Isimiso jikelele sokuthembeka emthethweni civil

Isimiso yokholo okuhle komthetho we-civil umthetho waqinisa ne 01.02.2013 Ngalolusuku locale kusebenta kwentelwa kutsi letichibiyelo olufanele Code Civil. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isimiso ubuqotho emthethweni civil Russian uba omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu inkomba amaphuzu ukuziphatha izinhlangano. izihlinzeko elisungulwe sihloko 1, izigaba 3, 4. Cabanga okunye kanjani isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil Russia (kafushane).

sici

Isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil - imfuneko lapho akuvumelekile ukususa izinzuzo ukuziphatha kwabo, uma iphula izithakazelo nabanye ababambe iqhaza. kwentelwa kutsi letichibiyelo yokutholwa the Civil Code iye kancane ethuthukisiwe 10 sihloko. Le nguqulo entsha kakhulu zikhuluphele ngalé ekusebenziseni amalungelo civil. Kulokhu, akukho senzo linwetshelwe ukugwema iziqondiso, uthathwa njengomgcini oluphakeme kakhulu kabi amandla angokomthetho. imithetho Kubuyekeziwe sihambisana nezidingo elotshwe Article 1 kweKhodi.

Ubunikazi zoMthetho

Uma ucabangela okuqukethwe izimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil in ukuxhumana ne nemfuneko inadmissibility ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane amandla angokomthetho, kufanele uphendule imibuzo ethile. nesidingo esingaka ixhunyiwe nabanye ambiguities ku ngokoqobo imithetho. Ikakhulukazi, isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil livikeleke Art. 1 of the Code. Leli qiniso likhuluma 'ubukhulu "imithetho. Kulokhu, ireferensi p. Januwari 10 Isihloko se-Code Civil libhekisela yokulingana inadmissibility yokuhlukumeza kanye nezimiso sokuthembeka. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba inqume ukuthi ingxenye yokuqala izinga lesibili. Uma impendulo inguyebo, isinyathelo esilandelayo kubalulekile ukuqonda kude kangakanani zihlanganisa imfuneko phezu inadmissibility ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil. Kafushane, izinga yokuqala kungase ohlangothini reverse ngesekhondi Kulokhu. Kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi isikhundla Art. 1 umthetho ekhethekile esekelwe nemfuneko inadmissibility lokuhlukunyezwa. Ukuvela le nkinga kungenxa yokuthi imithetho Art. 10 bafakwa umphumela ngaphambi isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil. I oyisazi eliye lakhula ekusebenziseni imfuneko ukubekezelelana okungukuthi, ngesikhathi esifanayo waba isisekelo sezinguqulo ukusetshenziswa zoMthetho Art. 1 Code Civil. Ekugcineni, kufanele ukuthi noma ngabe lezi ezakho isigaba izikhungo zomthetho ezihlukahlukene?

Explained

Le mfuneko for zero ukubekezelelana kanye isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil ngokuyinhloko ukuchaza essence ezibonisa indlela yokuthuthuka kohlelo yamazinga Code Civil. Bona ukuqinisekisa nasekuqiniseni ubunye amalungiselelo kanye nobudlelwane kulawulwa kubo. Eqinisweni, bayobe besebenza njengethuluzi imithetho yasekhaya ukusetshenziswa kanye ngcono sendaba civil. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zigaba sifeze indima imithetho reserve, nokuvusa isiko lomthetho yezihloko nokuxhumana. Futhi imfuneko zero ukubekezelelana, futhi isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil ususelwe izinga okulinganisa. Likhomba nokulingana bonke abahlanganyeli ubudlelwane. Le modeli ibonisa focus isimiso somthetho sangaleso kokulingana, proportionality, ukungathathi ihlangothi e ukusetshenziswa ejenti amathuba kanye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi. Nge lesi simiso ngokuqinisekile esingaguquguquki intelligence ubuqotho. Kumthetho wamademeshe, ukulingana kwezomthetho kubonakala hhayi kuphela ngesimo ukuzimela, inkululeko yokuzikhethela futhi inkontileka, bangasephula impahla. Lubonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko ukuziphatha ehlelekile ngokuhambisana izithakazelo zezikhonzi alinganayo.

Izimiso jikelele sokuthembeka emthethweni civil

Kusukela umphumela yakhoibrium izikhundla ezintathu. Lezi zihlanganisa imigomo yobulungisa, ubuqotho kanye optionality. Ngamunye wabo ifaka izinto okuhambisanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ebiyelwe nesimiso sobulungisa:

1. Inhlanganisela isithakazelo kwasobala nokwabantu ngabanye.
2. umthetho bokubuyisana.
3. Ukuvikelwa njengoba ukuqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa izithakazelo i-.

Optionality kusho:

1. Freedom yesivumelwano.
2. Bangasephula impahla.
3. I inadmissibility ukugxambukela engenabulungisa ezindabeni ezimele kanye nekahulumeni.
4. Isidingo amathuba zomthetho ngaphandle noma iziphi izithiyo.
5. Initiative nokuzimela.

Ukuqaliswa isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil kusekelwe normative ukusungulwa, ukuqaliswa, ukuvikelwa umthamo zomthetho, ukusebenza ngendlela efanele imisebenzi, kanye ukuvinjelwa ukususwa zonke izinzuzo ephambene ukuziphatha nemithetho. Ngakho-ke, umgomo ayisihluthulelo discretionary yayo izenzo asungula imingcele.

isigaba sabefundisi kwezinkambiso

Isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil usebenza limbo zomthetho. Ngokufanayo, isenzo futhi sikhulu kakhulu isidingo phezu inadmissibility yokwesabela ukuhlukunyezwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngokusho kwabanye abalobi, Art. 10 we Code Civil isendaweni eliphezulu ezingeni phezulu. Lesi sikhundla kubangelwa yokuthi lo mthetho inikeza ukucindezelwa protivosistemnogo isicelo amalungiselelo angokomthetho. Uma kusekelwe incazelo yaleli abalobi izigaba ezivamile zefilosofi, phakathi okukhona kuyo isimiso intelligence nobuqotho. Kumthetho wamademeshe, ukuhlukunyezwa, kanye nezenzo ezingafanele kuwuhlobo umsebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kwezinkambiso. Nakuba ukubukeka kwabo kusemthethweni ngokwemvelo, kodwa empeleni yayo kwangaphakathi, bona awavumelekile, abavunyelwe.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinkambiso imithwalo

Isimiso yokholo okuhle umthetho civil yesimanje usebenza hhayi kuphela maqondana amandla angokomthetho. I zeZigaba 1 no-10 se-Code Civil kukhona kuvinjelwe ukuhlukunyezwa yemfanelo. Kulokhu, ubuqotho amalungelo angahlonishwa ukwehluleka okubeka izidingo esungulwe uhlelo. It is hhayi usebenzisa umthamo wayo wezomthetho ukunilimaza abanye abahlanganyeli sezimoto. Lo mthwalo umthetho abezindaba okuhlobana ngokuqondile. It ihlose silwisana izinhloso zobugovu tesifundvo.

izincazelo

Le mfuneko ziqondiswe izenzo zomunye umuntu, yakha okushiwo yemfanelo ngabanye. Ziyakwazi Okusondele kakhulu amalungelo subjective, bakha ingxenye ubuhlobo. Ngo incazelo yemfanelo ukwethula inkomba yokuthi yisikali sokuthi ifomu nokuziphatha kahle. Le modeli inkontileka umuntu ebekiwe noma inkambiso yezomthetho. Kulokhu, inkulumo ethi "zinhlobo" libhekisela izici qualitative wezenzo zokuziphatha, okuqukethwe kwabo futhi ifomu, "isilinganiso", esikhundleni salokho, inquma imingcele ethile ngaphakathi lapho wesifundvo kufanele enze noma yisiphi isenzo bese bekhetha omunye inhlangano ubuhlobo. Lezi ingafana kwendawo, yesikhashana, nokunye. Kulokhu, ngisho ingxenye ewumngcingo kakhulu le ndaba njalo kungenzeka ukwenza umsebenzi walo ngendlela ethile, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kunoma yisiphi indawo noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil kufaka imfuneko ukwenza isenzo esifanele. Imisebenzi, esikhundleni salokho, kukhona kungenzeka zomthetho ukugcwalisa ama-oda. Kuyinto lokhu "mikropravo" ingaba njengesihluthulelo izindlela zokuziphatha okungafanele. Enkabeni yalo, ngeke kube into ehlukile kulokhu kusukela "zendabuko" ukuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo.

Ukusetshenziswa kabi ukuvikela izithakazelo

Kunezindawo eziningi, okuphathelene isimiso sokuthembeka. Esikhathini komthetho we-civil Russia inikeza izindlela ezahlukene ukuvikela izithakazelo. Basuke eziqukethwe sihloko 12 we Code Civil. Ukuhlukunyezwa ithuba lokufeza Ukuvikelwa manje uthathwa njengomunye wezinye okuvame kakhulu kanti ngesikhathi esifanayo amafomu nzima kakhulu lokungaziphathi kahle. Libhekisela endaweni imbozwe isimiso sokuthembeka. Esikhathini komthetho we-civil zaseRussia, kungenzeka ukubhekana isihloko icala ku yinkantolo. Ngokuvamile, umbolekisi wathumela isimangalo, uthola isimangalo esiphikisayo ngu dolzhnika.Posledny sifuna uyephuza Icala noma obungeke nhlobo uwakhe ukuba ibalekele umthwalo. Ngokwesibonelo, phezu isethulo of nakwabangenangqondo izimangalo yemali (ummangalelwa) siqondisa lokufuna sivumelwano ukuqashelwa ngaphansi ngalo lithole futhi izimpahla selivele lisetshenziselwa, siyize. Iphutha isicelo kuleli cala kakade usefunde ngokufana inkontileka, kodwa kuphela kuye umuntu izizathu owaziwa isethulo ezayo ungafuni. Isihloko, Ngakho-ke, sifuna ukuba sithole isikhathi, sibambe impahla yabantu. Angase azame ukuncenga counterparty ukungena esivumelwaneni, ubuyele into esikhundleni isinxephezelo Eshubile ngaphandle nokukhokhwa kwesijeziso nokunye.

ezimweni ezikhethekile

Ezinye izihloko zezifundo zingahlukumezi ilungelo ukuvikelwa ukusetshenziswa Article 10 we Code Civil uqobo. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi usebenzisa lo mthetho, ungakhansela iyiphi kungenzeka zomthetho subjective. Kulokhu, lo muntu othintekayo ngazisa ukuthi amalungelo abezindaba angaphezu komkhawulo obekiwe yomthetho. Kulesi simo, kuyoba khona imithetho icala ngesimo eliphakeme. Nokho, kumelwe sinqotshwe uhlelo izindlela civil lomthetho ukuvimbela ukubusa ndaba phezu kokuqukethwe yayo ngokomthetho, futhi ikakhulukazi - usebenzisa livikeleke Art. 1 Code Civil isimiso sokuthembeka.

Ngokucacile isinyathelo futhi yokungenzi

Isimiso sokuthembeka emthethweni civil kukhawulela izenzo zokuziphatha zezikhonzi ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile. Kulokhu, akukho ukuqonda ngokucacile nendlela lo mshini kokuvinjelwa izenzo nokweqiwe ngokwehlukile. Ikakhulukazi, akucaci ukuthi ifomu yakamuva ukuhlukunyezwa, noma ehlobene ne-isakhiwo of practice okuhle. Ukukhishwa isayensi, ngokuvamile libhekwa njengomthombo indlela kungenzeka zomthetho, uma eqondiswa esivumelwaneni isimo esinjalo noma iziqondiso. Ngqo ngaphakathi ubuhlobo sikhona, uma kukhona izimfanelo for:

1. Non-kokuthola impahla.
2. Ukwehluleka ingcebo.
3. izenzo siqu abangaphelele, akuhlobene ukudluliswa / yokwamukela impahla.

Ngokufanayo, kungenzeka ukungenzi kwenzeka uma kukhona esingokomthetho:

1. Musa uthole impahla.
2. Alinikezi amafa eziphathekayo.
3. Ungaphingi noma iziphi izenzo ezingakwenza kungukuthi ezihlobene yokufuna / ukudluliswa kwempahla.

Kulokhu okungenhla kusobala ukuthi ukukhishwa kungaba amafomu eziyisithupha ezivamile. Kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa kwawo, kanye duty, izihloko ingasetshenziswa ngokungafanele. Ngakho, kufanele baphawula esifika ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene basakaza isimiso unconscientiousness. Kumthetho wamademeshe, ngesikhathi ngokuvamile kufakwe isakhiwo welithi "isenzo".

Imikhawulo ngamathemba zomthetho

Art. 10 Ikhodi ichaza imingcele ekusebenziseni amalungelo. Norm unqabela ethize - ukuziphatha okuhlukumezayo. Ngokuphambene, isimiso sokuthembeka kubonakala kancane "esilufifi". Ngo Art. 10 ihlinzeka ekhethekile limiter siqu ngokubona izifundo besebenzisa ongakhetha zabo ezingokomthetho. Ikakhulukazi, umthetho ayivumeli izenzo izakhamuzi uzibophezele kuphela i ngenhloso yokulimaza abanye, ngokudlula kwemithetho esungulwe. It kungavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ongakhetha zomthetho ukuze unciphise mncintiswano, ukuhlukumeza izikhundla emakethe evelele. Kumele isicelo kwezinye imikhawulo eyinkimbinkimbi kuphawulwe. Ihlala eqinisweni lokuthi ukuvinjelwa ngokwayo lisuselwa izimiso komthetho we-civil yasekuqaleni. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo aliveli ngokushesha kanye isizinda elehlukile, kufanele ihlolwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphikisana letindzala phakathi iziqondiso kwesisekelo salo.

esibalulekile

Kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele ukuthi okuhle kokukholwa isimiso, akukho okubonisa yezenzo ngamabomu. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ekhona sihloko. 10. Uma kuziwa ukusetshenziswa kwamalungelo subjective amaphuzu "okubi" kwabanye ubuso blameworthiness. kokulimaza ekusebenziseni ongakhetha abo angokomthetho kufanele kubhekwe ngokulandelana tort isithiyo. Lapho ngenhloso nezidingo ngokudlula futhi uhlobo oluhlukile ukuhlukumeza noma yimuphi umuntu kubhekwa njengento nenhloso futhi kumelwe zigunyazwe. Ngamanye amazwi, isihloko umthwalo wemfanelo kuphela imiphumela yezenzo ukuthi ayekhona ngenhloso yayo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokho ingezwe imiphumela kusukela ngaphandle, ngeke bajeziswe. violator iwayini ngesikhathi esifanayo Ilungiselelwe njengengxenye kwakhiwa, nendlela ekhethiwe, kodwa, eqinisweni, hhayi izinhloso abaqaphela isisusa kuze kube sekupheleni. It is, ngokuvumelana normotvortsev, ukhonza njengomPristi ebalulekile icala futhi ingxenye subjective yokuhlukumeza. Imisiwe Guilty yena Kusolwa ukubaluleka kwemithetho ekhona zomthetho wabamboza, ukugqiba esimweni ngasinye, ukuhumusha okungokwakhe. Báqondiswa inhloso zobugovu, kuncike engayinaki amazinga saziso.

ukuqashelwa ukholo ezimbi

Le nqubo, empeleni kusho ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda ukuziphatha umuntu njengenhlangano okungafanele. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngokoMthetho ngokungemthetho lokungaziphathi kahle isigwebo asisebenzi. Umthwalo kuhilela unswinyo onomoya omnene. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase ivimbela ukuvela amalungelo nemisebenzi (Article 157), ukuhlinzeka izinto impahla (Art. 220 kanye 302), umonakalo (Art. 1103), imali isinxephezelo (Art. 303), ngokubuyiselwa komhlaba, nokunye. Lezi unswinyo zithinta umuntu ngabomu noma imprudent zomthamo wawo zomthetho.

isiphetho

Ububanzi isimiso sokuthembeka ingachazwa ngu inyumbazane. Ikakhulu, ulawula hhayi kuphela isimo lapho kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa, kodwa futhi lapho engekho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimiso sokuthembeka osebenza ku ezimweni lapho izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Art. 10 ngokuya okuqukethwe akakwazi ukubhekana nalesi sigameko. Omunye Esimweni esinjalo, isibonelo, kuqukethwe Article 6 Ikhodi. Luhilela ukusetshenziswa izimiso sokuthembeka ngaphansi imithetho efanayo. Futhi, izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Art. 1 angasetshenziswa ezimweni lapho lento. 10 luba yomculo ukuhlukunyezwa. Kulokhu, isimiso sokuthembeka ezimweni ezinjalo kumele kusetshenziswe ngokuhlanganyela amalungiselelo umkhakha-ebanzi komthetho we-civil.