Okuhlezi emqondweni kahle: usayizi, GOST. imikhiqizo ukhonkolo

Precast kwagcizelela ukhonkolo kahle - omunye imikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu futhi likufuna, okuyinto Yaziwa ukuphila layo isevisi eside futhi high amandla mechanical nokwethembeka. Lona isilinganiso elilungile kakhulu izinga kanye nentengo. Esakhiwe aphathekako afana kuba lula futhi ngokushesha kunezinye imithombo. Kwemisebenzi yoMnyango kulungiselelwa isikhathi ubhekwa kwentwasahlobo, lapho iningi amazinga aphansi komhlaba. Nokho ubukhulu ukhonkolo ungaba ezihlukene kakhulu, kuncike ring usayizi.

umklamo Izici

Idivayisi kwemithombo enjalo ulula, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwayo kufanele ikhumbule zonke nezidingo GOST futhi SNIP. Letakhi eziyize mpo aqukethe:

• phansi nge ikhanda eziyize;
• ikhala kahle odongeni 1000-1500 mm ububanzi (we ukujula oyifunayo kuyakhethwa);
• izindandatho ekhethekile 600 mm ububanzi, okuyinto lokulawula ukuphakama kahle futhi ibekwe entanyeni;
• ikhava ogibele dweba.

Njengomthetho, prefabricated manholes ukhonkolo noma cishe zifakwa ngokuphelele emhlabathini, elise ngezansi noma ngenhla ezingeni komhlaba.

Lapho obandayo ingxenye ugqoko ukwakha enzansi yabo wathela ukhonkolo.

Okuhlezi emqondweni ukhonkolo izindandatho ngoba imithombo

Lezi ukhonkolo yakha emphinjeni womthombo. Izindandatho Uyi metal lath eyenziwe valve futhi isipikili ukhonkolo. Manufactured imikhiqizo ngokuhambisana GOST 8020-90 nge isixwayisi ngokucindezela ngokhonkolo esindayo, ngalokho lunikeze ubukhulu ngqo kanye kwabantu izindonga. Isetshenziselwa ekuqeqesheni nasekuqondiseni emakhiyubhi emgodini ukhonkolo.

ikhava ukhonkolo

Lokhu elementi kwagcizelela manholes ukhonkolo wenza ephezulu amandla ukhonkolo. Isetshenziswa njengesici slabs phansi ekupheleni ukufakwa ka mgodi izindandatho. Amakhava abe ukuma round futhi imbobo phezulu, lapho oba avumelanise isikhathi ukuze achanyuselwe. Lo msuka kwesakhiwo kuvimbela ukungenisa izinto zangaphandle kanye ukuvikela ukungcola. Made ikhava ye kahle ngokhonkolo esindayo futhi ngaphandle ukuqinisa, ngalokho lunikeze amandla nokwethembeka owengeziwe.

Phansi kahle

Lena esibalulekile futhi kudingekile imigodi prefabricated emele Monolithic kwagcizelela setshe ukhonkolo ukuma isiyingi. Phansi kuqala ngihlaliswa kushaft emithonjeni. Phezu kwaso unamathisele indandatho kahle futhi ikhava nge dweba. Yilokho senziwa kanjani qualitatively futhi ngendlela efanele ifakiwe, nekusebenta kahle kuncike.

Izinhlobo futhi injongo imithombo

Lapho isiqu RC-emithonjeni zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• Indle (indle, amanzi). Yakhelwe ukudala yokukhuculula indle endaweni amathonsi amapayipi, egoba nokunye. D.
• Amanzi. Khonza njengoba izakhi Ukushisa namanzi, uhlelo namanzi.
• Igesi yemvelo amapayipi. Ingabe tincenye main igesi amapayipi.

Njengoba ukusebenza emgodini ukhonkolo kungaba:

1. Ukuhlolwa. It ukhonza ukulawula lonke uhlelo.
2. Perepadnaya. Asetshenziswa baphendukela inethiwekhi, ezindaweni lapho kunomehluko eqinile amapayipi, amapayipi lapho ngokuhlanganisa ekujuleni ezahlukene kunethiwekhi eyodwa, nokunye. D.
3. Ukuvula. Isetshenziselwa esikhundleni amapayipi Ukujikeleza ukuze kuvinjelwe okuvimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezelwa kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezaba wokuhlola.
4. Filtration (ukuhlunga). Kudingeka i-yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Okuhlezi emqondweni emgodini ukhonkolo isethwe ngenhla ezingeni komhlaba.
5. Okunqwabelanayo. Isetshenziselwa ukuqongelela imfucuza futhi ngokuvamile usetha engxenyeni ephansi iphuzu ukuqinisekisa engela elikhulu ukuthambekela amapayipi.

Izinzuzo ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu

1. Amandla ukhonkolo. Okuhlezi emqondweni ukumelana imithwalo okuyinto zenzeka ngenxa inhlabathi ingcindezi, futhi hhayi lincishiswa komhlaba ngenxa isakhiwo yayo aminyene.
2. Okuhlezi emqondweni kungenzeka ukuhlomisa kahle yisiphi umhlabathi.
3. Izindonga engaphakathi emithonjeni kungenziwa kalula bahlanza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile futhi abaqeqeshiwe.
4. ukuphila isikhathi eside ngisho nalapho eqhuba ezindaweni umswakama high futhi ezindaweni onakalisayo.
5. Ubulula yokumiswa kanye nokulungiswa.
6. inert Ukhonkolo, lapho akunamthelela izinga amanzi uma isetshenziselwa ukhiye kahle.
7. Okuphansi izindleko amaqula ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu. Ngezindleko zalo enele ukwakhiwa nokusebenza ukuqhubeka.

Izici obandayo

Inqubo inhlangano yabantwana kwagcizelela ukhonkolo imithombo wenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:

1. Okokuqala, udinga ukuchaza ngokucacile indawo lapho iyokwakhiwa emthonjeni. Akufanele uyifake emithambekeni nemihosha, gullies, lomfula, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ziyoyizwa angaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esibalulekile omubi - nokungcoliswa kwamanzi emhlabathini umquba ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, ezisetshenziswa izigaba eduze emhlabathini futhi bayasilela ngokusebenzisa ukukhululwa kanye ukukhiqizwa emfantwini.
2. Ngemva kokukhetha le ndawo baqala ukwenza umsebenzi isibhakela ngqo kahle ibangelwa (shaft). Le nqubo isikhathi ngempela esiningi futhi kuncike nenhlabathi ejulile namanzi esindayo kwezakhi. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe banamuhla ikuvumela ukuba bayamba ngokushesha okukhulu.
3. Amanzi engenayo akhishwa.
4. Okwenziwe okulahlwa futhi compaction zezendlalelo zokuhlunga. Bese, usetha ngokucophelela iringi kuqala. Kukithi ngokunemba ukufakwa kwawo kuxhomeke kulokho kushaft mpo.
5. Lokukhuphula izindandatho ngokuvamile kuhilela ephakamisa imishini noma ekhethekile amadivayisi ukuthi basuke efakwe ngqo ngenhla kushaft okwami.
6. Ngemva setting ngamunye indandatho lwemidlalo senziwa metal ukudla, okuyinto kamuva lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi isitebhisi ukuze umsebenzi egodini.
7. Zokuxhumana phakathi iringi seal isikhala khulula phakathi kwezindonga ngokhonkolo izindandatho embozwe ngokucophelela inhlabathi futhi tamped.
8. Luka ligcwele udaka, ukupholisa efakwe nentamo embozwe ngesivalo.

Okuhlezi emqondweni manholes ukhonkolo ngokuphindiwe efakazelwe ukuthembeka amapayipi isivikelo zonke izinhlobo umonakalo ngenxa nokusetshenziswa izinga izinto, ukuqina, kalula ukufakwa.

Usayizi futhi intengo

Usayizi izindandatho kuncike hlobo kahle. Namuhla ukwakhiwa emakethe linikeza imikhiqizo ezilandelayo:

• ubukhulu - in the uhla 70-250 cm.
• ukuphakama isilinganiso - 50 cm (kukhona izinto kufika ku-3 amamitha)

Ukuze imithombo encane elisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa eyimfihlo izindandatho wosayizi omncane. Ethandwa kakhulu yilezi:

• CS-7-1. I ububanzi kwangaphakathi kwalo mkhiqizo, 70 cm, ukuphakama izindonga 10 cm, ububanzi - 8 cm; isisindo - 46 kg.
• CS-7-10. Lo mkhiqizo enemisebenzi obude 1 m, isisindo - 457 kg.

Intengo izindandatho ukhonkolo incike ubukhulu babo. imikhiqizo Okukhulu ezibizayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, i-COP-7-1 ezincane nibaluleke okuyisilinganiso sabangu-ruble 340. per unit. Izindleko COP kanye COP-7-5 7-6 - 900-920 deda. Inani Brands ruble jikelele KS-7-10 mayelana 1500. I ring ngobukhulu izobiza ruble mayelana 5000.