwe akuyona ezitusekayo.
• "Opus" - a term zomculo.

Njengoba ne konke kuqala samuntu kucacile, zama yesibili ukuqonda.

Ukuvela kwegama elithi "opus"

Ngesikhathi enhliziyweni izwi, "umculo" nombono wokuthi "umculo", kodwa yesibili akuyona liyefana yini kuqala, futhi imingcele zomlando.

Kukhona umculo, njengoba umkhiqizo, futhi lokhu kungenxa isiko ebhaliwe; futhi kukhona umculo, njengoba imisebenzi ehambisana isampula sokudlala yayo improvisational.

Lokhu umehluko ukuthi sokuqala esilotshwe indatshana yakhe N.Listeniusa «Musica» e 1537. Kuyinto kule indatshana yaqale batshelwa ukuthi opus - a "lokubhalwa, ngokugcwele umkhiqizo osuphelile." Ngakho, umqondo omusha we "opus" yaqale eqoshiwe.

Ngo nenkulungwane yokuqala kobuKristu owayebusa yetemlomo umculo kangangokuthi ngisho elithi "Improvisation" alikho nhlobo, ngoba kwakungekho okunye. Ukuthuthukiswa ezimbili izinguqulo lekudala umculo kuphela owaqala ngokuvukela eminyaka 9-10, lapho amakhophi okuqala angu-eqoshiwe ephepheni.

Phakathi nale nkathi yokuba Ephakathi "opusnaya" umculo "umkhuba" isekhona parallel, zonke izenzakalo zokuphila komuntu ayehambisana abaculi edlala futhi umculi ngokuvamile alternated izingoma zakhe siqu nabanye abantu ngaphandle kokuzizwa umugqa omkhulu okhona phakathi imiqondo le.

Kwakubalulekile ukuba sihlanganise amakhono usumisiwe amafomula, izisusa efanayo ngokukhululekile uthuthe komunye umsebenzi kwenye, futhi bekubonakala njengenkulumo ukusebenzisa umqondo womunye. Talent kubonakala indlela yokwelashwa material.

Ibhalwe isiko zomculo - emisha European

Kancane kancane yaba izinto eziningi futhi baziswa ngaphezulu eseyintsha imisebenzi, ukudalwa entsha, hhayi ngaphambili yayikhona amashuni, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi "ngokubhala". Ngalo mqondo, umlando ukwakheka art European zomculo professional akuhlukile izinqubo ezenzeka nakwamanye amazwekazi.

Umehluko oyinhloko amanga kuphela yokuthi kuba eYurophu kuvela ngokubhala lokusungula, lapha wazalwa ebhaliwe kuphela isiko emhlabeni zomculo. Futhi ukuthi konke kwashintsha: umqondo omusha yobuciko zomculo, le yobuhle nenqubo ishintshile lo Psychology lokusungula, izilungiselelo sokuzwa Kwamiswa izindlela zokufundisa umculo efanele.

Ndawonye ngezithako unikalizatsiey zomculo, umqondo "umqambi" - ungumdali umkhiqizo omusha. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukudala umculo azimele wodwa ukuthi ayisahambisani ne iyiphi izidingo yasendlini, futhi eyigugu uqobo.

Lokulungisiswa ezicatshangelwayo zezinkolelo-nombono wokuthi "opus"

sefilosofi German nowayenguSomhlahlandlela umculo kwekhulu lamashumi amabili Carl Dahlhaus likhombe izimfanelo ezilandelayo ichaze welithi "opus":

• ukuphelela compositional;
• alotshwe embhalweni ebhaliwe uhlobo ngokugcwele;
• ukuzimela, ukungabi bikho kokukhanya isicelo yokubopha umculo;
• "Ecabanga Tebuciko like sibambe ongezansi" Inani eziwumgogodla "umculo ngokuphelele" ngaphandle umbhalo kanye nezinhlelo.

Omunye umculo umhlaziyi German Hans Eggebreht wanikeza incazelo enembile ngaphezulu "umsebenzi" umqondo, ubhala ukuthi "opus" - kuyinto:

• theoreticity (kwakuwukuthi imithetho kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela);
• khona ukujula yefilosofi okuqukethwe;
• zafiksirovanny amanothi;
• Polyphony;
• kungokwalabo umbhali;
• umumo ukuphelela;
• ubunjalo.

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "opus" namuhla?

Kuze kube yimanje, opus - ayisekho nje indaba, amanothi eqoshiwe ephepheni. Igama elithi "opus" kusho ukuthi umsebenzi bekulokhu kunyatheliswa izincwadi futhi ngabelwa inombolo ethile. Kuye isikhathi lapho yanyatheliswa umculo, opus angase abe inkulumo elikhulu noma elincane zezinombolo.

Uma ngesikhathi impilo umqambi ngoba eminye yemisebenzi yakhe noma engakaze ephrintiwe kanye kanye, Ngakho-ke, akudingeki opus yakhe, kunikezelwe igama "opus posthumous", okungukuthi, umuntu okuye kwanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa kombhali.

inombolo Opus akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi kubonise nesikhathi sokulotshwa imisebenzi. Uma wawulotshwe enkathini yokuqala umsebenzi wakhe, futhi ishicilelwe okokuqala ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, futhi nenombolo opus bayonikezwa kamuva. Ngokwesibonelo, siqanjwe ebusheni bakhe Rondo "Uhlala uthukuthele phezu penny elahlekile" iyinombolo opus ngasekupheleni 129.

Ngezinye izikhathi umqambi ishicilela imisebenzi eminingana. Bonke sanikwa inombolo opus kodwa izinombolo ezahlukene serial. Ngokwesibonelo, 24 Preludes ngu Chopin eshicilelwe njengoba Opus 28, kodwa ube izinombolo ezahlukene serial kusuka 1 kuya 24. Ngakho, inkulumo ethi "Chopin - Prelude lesihlanu" futhi "Chopin - Opus 28 №5" asho into efanayo.