Missiles APU: C-300 "Intandokazi". Imininingwane, izithombe

Isibalo eyala samasosha yesayensi, ethandwa kakhulu kule ndawo okuthiwa Ato, ungafaki opharetha iziteshi emoyeni ukuzivikela. Sidinga abashayeli, paratroopers, scouts, kodwa hhayi kulabo asebephumelele kuphoqelelwe khona noma isevisi inkontileka futhi aqeqeshiwe yokusingatha anti-aircraft missile izinhlelo "Buk" noma C-300 "Intandokazi". Izithombe namavidyo yaleli su, kukhasa emigwaqweni empumalanga, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, baye bathutheleka abezindaba ne-Internet.

Kungani "Izintandokazi" eduze laseDonetsk?

It kuvela ukuthi anti-aircraft izinhlelo Ochwepheshe Apu ngokwanele njengoba SAM ngokwabo. Kungani kukhona? Ngoba sonke siyazi ukuthi izidlamlilo ze-bezindiza zayo lapho, futhi ukubonakala kwawo is akulindelekile. Pho-ke, izinkulungwane eziningana amasosha nezikhulu elwa kuyizinkinga obuqand isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, futhi kusenjalo namanje ngaphandle zezindiza kanye yesimanje impi yama-computer? Ezikabani izindiza bayahamba knock phansi izibalo ukukhonza missile izinhlelo S-300 APU "Intandokazi"? Kukhona imibuzo engaphezu kuka izimpendulo. Ukuze ngandlela-thile ukucacisa isimo, kungaba edingekayo ukuze siqonde Bayini laba isimiso sokuzivikela, njengoba Ukraine uwamukele nokuthi ngezinye izikhathi ingaba umthombo.

Izidingo Jikelele ngoba yesimanje mobile air ukuzivikela missile uhlelo

Soviet anti-aircraft ezicitshwayo selokhu yaqala, waqaphela indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke ekulweni izindiza isitha. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula nezenzakalo zamashumi amahlanu sekwephuzile - sixties ekuseni ngesikhathi edutshulwa phansi nihlole izindiza U-2 babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli invulnerable. Abakwazi bangandiza ezindaweni eziphakeme (amamitha 18,000), lapho interceptors ayikwazanga uthathile, kodwa izikhali ezicitshwayo anti-aircraft, futhi yaba khona lapho. Khona-ke kwaba khona Vietnam, okuyinto phendla izwe ukuthi ndaba zalutho ukuze kuqhunyiswe Hanoi neminye imizi Vietnam ngeke isebenze ngisho e-US Air Force eyayinecilongo ezisindayo-duty izindlela lobuchwepheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ngokuyinhloko kwakufuneka ngoba yesimanje mobile anti-aircraft missile izinhlelo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi uthole lezo nkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene ukubalisisa kwabo. Developed "Shrike 'ezikhalini ezijikijelwayo ezivuthayo US protivoradarnyh ayeqondiswe agudle search asebenzayo eqondileyo esikhishwa antenna. Ngokushesha ngemva kokwethulwa baba esibalulekile "amasondo iqhinga" okungukuthi, ngangokunokwenzeka a okusheshayo Ukuhlengwa ukulwa izikhundla ukuze ugweme ukuziphindiselela. Ukuletha eziyinkimbinkimbi azithole esesikhundleni ezokuthutha wanikwa imizuzu embalwa (ngokuvamile kancane engaphezu kwengu-20), kuyilapho, njengoba umthetho, uxhumano izintambo Simoni, ngoba sasingekho isikhathi sisuke kubo.

Konke lokhu nakho kubonakala umklamo air-ukuzivikela eziyinkimbinkimbi S-300 "Intandokazi". version yayo yokuqala waqala ukuba athuthukiswe ngo-1969, njengoba amasosha afakwe 1978.

imibandela eyengeziwe

Ngakho, izakhiwo mobile yesimanje izidingo emoyeni ukuzivikela ngesikhathi esifushane baphenduka futhi ukuza isimo bokulwa, bese nje ngokushesha (futhi mhlawumbe ngisho ngokushesha), idluliselwe isikhundla ezokuthutha futhi ushiye ezindaweni zokusebenza, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba Asabela kanjani izinyathelo isitha iwukudambisa ke. Kodwa zikhona ezinye izidingo Owadala ukubukeka ethembisa anti-aircraft missile izinhlelo S-300 "Intandokazi" zokuguqulwa ahlukahlukene. Omunye wabo yokuthi ekuqaleni isikhundla ukulwa kwaba ube nemfihlo. Uma beka SAM ethafeni evulekile, isitha uzokwazi ukuyithola ngezindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise ezibukwayo. Ukwethulwa ehlathini, noma ngenxa emphethweni engokwemvelo ezindaweni zosizo kunzima, ngoba lezi izithiyo kungavimbela ke. Nokho, ukuze ulondoloze isabelomali izimali, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu senzelwe Navy, Army futhi Air Defence. Lokhu mbiko ngokuyisisekelo zivumelana imigomo missile izinhlelo S-300 "Intandokazi".

Izidingo Eziyisisekelo nezici

Ekuqaleni umsebenzi wokwakha kakade uklame izinkinga main ukuvikela. Njengoba ezindizeni ezivamile nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane izakhi steel ezingeni Tactical, kwagxilwa nokunciphisa ezicitshwayo ongaphakeme-flying futhi ngesivinini amatshe, ehlasela kusukela Stratosphere ku velocities omkhulu (ikakhulukazi ukulwa amayunithi IDB). Lokhu anhlobonhlobo ongasebenza S-300 "Intandokazi". Izici uvumele cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlobo umgomo:

• Ububanzi - 5-90 (kamuva 150) km.
• Ukuphakama lesion bangabonwa futhi - kusuka 25 m kuya ku 27 km.
• target isivinini - kuze kufinyelele 4140 km / h, kamuva lakhuphuka lafika ku-10 eyinkulungwane km / h ..
• Inombolo kanyekanye wahlanganyela ezindizayo izinto - 6.
• Inombolo yezikhali ezicitshwayo at target ngamunye - 2.
• Amathuba yokubhubhisa target (missile ballistic) - kusukela 80 kuya 93%.
• Isikhathi phakathi siqala - kusuka 3 kuya 5 seconds.

Intercept ongaphakeme-ezindizayo futhi imigomo super-okusezingeni eliphezulu

Esikhathini yoma, umsebenzi ophuthuma kakhulu kwaba ukuzivikela kungenzeka ukubhujiswa izindiza trajectory flat futhi sezikhali yezikhali ezicitshwayo ballistic, kukhona ku trajectory sokugcina. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo futhi wadala S-300 "Intandokazi", kodwa nje umklamo walo uyakucabangela amathemba yentuthuko esebenzisa ukulethwa Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe. Intuthuko izikhali okuhlaselayo akunakugwenywa-ke, ezifana iphrojekthi ezibizayo - ukuze ugweme lokuphelelwa yisikhathi okuseduze - kufanele bakwazi ukudubula phansi izinto, flying ngokushesha nangaphezulu isihambile kubo. Ngaphansi kuka 25 amamitha? Mhlawumbe, kodwa ke, 70s, ukukubona ngeso lengqondo konke kungenzeka udale i-apharathasi abanekhono ezinjalo, kwakunzima akunakwenzeka, futhi namuhla kunzima. S-300 "Intandokazi" kwadingeka amathuba ukuguqulwa, zingabantu isikhathi futhi namuhla - basuke ikakhulukazi isekelwe Russian emoyeni yesimiso sokuzivikela, nakuba kwakunabamemezeli kakade "ukunqoba" we S-400 ezinezici ethuthukisiwe. On indlela futhi C-500.

isakhiwo division

Isimiso koMphathi kohlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela idinga i ezifanele ukuphathwa isakhiwo amayunithi.

Ukwakheka isethi eyinkimbinkimbi S-300 "Intandokazi" kuhlanganisa eziningi iziqhumane ephathekayo, akha uhlobo iqembu lapho omunye umshini yiwona ubhekwa ngokuyinhloko, nokuningi ezimbili - ozikhethela. Ngaphandle kwabo, yilelo nalelo libe nesigaba abathintekayo sokukhomba iziteshi radar kanye esebenzisa ukuqinisekisa ukulwa ukusebenza (ukushaja bezithuthi). Ukuphathwa Kwenziwa umyalo okuthunyelwe ephathekayo, ifakwe radar ukukhanyiselwa isiqondiso. Ukuthola bamatshe at ongaphakeme engamamitha trajectory ezivezwa umtshina ephansi engamamitha HBO, okuyinto olubekwa ekhethekile slide ukuphuma-trailer Rig.

rocket 5V55R

Inama ibanga yezikhali ezicitshwayo ezahlukene, manje ukuthi kwande ukuthi kube 5V55R athuthukile CB "Ithoshi". Yakhiwa ku isikimu classical ne alo isigwedlo yokunyathelisa. Esikhathini isikhundla ezokuthutha ekuqaleni 5V55R itholakala endaweni hermetically uphawu esitsheni ezimangelengele cylindrical. Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi, akadingi ukulawula isimo sabo, njengoba ifakwe injini okuqinile. I linezingxenye aqukethe missile imishini elawulwa, isiqondiso uzitholele nezinye uhlelo hardware. PU-300 "Intandokazi" angafeza ukwethulwa cishe noma yikuphi izinto ezifihliwe, kuhlanganise sibonga eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izici ezakhayo, ukuhlinzeka catapult isiqalo. Party, okuyinto umgomo, akubalulekile. Missile uyakhishwa kusukela isitsha ukuphakama kwamamitha 20, wabe iqala injini, futhi uphendukela endaweni efanele.

amandla alufakwa

Isenzo YENA kwehlukana kwasani izingxenye: kuqhuma kudala izenzo Vector iqondiswe ukugeleza abatelekile izakhi ngesimo ngiyothenga uyanda. 5V55R rocket S-300 "Intandokazi" elwa gumbi has a ikhanda ngobukhulu obungaba 133 kg kuqhume, 48N6 - 143 kg kanye 48N6M ezinamandla kakhulu - 180 kg. icala Ukuqalwa contactlessly (ie touch-injongo izindiza sikebhe uyazikhethela) radar fuze senzo. Submunitions zenziwa ngendlela metal amabhlogo.

electronics

I backwardness of Soviet yobuchwepheshe bama-electronic e ngeminyaka yoma akazange akhulume kuphela izakhamuzi ubuvila. Japanese noma German abalobi, ama-TV futhi imisakazo zazingcono ngempela, kodwa ukuqhathanisa kungenzeka ubuchwepheshe lempi, akekho owakwazi, kodwa ongoti. Ngakho, leli thimba eliholwa ngu V S. Burtsevym, wayeseyitholile athuthukile ikhompyutha control, elaba isisekelo 5E26 eziyinkimbinkimbi, uyakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu algorithmic kanye kuvame ethathwe emithonjeni eziningana (on-ebhodini futhi locators zangaphandle) Imininingwane kusele izingxenyana nje ze. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ukulwa uhlelo S-300 "Intandokazi" wathola ikhono lokuhlukanisa phakathi kweqiniso idatha zamanga. Bakha izenzo ezidingekayo ikumodi othomathikhi nge ngezinga eliphezulu umsindo amasosha omzimba. Eighties, imishini ngcono ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi le nqubo baqhubeka ngekhulu xxi, usebenzisa izingxenye esimanjemanje kakhulu.

Zingaki "izintandokazi" ku Ukraine?

Kuze 1991, lezi nezinye izinhlelo babe on uqaphile kuwo wonke azungezwe emngceleni we-Soviet Union, futhi ngemva kokuwa ingxenye yazo wayezuze APU. C-300 "Intandokazi" idinga ukunakekelwa onekhono: kusukela esikhathini ukukhiqizwa ngisho entsha "Ukraine" missile kuye kwaba ngekhulu ikota, okuyinto kabili ezingaphezu kuka isethi okuqinisekisiwe eshalofini yokuphila. Lilodwa eziyinkimbinkimbi lalungiswa ngo-2012 nge isandiso oneminyaka emihlanu kwalezi zinsiza. Kubo ngo-2013 uya umhlalaphansi, kodwa izenzakalo East kuvikela lawo izinhlelo. ukuzivikela Ukraine okwamanje emelelwa ayisithupha Battalion izinhlelo ezahlukene kanjani eziningi zalezi "izintandokazi" (C-200, "Buk-M1" nabanye.) - umphakathi jikelele kungukuthi unolwazi. Zenziwa eRussia, ngesikhathi esimila ubunjiniyela kubo. M. I. Kalinina, futhi ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, kungukuthi ithengiswe emazweni ukuphishekela izinqubomgomo abanamusa.

amathemba

Noma ngabe yikuphi, "Izintandokazi" ebuthweni Ukrainian ukuthi luselude. Nokho, isabelo sabo cishe ukhathele, kodwa ucabangela ubungqabavu okukhulu futhi lithembekile ubuchwepheshe aseSoviet, kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi ngisho nanamuhla iningi izinhlelo in a state of ukulwa ukulungela. Kukho konke lokhu Yiqiniso pro-Western umsinga Kiev ekuphathweni kusikisela ukuthi sesimanje emoyeni ukuzivikela kuyoba amasampula entshonalanga. Kudingeka imali, ukuthi akwanele, ukuze izibuyekezo esheshayo kufanele kulindeleke. Nokho, lokho angabekwa ukulwa emsebenzini ngemuva uvele ukhohlwe ukuthi kukhona zokugcina "ozithandayo?" I izinhlelo entsha akufanele silindele angaphandle inqubomgomo Yiqiniso Ukraine sika akungqubuzani ngokucace kangaka alindele ukuthi lamazwe ahamba phambili we NATO babezifaka engozini zinamanzi hhayi kuphela mahhala, kodwa imali eningi. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo kanjani aseMelika, eBrithani noma French missile ukuzivikela izinhlelo zizosebenza esimweni ukungqubuzana kwangempela ukuphambana ibe "hot" isigaba? Okuvame kakhulu emhlabeni entshonalanga SAM babhekwa wenza e-US "Patriot". Mhlawumbe bazobambisana ukushintsha ezicitshwayo Mat-300 "Intandokazi"?

Ukuqhathanisa ne "Patriot"

Cishe zonke izinkomba S-300 has a "Patriot". Ububanzi, lapho ukuthola target kungenzeka, kuba aphansi (90 Ukuqhathanisa 150 km). ukuphakama nciphisa njengabangelutho (24.4 kuqhathaniswa 30 eziyinkulungwane. m). Indawo evikelwe "intandokazi" insimu ngokuphindwe kayishumi ngaphezulu (150 sq. Km futhi 15 ngokulandelana). Uma uhlelo Russian of ukuguqulwa odlule ilungele nokunciphisa Okuqondiwe hypersonic (kufika ku-10 000 m / s), imbangi yayo American ilinganiselwe (kufika ku 2200 m / sec). Nokho, inani kweminsalo, eyenga ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphezu kwesigamu (24 no-12), kodwa futhi izindleko "Patriot" izikhathi ngenhla. ukushaja amandla futhi ephakeme phakathi "izintandokazi" - kweminsalo American kuba 80 kg. isikhathi ukuthunyelwa futhi ekunqandeni (imizuzu 15-30) futhi akakhulumi esivuna US isampula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazibekanga ezinezinjini, towed isidingo sakhe. Ngakho futhi, eRussia lezwakala phambili.