Naryn-Kala Fortress, Dagestan, Derbent. Incazelo, uhambo, umlando

Naryn-Kala Fortress (Dagestan) iyisici esibonisa emzini Derbent. Lokhu lenqaba kwahlanganiswa UNESCO uhlu njengenhlangano lesikhumbuzo ohloniphekile zomlando namasiko of ukubaluleka izwe. Kuze kube manje walondoloza izindonga, amasango nemibhoshongo eyinkimbinkimbi ukuzivikela. Ngaphakathi kwenqaba iseningizimu amathangi amanzi kanye amadamu, imigomo, isonto cross-oluyingungu futhi Juma Mosque. Lezi ezimbili zokugcina silithempeli kakhulu zasendulo Russian Federation.

Izazi namanje Ziphikisana mayelana iminyaka emingaki Naryn-Kala sezenziwe. Ukwakhiwa zokuqala inqaba basonta ekhulwini lesithupha, futhi yakamuva - nanhlanu. Asithathe uhambo olubonakalayo lokhu izinqaba lasendulo.

Naryn-Kala inqaba umlando

Derbent umuzi ngokwawo isihlale iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu amawaka. Kukholakala ukuthi enqabeni okuthiwa Naryn-Kala, okusho amandla elanga, waqala ukwakha Shah Kavad ekhulwini lesithupha. Indodana yakhe, u Khosrow lokuqala Anushirwan, baqhubeka nomsebenzi kayise wakha udonga inqaba, agqagqene ndima phakathi eCaucasus and yoLwandle iCaspian. Kukholakala ukuthi nobude bawo amakhilomitha amane. Udonga angena elwandle, ngaleyo ndlela uvimba indlela bakhona kusukela enyakatho zinqamula emanzini angajulile kanye abavikeli ka enqabeni ukuhlinzeka port elula. Kodwa zonke lezi zakhiwo basonta inkathi yangaphambi Arab ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Inhlolo-vo yesimanje ezitholwa abavubukuli ukuthi inqaba Naryn-Kala (Derbent), babe isiphetho ngaphezulu lasendulo lizungezwe udonga ngodaka. Kuhlawumbiselwa kusukela ekubuseni Yezdegerd II (iminyaka 438-457) futhi libhekisela ngasekupheleni Albanian-Sarmatian futhi inkathi Sassanian. Kodwa akugcini lapho. I-Adobe izitini zafakwa esisekelweni itshe. Ngokusobala, la wokwakha kungokwalabo izindonga ukuzivikela ka Derbent, obabukhona ngisho iminyaka eyinkulungwane emihlanu edlule.

Lapho futhi kungani we Naryn-Kala Yakhiwa

Esikhathini ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi umbuso wasePheresiya Njalo sibhekana ekuhlaseleni namaqaba-abayimizulane elivela emaqeleni e eVolga delta. Ngakho-ke, kwanqunywa ukuba uvale okuthiwa iCaspian Amasango Dzhalganskogo phakathi iqhubezela we bulala kolwandle. izindonga ukumelana wokwakha eyizingqabavu uqweqwe eziphakeme ungenakunqotshwa ngoba izikhali ngalezo zikhathi. Kodwa kamuva inqaba Naryn-Kala samelana kokuvinjezelwa eziningi. Phela abavikeli wasiza sezwe. Ezinhlangothini ezintathu ngaphansi kwemithambeka egqumeni ku esimelela enqabeni, etulu.

Fort, ngokungafani izakhiwo odlule enezivikelo eziqinile, kwakungelona zokuhlala. Wayema ukuqhela Derbent futhi kuhlale onogada ababeqapha ndima emincane. Kodwa enqabeni wayebuye yokuhlala marzpanov - Iranian kwababusi. Ngakho ngokushesha kwaba i zokuphatha, commercial futhi kwamasiko elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile.

Enqabeni enamandla

Kuze kube manje, abantu unikina ikhono ukuzivikela le nqaba. umumo Its nje isuke ibangelwa wabuka isimo sezwe. Naryn- Kala inqaba kuyinto ipholigoni okungajwayelekile, izindonga contoured kwamamitha amathathu obukhulu. Abakhi esetshenziselwa nokunamathisela ngomthofu nasekwenzeni itshe amabhlogo. Ukuphakama lezi zindonga elingamamitha eyishumi kuya. Along azungezwe we umbhoshongo kukhona - at ibanga cishe 20-30 m kusuka komunye nomunye. Le ndawo le nqaba - amahektha amane nesigamu. Esikhathini ithiphu ningizimu-ntshonalanga isiphephelo lingumbhoshongo square, okuyinto ibhuloho odongeni Doug Amabha ukumboza "ndima iCaspian." Omunye ingxenye yayo angena elwandle kanye nezinye - ezintabeni. Emazingeni ezahlukene inqaba ezine zegceke. Kusukela ohlangothini enqabeni Derbent kuqashelwe emthambekeni etulu sentaba. Ngakho ukuthi idwala zazingase zithathwe kuphela uma kukhona wezikhali. Yini eyenzeka ngo-1796, ngesikhathi impi Russian NamaPheresiya.

Ukwakhiwa sangaphakathi inqaba Naryn-Kala

YasePheresiya evikelwe emingceleni esenyakatho lenqaba olungiselwe ekuvinjezelweni kungenzeka eside. Ukuze ezizimele amanzi supply system iziteshi komhlaba yayiqhutshelwa, okuholela kusukela iziphethu entabeni amathangi itshe ngaphakathi nqaba. Enye yalezi amathangi isibe ... amukelwa yisonto lobuKristu. Lesi sakhiwo cross-oluyingungu lamiswao ngekhulu lesine noma lesihlanu. Kamuva lalisetshenziselwa njengoba uyithempeli umlilo abakhulekeli - AmaZoroaster. Lapho la mazwe esungulwe Islam, bashiya isakhiwo. Kancane kancane yasebenza ngomshoshaphansi futhi sasetshenziswa njengophawu ichibi yokugcina amanzi. Kuyindida sibonga lelibandla futhi wasinda kulesi sikhathi sethu kuphela. Lokhu - omdala ibandla lamaKristu endaweni yeRussia.

Ngu ezikhumbuzo medieval bokwakha zihlanganisa Juma mosque. Libuye omdala eRussia. ukwakhiwa kwalo kungokwalabo ekhulwini lesishiyagalombili. Kodwa lesi sakhiwo kabusha izikhathi eziningana emashumini eminyaka alandela. Ngo ngekhulu nanhlanu ngaphambi mosque Yakhiwa Madrasah. NgangikuMoya lenqaba Naryn-Kala (Derbent), nesigodlo uShah. Kodwa weza kithi lingamanxiwa.

Ukwakhiwa isikhathi esisha endaweni ye Naryn-Kala

Fortress, futhi nalo muzi abazange balahlekelwe ukubaluleka ekahle kanye kwelanga Ephakathi. Esikhathini lenqaba we khans ka Derbent ixazululwe. Baphenduka le Naryn-Kala inqaba esendaweni yakhe. esigodlweni uShah yasala dengwane, kodwa lenqaba ekhulwini weshumi nesishiyagalombili ezakhiwa entsha Khan Chamber (phakathi nokubusa Fet-Ali). Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziyinkimbinkimbi ungeze nezakhiwo zokuqondisa. Lokhu isiboshwa (engaphansi ejele), Sofa Khan (Office). Lapha amanga izinsalela mausoleums kubabusi Derbent sika.

okugeza walondoloza futhi Khan (XVI-XVII ekhulwini). Ngu yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye izakhiwo Russian zibandakanya guardhouse. Manje lesi sakhiwo yisona gallery ubuciko Derbent.

abavubukuli

Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili inqaba yaqala ukusebenza mlando ukucacisa yobudala Naryn-Kala kweqiniso. Yiqiniso, ukwakhiwa enqabeni futhi ukwakhiwa ukuzivikela odongeni Doug Amabha ukumboza Derbent ndima ezihlobana ekhulwini lesithupha. Kodwa ucwaningo bemivubukulo baye enwetshiwe engu-komnikazi emuva eminyakeni. It kuvela ukuthi ngisho ekhulwini lesishiyagalombili isiphetho ebiyelweyo yayikhona BC. I stratigraphy izingqimba kwamasiko kubonisa ukuthi ubhekene umlando nzima. Noma alternation of umlotha abonisa ukuthi yokuqhuma esiye sabhekana imililo eminingi. Kodwa indawo phezulu egqumeni lapho manje simi inqaba Naryn-Kala, ungalokothi akhishwe. Ukulawula ukudlula phakathi yoLwandle iCaspian ne eCaucasus bekulokhu ezibalulekile ezempi kanye nobudlelwane commercial njalo. Settlement kancane kancane lakhula futhi ithuthukiswe kuze Sassanid Ukungena.

ezivulekile Museum

Ngo-1989, kwase kunesiqiniseko ngu-Reserve State Historical-Architectural. Kuhlanganisa izifunda endala yedolobha ka Derbent futhi Museum eziyinkimbinkimbi "lenqaba Naryn-Kala." Ezokuphepha zone ihlanganisa 2044 amahektha. On enjalo endaweni enkulu esendaweni engaba amakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu izikhumbuzo isiko kanye nomlando. Lokhu kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni kanye yokuhlala, ezobuKristu nezingezona amathempelana Muslim, artefacts bemivubukulo ekhishwe imivubukulo. Kodwa hhayi kuphela enqabeni isithakazelo izivakashi. Kufanele ukuya Idolobha elidala. Derbent, ogama lakhe e Persian kusho "Locked Gate" nakho, njalo bekulokhu kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa inqaba yalo. Ngo-2003, iKomiti UNESCO eqoshwe Yomhlaba Uhlu wonke zomlando-yezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi ngo-2013, ngokusho imiphumela yokuvota olwenziwa phakathi izakhamuzi zaseRussia, Derbent inqaba senzeka lweshumi nanhlanu phakathi zomhlaba ezidumile kakhulu futhi yisakhiwo sodumo wezwe lakithi.

Naryn-Kala: Uhambo

Yini okudingeka ukubona izivakashi, owayevakashela lenqaba ngokwakho? Kuze phendla ngaphezulu Ferris Khan esigodlweni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Luphinde ezithakazelisayo ukubheka okugeza. Lesi sakhiwo engaphansi lihlukaniswe kumagumbi amabili amakhulu. Lezi adjoins eziningana amakamelo encane enophahla esiyingelezini sezulu. Kuwufanele ukuvakashelwa futhi i komhlaba ejele-isiboshwa. Lesi sakhiwo ngamamitha nanye ezijulile has ukuma nojeke. izindonga ezitshekile ungayeki iziboshwa kungekho indlela ekhuphukela phezulu. Enhle kunazo zonke amasango esigodlweni kukhona Orta-Qala ogangeni eningizimu. Kufanele futhi ujwayelene amanzi supply system of enqabeni. itshe walondoloza futhi tube sobumba. Futhi abantu Derbent namanje zikha amanzi emithonjeni futhi Haibulah Dgiarchi-Bulakh ukuthi livela entabeni busuka wokumba umsele lasendulo. Futhi-ke, ngeke ukwazi ukushiya lenqaba, ngaphandle ngokuvakashela Juma Mosque kanye isonto lobuKristu lasendulo.