Ngokhuni ukudluliswa kwemibhoshongo: isithombe, usayizi, isisindo. Ukufakwa kanye nokulungiswa izingongolo ngokhuni

Isimo emgqeni ukudluliswa has a abalulekile umthelela uhlobo izisekelo esetshenziswa. Phakathi neminyaka engu-100 ngezigxobo lokhuni wahlala sezakhiwo eyinhloko phezulu zikagesi (VL).

Kuphela 60s kwekhulu elidlule kwaqala ukwenzani impregnation zokuzivikela. Bese ucacise ukusetshenziswa antiseptics banikwa, kodwa kahle ukusebenza, okuholela zinsika abolile. inguqulelo Yande kuya kwagcizelela izinsika ukhonkolo akazange ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga, ngoba baye bathola amaphutha, hhayi esivela imikhiqizo ezenziwe ngokhuni:

• brittleness ujuqu;
• amandla amancane flexural;
• isisindo eside;
• imisinga ukuvuza.

izinzuzo

ezigxotsheni Ngokhuni ngeke ukwesulwa ngenxa izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. eziphansi.
2. isisindo Khanyisa.
3. Lapho insika lokhuni uwela, isisindo okuyinto kancane izikhathi 3 kuka emisiwe, kubalulekile ulenga phezu izintambo ngaphandle umphumela "Domino", nobuntu kwezinsika esindayo.
4. Ibalulekile ezindaweni bandisa inkonzo zokuzamazama komhlaba.
5. livikela kakhulu emoyeni imithwalo.
6. I okusezingeni eliphezulu izici Kwe-dielectric Heating.
7. ukuphila isikhathi eside inkonzo ne yokukhiqiza ngakwesokudla (kufika eminyakeni engu-40).
8. Abanaso zidinga yesondlo ekhethekile.

amaphutha

Kanye izinzuzo a ukwesekwa lokhuni it has nemiphumela ethile engathandeki.

1. izingoma bakhulelisa ingaqukatha izinto eziyingozi okuyizinto endaweni yokusebenza (uwoyela fuel, iziketekete creosote, njll). nezivimbelakuvunda eziyingozi Ikakhulukazi, uwoyela-based. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baba sengozini enkulu lomlilo.
2. The izingodo kumele akhiwe nge ububanzi edingakalayo bese taper.
3. Imikhiqizo Quality etholwe ahlabayo ebusika futhi omisa ngaphansi ikhava izinyanga ezingu-6. Kuyadingeka ukuba asingathe ugodo isinqandakuvunda, ngakho musa ukubola.

izinto

Prop LEP ukhuni ikhiqizwa zezihlahla, lapho resin uyalondoloza yemvelo kanye isinqandakuvunda. Isidingo enkulu zikaphayini enyakatho, ukuba namandla high futhi kuyaqina. Izinkinga ukuthi babe izinsika ukhonkolo ngenxa fragility zabo, akasoze ukudala ukwesekwa sokhuni (isithombe ngezansi - ukulayisha imikhiqizo siphelile).

Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo impregnation noma uwoyela creosote oluthambile, kanye Izingxube equkethe zethusi, chromium futhi i-arsenic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ne ukwesekwa uyakulondoloza kusetshenzwe ngokusebenzisa umlilo (fire retardants). Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ngingcwabe izinsika ngqo phansi, ngaphandle ukhonkolo isinyathelo-izingane, okwandisa yempilo yabo.

Imikhiqizo kakhulu umswakama kakhulu babe zikaphayini. Uma amabombo asetshenziswa sonwele futhi larch, cwilisa nzinyana kuzo.

Impregnation ivumela izingongolo yokungcwaba ngokwayo emhlabathini. lapha kuphela kumele ngaphezu kwalokho ukuvikela emikhawulweni ofeleba ovikelayo noma unamathisele. Kubalulekile ngaphambi impregnation izinyanga 3 ukuze ome ukwesekwa lokhuni. Ukubeka kuya zokutholwa of ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu kuholela wokuqhekeka ukhuni ngaphansi amabhandeshi kusukela wire induku.

Okubalulekile! Ukuze womshini amakholomu wasebenzisa ingxenye engezansi kwesihlahla (Butt) lapho amagatsha kancane futhi isakhiwo eyohlobo.

Usayizi namandla

Isekela ubude 3,5-13 m kuncike diameters phezulu (d) iphansi (D), zingabantu izingxenye ezilandelayo .:

• ukukhanya: d = 140 mm; D = 160-220 mm;
• naphakathi: d = 160 mm; D = 180-235 mm;
• eqinile: d = 195-210 mm; D = 210-260 mm.

Isikhombisi esibalulekile uyidwala phansi ebhasikidini. Ukuze log ububanzi 190 mm ukugoba esiphezulu okwamanje 55 kNm, kuyilapho i-240 mm - 95 kNm.

Indlela yokukhetha izigxobo ngokhuni

1. Ngenxa impahla esetshenziswa enyakatho zikaphayini ebusika cuttings.
2. Ngo engxenyeni engenhla ukushuba ikholomu akuyona esingaphansi 16 cm.
3. Njengoba isixazululo impregnation esetshenziswa CCA aqueous.
4. Reliance iphelele noma ingxenye engezansi lesi sitshalo elifakwe ngesikhathi ukucindezela 12-14 eziphindwe.
5. izimbobo kwetheknoloji enziwe ngaphambi impregnation.
6. impregnation ukujula kuyinto 85% olwelwesini izinkuni - sapwood (40 mm).
7. Inqubo impregnation usuphothuliwe, uma isekela kukhona umbala grey-oluhlaza. Uma kuwukuthi onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe nsundu, kusho ukuthi ukusabela akuyona ngokuphelele phezu. Umkhawulo kufanele sibonakale ku log cut.
8. Isekela ithengwa amakilasi C ₁ no C _3, nge isethi ephelele Ubukhulu.

Izici bakhulelisa kusekela

Lezi zinsika inhlabathi efakwe ngaphandle zokutholwa. Imikhawulo kuthiwa afuthwe ngesibulali ngaphezu kwamanzi eceleni. Phakathi ukusebenza wabo yayongena 90% Ukwakheka zokuzivikela. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, ekupheleni phezulu imbozwe uphahla ezenziwe lashukumisa usayizi 250x250 mm kanti phansi kuyinto avaliwe flat impahla umswakama eliqinile.

GOST 20022.0-93 izinkuni elifakwe ukwesekwa ngaphansi ejenti zokuzivikela XM-11 kwi-usawoti elomile imali 13-15 kg / m ^3. Ngokuthenga lezigodo okuthunyelwe, kufanele uthole ukuthi izimo lokho enziwa, ngoba ezinye Ukucaciswa kule nombolo phansi by izikhathi 2. Akubona bonke abakhiqizi ayagcinwa kahle umkhiqizo yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe. Lokhu kudinga ukulawula izinga inhlangano, kodwa onguchwepheshe angakwazi ukubona it zibukeke.

isekela ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa

Le nqubo ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezinkulu ezine.

1. Debarking

On umshini ezikhethekile esuswa phloem amagxolo. Kuphela ngemva kwalokho isiqu iqala ukuze ome. Zabolonevaya ukhuni kufanele kuthinteke okungenani, njengoba kahle ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali-isinqandakuvunda. Uma yonke ungqimba phezulu skived, ukuqina ukwesekwa kakhulu encishisiwe ngenxa yokuthi kuzoba bathambekele kakhudlwana kunabanye abolile. Khona-ke ukwesekwa sokhuni, izinhlangothi zazo sihambisana nezidingo, ihlelwa uya khona. Abanye abakhiqizi iveza iphele ngaphandle kokususwa Bast, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukuvimbela ngokuhlaziya kwezinkuni. Khona-ke Bast isuselwe ke eyayizophazamisa inqubo impregnation.

2. Omiswe

Dehumidification - ezinde amandla khudlwana inqubo, okuyinto incike ikhwalithi impregnation. Nedosushennuyu akukwazeki impregnate izinkuni. Umswakama kufanele izuzwe ezingeni ka 28%. Omiswe ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo izitaki (izinyanga 2-5.) Noma umoya oshisayo kule emakamelweni omiswe, okuyinto lalikhona esebenzisa abalandeli (izinsuku ezingu-7-10).

3. impregnation i autoclave

Ngo ikamelo cleaner, edonsa umswakama ngokweqile. Khona-ke ungene isinqandakuvunda aqueous ivaliwe whereupon ingcindezi ekamelweni kuvuselwa 14 atm. Ngemva isixazululo amuncekela, futhi futhi kukhona cleaner. Kuhle bakhulelisa Ukwakheka - kuyinto isinqandakuvunda CCA ukukhiqizwa Finnish. kumakhophi Domestic wenza kusukela kwemfucumfucu yezimboni nendle aqukethe ukungcola ezinciphisa machining ukujula yokuxhumanisa ukuwasha ngaphandle kwengoma ngokhuni.

4. Zibophezele

Ukwakheka bakhulelisa yakhiwa izinto eziyingozi. The izingodo kube abaneminyaka isikhathi esithile. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kumiswa zingaxazululeki compounds isinqandakuvunda e isakhiwo izinkuni. Izinga lokushisa kufanele sibe sihle. Ukusheshisa le nqubo, ukusekelwa ziphathwe esishisa bhé umusi i autoclave. abakhiqizi Canadian iphathwa izingodo izakhiwo ezikhethekile, ngaleyo ndlela kwande UKUQINA imikhiqizo.

HVL ukweseka

Ukufaka izingongolo ngokhuni inyatheliswe ekilasini VL 3rd, lapho okuzisholo yokusebenza voltage 1 kV noma ngaphansi. Okuvame kakhulu izisekelo Lesisemkhatsini ukuthi ukukhonza ukuze silondoloze izintambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babona umoya imithwalo, kanye nokufakwa nesisindo lalo. Ngokuzimela, azikwazi ukumelana amabutho elakhiwe agudle, uma kukhona ikhefu. Lokhu umthwalo uyiswa indawo ihange isekela struts eyengeziwe eduze phezulu umugqa axis. Ngokuyinhloko, ukukhonza ukudala ingxenye ukungezwani wire. Ukuze ubone imithwalo lateral isicelo ihange isekela ne indawo besokunxele noma "izinyawo" ohlangothini perpendicular.

Kukhona izisekelo emincane ukuze imithwalo longitudinal futhi transverse. Ayakhululwa ukujikisa emigqeni.

Ukufakwa senziwa izigxobo esenziwe ngokhuni eqondile wokugubha izindawo, ibandla - nge izingxenye Friend efanelekayo.

Igebe lapho notching senziwa, akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-4 mm. ukubhanqa indawo uvalwe afakwe. Izimbobo kuthiwa yamba.

Nokugcinwa nokulungiswa izingongolo ngokhuni

Ngokhuni zikagesi kukhonjelwe wokuhlola ngezikhathi futhi ukulungisa. Ehlobo, ngesikhathi of 30-50 cm ukujula, hlola abolile izinkuni ukujula. Uma ilogi ubukhulu 25 cm, futhi ukubola ingaphezu 3 cm, kubhekwa engasebenziseki futhi kumelwe ithathelwe.

Ukulungisa yemida, lapho iningi efakwe izisekelo sokhuni, akuyona esingaphansi iminyaka 6. Ezinye izindaba zika-elungisa eyenziwa ngaphakathi imigomo kuncike netinsita letikhona.

Flammability izingongolo ngokhuni kudinga imisebenzi okhandlayo ukunciphisa ke. Ephambi kwezinduna aduduze okhuni emhlabeni ubona umsele ka 0.4 m ukujula utshani isuswe nge ezihlabayo.

Yekuchumana ziyahlukahluka lemijabo entsha umugqa yokusebenza. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umthwalo phezu izingxenye design lingadlula izilinganiso.

Uma lezi zingongolo aphambuka mpo i value ngingelutho umthwalo ezengeziwe kungabangela ushintsho isikhundla futhi ekubhaxabulweni sezintambo noma thinta ngokuningiliziwe. I displacements zenzeka ngenxa attenuation noma ekuvalweni kwe-ukusekelwa base isisekelo, phansi ukufuduka, attenuation compounds.

Khiqiza nithela izintambo steel eqondiswa yokubeka. Base mba kumuntu ka 1.5 m ukujula indlela ukushayela qondanisa ukwesekwa. Khona emgodini ukuzumeka futhi rammed.

Lapho yokubeka kuyinto etshekile ngenxa ziba ngcono kwe-ezikanye ngebhandeshi, ke qondanisa ngaphandle displacing sucker.

On yokubeka ebolile ukukhwezwa ibhandishi. Ngaphambi lokhu bola isuswe kanye ikhava yangemuva nokunamathisela isinqandakuvunda.

izingxenye ezilimele baqinise amapuleti yesikhashana eyenziwe ngokhuni noma insimbi, usebenzisa poluhomuty nezihluthulelo noyisibopho wire.

Yekuchumana ngaphambi ukususwa ithrekhi bangenile ukuhambisana nomklamo nemingcele.

Ukuze kwandiswe impilo Racks, kufanele ngaphezu kwalokho elifakwe ngesikhatsi operation esebenzisa okusheshayo. Ngokwengxenye komhlaba kanye aboveground yokusekela izakhi isikhala setha amabhandeshi isinqandakuvunda. Ngukuqhuma ku Racks phezulu nge ticalo isicelo nokunamathisela isinqandakuvunda.

Ngenxa yokuthi nesisindo se-ukwesekwa elincane lokhuni, ukukhanda kuyaqabukela kudingeka imishini esindayo.

Ningadakwa kwalungisa ukwesekwa kwamahhala kuwo wonke imithwalo futhi esikhundleni esisha ngosizo imishini ekhethekile.

isiphetho

izingongolo Ngokhuni nge impregnation ungcono ukhonkolo, futhi kwezinye izimo ezingcono ngisho, sibonga mass sokunconywa. Ngakho basuke ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe umkhuba, udinga i umkhakha ejwayelekile. Lokhu uyomisa izidingo iyunifomu kubo bonke abakhiqizi, ngakho izinga sasiqinisekiswe.