Ngefeksi - kusukela kokusungulwa kuze kube namuhla

Ngefeksi (ngamanye amagama - Telephoto) - a ukudluliswa elide of isithombe esimile (umbhalo, imifanekiso, izithombe) kanye ukudlala okwalandela kwento wathola. Ngokomlando umphumela ukuthuthukiswa telegraphy, kodwa uyakwazi adlulisele izinhlobo ezengeziwe Imininingwane futhi livikela kakhulu ukuphazamiseka.

Ngesikhahlamezi isetshenziswa ukuze uthumele isithombe babesebenzisa ucingo olubhalwayo, nge endlalekile ukuphrinta nakomagazini (yokudlulisa izinto yamakhasi iphephandaba futhi imifanekiso), amabhizinisi ezinkulu ukuze exchange of ulwazi ukukhiqizwa, ukuthola idatha kusuka iziphuphutheki iziteshi sezulu (exchange gidrometeokartami), kanye nakwezinye eziningi.

Inqubo yokudlulisa Kwenziwa ukusebenzisa umshini ngefeksi (isikhahlamezi). Isimiso yokusebenza fax simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: iyunithi Lidlulisela ukhiqiza iziqephu le ngobulili isithombe (umbhalo, izithombe) ibe izingxenye ezincane eziningi (okubizwa ngokuthi izindawo aphansi ..), Yikuphi ihluke nomunye e uphawu ezithile, ngokuvamile ukuminyana optical). Khona-ke zonke izakhi zilandelana aguqulwa kusuka izithombe ingcaca ku kagesi pulses ukugeleza. Ulwazi mayelana lezinto kudlulisa egcinwe nenqubo ekhethiwe.

Khona-ke ukuthumela nge fax njengoba uchungechunge yezinzwa ayihambi ngokusebenzisa zokuxhumana line, okuyinto uba ezejwayelekile ngocingo umugqa. Ngesikhathi umamukeli, ushintsho ephambene senzeka ngenkathi sigcina ukulandelana izakhi, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi thina uthole ikhophi yesithombe oyifunayo kithi.

ifeksi isimiso yasungulwa ngo-1855 yi-physics Italian J. Caselli. ama-apharathasi owayiklama ukuze uthumele isithombe ozofakwa ucwecwe phambili nge ukuvenisha obukhethekile aphansi kakhulu conductivity kagesi (cishe zero). Ngakho, umfanekiso yakhiwa izakhi kushintshana okusezingeni eliphezulu (ucwecwe) kanye conductivity ongaphakeme. Iphikhodi contact, beya esithombeni yanjalo adlulisa pulses wamanje kanye amasignali zamanje-DRM. isithombe Tholakele indlela electrochemical eqoshiwe phezu ucwecwe.

Lezi prototypes we yefeksi yesimanje esetshenziswa ukudlulisa imiyalezo emigceni yocingo Paris - Marseille futhi eMoscow - Petersburg, kodwa kancane kancane kwangikhanyela engelutho ngenxa yokungapheleli yayo kanye yinkimbinkimbi inqubo yokudlulisela.

Ngo-1868, B. Meier yasungulwa indlela ekutholeni izithombe kanye ukuqopha ke ephepheni ethafeni nge Kuvunguza ligijima, embozwe upende. Kuvunguza, ingqapheli paper izikhathi ezilungile, washiya unhlangothi izikhathi eziningana, lapho kukhona isithombe. Le ndlela, waphelela esetshenziswa namuhla.

Ngo amabili ngefeksi ekhulwini ifinyelele sibonga qualitatively entsha ezingeni ukuvela inethiwekhi ebanzi zokuxhumana imigqa, kokusungulwa cleaner amashubhu, ekutholakaleni umphumela Photoelectric. Esikhathini 30s imishini ifothokhophi siqala ezweni lethu. Esikhathini esizayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde zisebenziseke enezithombe nezindlela isetshenzisiwe emhlabeni wonke.

Modern zokuxhumana ngefeksi Kwenziwa esebenzisa Lidlulisela, umamukeli nokuxhumana imigqa. Ngezinye Transmitter, iphuzu ukukhanya endaweni irowu siphela emhlabeni bonke ubuso yokuqala, ukukucaza kube izingxenye aphansi (pads) ezahlukene ukukhanya reflectivity. Kubonakala kuzo, yokucucuza ukukhanya okujula variable ewela Converter Photoelectric futhi iguqulwe ibe isignali isiqophi ke modulates kunyakaza (amplitude noma imvamisa) ukuhumusha Isignali yevidiyo ku esilungele ukudluliswa phezu umumo isixhumanisi. Ukuxhumana kolayini - ezivamile yezintambo noma engenantambo iziteshi ngocingo. Endabeni okuxhunyanwa semali ulwazi (Amakhasi iphephandaba, isibonelo) usebenzisa ukuxhumana imizila ngeziteshi broadband.

Ngesikhathi umamukeli, apharathasi ngefeksi senziwa demodulation of isignali eyamukelwe (Ukukhetha) futhi uvusa yokugcina kule ikhophi ukuthi kulotshwe medium (m. Convolution E. zayo) e ukulandelana olufanayo nolimi lokuqala. Izindlela zokuqopha isignali eyamukelwe:

- Ubuciko bezithombe (ephepheni lokushicilela noma ifilimu okuyinto ibekwa cassette ukukhanya-Friend). Kulokhu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukulawula izinga umyalezo owamukelwe kuze inqubo ukucutshungulwa photochemical isithwali ezinjalo.

- I-Electrochemical (isithombe lufakwa iphepha okuyisipesheli blackens lapho lamanje zidlula).

- Ink - ephepheni ethafeni ezigcotshwe ngepeni likayinki noma roller.