I-conjugate iyiqiniso, yangaphandle, i-diagonal. Ubukhulu be-pelvis encane yowesifazane

Ukukala kwe-pelvis kuyadingeka kubo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe. Lena inqubo esheshayo, engenabuhlungu futhi engenabungozi, ukugcwaliseka kwesimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokubhaliswa kwekhadi elikhulelwe ekudluliseni kokuqala owesifazane kumjozi wezifo. Ukugxila ngobukhulu bekhanda, ungahlela ukuphathwa kokubeletha: ngomzila wemvelo noma ngendlela yokuhlinzeka (isigaba sokudla). Amaqhinga akhethwe ngesikhathi esifanele avumela ukugwema izinkinga eziningi, ezisongela impilo yowesifazane nengane yakhe. Ukuzalwa okuhlelwe kahle - isiqinisekiso sokuthi ukuzalwa kwengane kuzoba lula futhi kuphephile.

I-conjugate yangempela ibanga elifushane phakathi kwe-cape kanye nephuzu elivelele kakhulu emgodleni we-pelvis encane endaweni yangaphakathi ye-symphysis. Ngokuvamile, leli banga liyi-11 cm.

Iyini i- pelvis encane?

Isikhwama sokubunjwa kwe-anatomical simelelwa amathambo amabili we-pelvic kanye nomgogodla we-distal (i-sacrum ne-coccyx). Ezingqineleni, ingxenye kuphela ebizwa ngokuthi i-pelvis encane ibalulekile. Lesi sikhala sinqunyelwe izingxenye ezingezansi zamathambo we- pelvic, i- sacrum ne-coccyx. Iqukethe izitho ezilandelayo: isambiso, isisu kanye ne-rectum. Esikhathini sayo, izindiza ezine eziyinhloko ziyahlukahluka. Ngamunye wabo unezilinganiso eziningana, ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-obstetric.

Amapharamitha wokungena kwesikhumba esincane

1. Ubukhulu buqondile. Lesi sibonakaliso sinamanye amagama - ukuguqula i-obstetric ne-conjugate eyiqiniso. Ilingana no-110 mm.
2. Isayizi siyaphambana. Ilingana no-130-135 mm.
3. Ukulinganisa kuyi-oblique. Zilingana no-120-125 mm.
4. I-Diagonal conjugate. Kulingana no-130 mm.

Amapharamitha wengxenye enkulu ye-pelvis encane

1. Ubukhulu buqondile. Ilingana no-125 mm.
2. Isayizi siyaphambana. Ilingana no-125 mm.

Amapharamitha wengxenye encane ye-pelvis encane

1. Ubukhulu buqondile. I-raven ingu-110-115 mm.
2. Isayizi siyaphambana. Ilingana no-105 mm.

Amapharamitha we-exit kusukela ku-pelvis encane

1. Ubukhulu buqondile. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha kungakhula, ngoba ikhanda le-fetus elihamba ngezintambo zokubeletha ligoqa i-coccyx emuva. I-95-115 mm.
2. Isayizi siyaphambana. Ilingana no-110 mm.

Ukulinganisa i-pelvis yowesifazane okhulelwe

Izinkomba ezingenhla ziyi-anatomical, okungukuthi, zinganqunywa ngokuqondile emathanjeni ase-pelvic. Ngomuntu ophilayo, akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni komzimba wokubeletha, okubaluleke kakhulu yimingcele elandelayo:

1. Ibanga phakathi kwe-aorta yamathambo ase- aliac ase-edge yangaphakathi ye-crest.
2. Ibanga phakathi kwamaphuzu ama-crests amathambo ama-aliac, okude ukusuka komunye nomunye ibanga elide.
3. Ibanga phakathi kokubheka kwezinsikazi endaweni yokuguqula ingxenye yawo engenhla emgodini wesibeletho.
4. I-conjugate yangaphandle (ibanga ukusuka kumabonakude we-pubic kuya emgodini we-lumbosacral).

Ngakho, usayizi ojwayelekile we-pelvis ulingana nama-250-260, 280-290, 300-320 namamitha ayi-200-210, ngokulandelana. Ukucaciswa kwala mingcele kuyadingeka lapho owesifazane okhulelwe ebhalisiwe. Ukulinganisa kwenziwa ngethuluzi elikhethekile (i-tasometer), okuyinto, ngendlela, engasetshenziswa futhi ngezilinganiso zekhanda lomntwana ozelwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ivolumu yezicubu ezithambile azithinti umphumela wesifundo. Imingcele ye-pelvis ihlolwe ku-protuberances ye-bony, futhi ayihambisani nanoma yikuphi ukulahleka kwesisindo noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ithola isisindo. Ubukhulu be-pelvis abukashintshi emva kokuba owesifazane afinyelele eminyakeni lapho ukukhula kwamathambo kuphela.

Ukuze uhlolisise ukunciphisa kwe-pelvis, ama-conjugates amabili ayabalulekile - iqiniso (obstetric) ne-diagonal. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa ngokuqondile, kungenzeka ukwahlulela usayizi wabo ngokungaqondile. Ukuxilongwa kwe-Diagonal in izimbungulu ngokuvamile akulinganiswanga nhlobo. Ukunakwa okwengeziwe kunakhokhelwa ku-conjugate obstetric.

I-conjugate yeqiniso inqunywe ifomula: ukubaluleka kwe- conjugate yangaphandle engamamitha angu-9.

Iyini isikhumba esincane?

Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngencazelo yalesi sigaba, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesikhumba esincane - isisu nesemtholampilo. Lezi zici, nakuba zingalingani, zihlobene eduze.

I-pelvis encane engacacile kufanele ibhekiswe uma okungenani imingcele eyodwa ingaphansi kwesayizi ojwayelekile we-pelvis. Idijithi ye-constriction iyahluka uma i-conjugate iqinisile engaphansi kwejwayelekile:

• Ku-15-20 mm.
• 20-35 mm.
• 35-45 mm.
• Ngaphezulu kuka-45 mm.

Izinga ezimbili zokugcina zikhombisa isidingo sokungenelela kokuhlinzwa. I-1-2 degree ye-Conjugate yeqiniso ivumela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uqhubeke nokubeletha ngendlela engokwemvelo, ngaphandle uma kungabikho usongo lokubukeka kwesimo esinjalo njengesifuba esincane semitholampilo. I-pelvis emincane emitholampilo isimo lapho imingcele yekhanda le-fetal ingafani nemingcele yesikhumba somama. Kulesi simo, zonke izilinganiso zalezi zinsuku zingaba ngaphansi kwendabuko (okungukuthi, kusukela ekubukeni kwe-anatomy le-pelvis akuyona iminyene njalo). Kungase kube khona isimo esingaphambene naso, lapho isikhumba esincane sokwemvelo sifana ngokugcwele nokucushwa kwekhanda le-fetal (isibonelo, uma ingane engekho enkulu), futhi akukho mbuzo we-diagnosis encane emitholampilo encane kuleli cala.

I-pelvis encane emitholampilo

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zalesi simo:

1. Kusukela ohlangothini lomama: ubukhulu obuncane be-pelvic, ubujamo obungavamile besithombeni (isibonelo, ukuguquguquka ngemuva kokuhlukumezeka).
2. Engxenyeni ye-fetus: i-hydrocephalus, ubukhulu obukhulu, ukukhulelwa okukhulelwe, ukufaka ikhanda phezu kwekhanda lapho ingane ingena esikhwameni esincane.

Kuncike ekutheni umehluko phakathi kwemingcele ye-pelvis yomama nekhanda le-fetus, ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezintathu zamaphilisi amancane emitholampilo:

1. Ukungafani okuhlobene. Kulokhu, ukubeletha okuzimele kungenzeka, kodwa udokotela kumele alungele ukwenza isinqumo esifike ngesikhathi sokungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
2. Ukungafani okuphawulekayo.
3. Ukungafani ngokuphelele.

Ukubeletha nge-pelvis encane emitholampilo

Idigri yesibili nelesithathu yizinkomba zokungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Ukuzala ngokuzimela kule nkinga akunakwenzeka. I-fetus ingasuswa kuphela ngokwenza isigaba se-cearean. Ngokungahambisani okuhlobene, ukubeletha kungokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele akhumbule ngengozi yokushintsha isimo sibe sibi nakakhulu. Udokotela kufanele acabangele ubunzima bokungafani phakathi nesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuze kunqunywe ngesikhathi esifanele amaqhinga engeziwe. Ukuxilongwa kwezimpawu, uma ukulethwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhlinzwa kuphela, kungabangela ubunzima obukhulu ngokususwa kwekhanda le-fetal. Ngokwehluleka okuvezweko okugcina kuzokushaywa emgodini wesitsha ngesibindi sokusika esizoholela ekuhlukunyezweni okukhulu kwekhanda nokubhujiswa. Ezimweni ezithuthukile, akunakwenzeka ukukhipha isisu esivela emgodini we-pelvic, ngisho nalapho wenza isigaba sokugcina. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umsebenzi kufanele uqedwe ngokusebenza kwesithelo.

Ake sibambe imiphumela

Yazi ubukhulu be-pelvis kuyadingeka. Lokhu kudingekile ukuze kusolwe ngesikhathi esifanayo izimo ze-pathological njenge-pelvic encane. Ukunciphisa ngobukhulu obujwayelekile kungaba ngamazinga ahlukene obukhulu. Kwezinye izimo, ngisho nokuzalwa okuzimele kungenzeka, kwezinye izimo, kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi wesigaba sokudla. I-pelvis encane emitholampilo - isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Akuhlali njalo kuhlangene nomqondo wesifuba esincane. Lezi zinsuku zingase zibe nemingcele evamile, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ukungafani okwenhloko yekhanda kukhona. Ukuvela kwesimo esinjalo ngesikhathi sokubeletha kungabangela izinkinga eziyingozi (okokuqala ingane yonke izohlupheka). Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokuthatha izinqumo ngokushesha ekusebenziseni amaqhinga kubaluleke kakhulu.