Memory: izinhlobo kanye nezici Laptop

Ikhompyutha, laptop, smartphone noma ithebulethi futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo inkumbulo. Inner ngokuvamile obhekene kulondolozwe amafayela emidiya kanye nezinhlelo, kodwa op isebenza, ngamanye amazwi, isikhathi. Ngokuvamile e devaysakh yesimanje isitokwe okwanele kokubili izinkumbulo, kodwa ukuthi umsebenzisi kudingeka nokwanda kwalo. Futhi uma esimweni ngaphakathi, wena umane ukuthenga yangaphandle hard drive, bese lokhu angeke kusebenze RAM.

Kuyini lokhu?

Memory - lena yefayela yesikhashana eligcina idatha zonke izinhlelo isikhathi esithile phakathi ukusebenza kwabo. Ngemva idivayisi ivaliwe, onalo kususwa. Ngakho-ke, i-PC njalo uncoma umsebenzisi ukusindisa yonke idatha kuhleleke, kusukela ngemuva kokushintsha izinguquko ezingalondoloziwe zinyamalale.

Ngokuvamile, uma kuziwa "RAM" livela ingobo yomlando esilondoloza zonke izinqubo esebenzayo kanye ne-software. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi leli gama ibizwa nangokuthi amadivayisi isitoreji sangaphandle ezifana amadiski noma amadivayisi isitoreji on tape kazibuthe.

Ngokuvamile, zonke izinhlobo RAM kukhona izakhi kohlelo oluyingozi. Bona ukugcina ikhodi umshini kwe-software, njengoba okokufaka / okukhipha futhi izinto eziphakathi, phezu kwalokho processor usebenza.

isisekelo zomlando

Ngaphambi kokuba sihlole izinhlobo kanye izinhlobo inkumbulo, kubalulekile ukuqonda konke kwaqala kanjani. Indaba iqala kakade 30s ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Khona-ke Charlz Bebbidzh wasebenza emshinini kohlaziyo. Labo amayunithi okwakufanele bagcine imiphumela isikhawu ukubala, wabiza "emafektri". Lonke ulwazi mayelana kula maseli athutha egcinwe ngesimo imiphini futhi ilungiselelo pinion ndawonye.

Lapho umshini ekubaleni of isizukulwane sokuqala isisunguliwe ukusebenza yayo, kuthathwa zokuhlola. On the "RAM" futhi akenzi lutho ukusho. ongakhetha bawo babeyizimpisi ezimbalwa, futhi isekelwe ezimisweni ngokomzimba. Zihlotshaniswa i edluliselwe kagesi, acoustic ukubambezeleka imigqa, cathode ray amashubhu kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D.

Khona-RAM ukubukeka kungaba ngokuphelele ezingalindelekile. Ngokuvamile kwaba imigqomo kazibuthe noma imiphini.

Nge ukukhululwa kwesizukulwane sama-computer yesibili okudingeke ukuba akucabange phezu ngempumelelo futhi RAM. Kwakukhona inkumbulo kazibuthe core. Isizukulwane sesithathu ukwenze eqa phambili, futhi waqala ukusebenzisa i-chip, lapho babe electronic izingxenye computer. Khona-ke sesiqalile avele izinhlobo RAM. Dynamic inakekelwa ngenxa ophathwa capacitor, futhi static - usebenzisa trigger.

Isimo samanje ezindabeni

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nqubo kuye kwaholela uhlobo entsha RAM. "RAM" namanje sincike kwamandla. Endabeni ka ukulahlekelwa amandla supply ngokushesha ilahlekelwa noma iyiphi idatha ezingalondoloziwe. Manje kunezinhlobo eziyisisekelo RAM. Ababona, njengasekuqaleni, ezimbili: static kanye ashukumisayo. Eyokuqala usebenza sibonga isibangeli, owesibili - the epholisayo.

Bobabili baye baba iyashelela. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga babukeka kanjani iyunithi nge Semiconductors, lebahleleke iyunithi ngokufinyelela khulula. inkumbulo Dynamic ishibhile. Ngokulandelayo, sithatha sihlolisise ngamunye wabo.

Dynamics of the

RAM has izinhlobo ezahlukene. Phakathi ukhiye ingashiwo ashukumisayo, noma dram. Kuyinto owande kakhulu lwamakhompyutha. Ngenxa yokuthi kuyinto ukonga ngaphezulu. Ukugcina olokugobhoza, ke uye wazakhela wesifunda okuyisipesheli inezingxenye ezimbili: capacitor kanye Transistor.

Lesi sakhiwo ishibhile futhi kubuye ukonga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ku-chip olulodwa ongama capacitors emikhulu futhi transistors, kunokuba kwenye okufana mojuli.

I ethile eyinhloko a "RAM" enjalo ubhekwa ijubane layo uma igijima. Isebenza kancane njengoba ukushintsha isimo capacitor kudingeka owengeziwe ngesikhathi icala khulula. Le nqubo ithatha ephindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kunomuntu e inguqulo static. Futhi, lolu hlobo unesinye kusimo lapho capacitors isikhathi sokukhishwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kuhlotshaniswe capacitance kagesi kanye ukuvuza wamanje elikhulu.

Kuyinto ngenxa yokuntuleka lolu hlobo lokugcina lethiwa: icala incipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke, kukhona Dynamics. Nokho, lulahlekile zonke imininingwane, capacitor kungabuyiselwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela ngelula ezimpilweni zabo. Ukuze uqalise ukubuyisela, kufanele uvumele isikhathi ishadi ukufunda. Lusebenza zonke imigqa array inkumbulo. Lo mcimbi ulawula processor noma imemori isilawuli.

statics

Lolu hlobo inkumbulo transistors. SRAM akudingi yokutakula, ngakho lethiwa. Inzuzo enkulu yale inkumbulo - ijubane layo eliphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indlela ye-trigger ukulungisa kanye elula logic amasango, ngakho ukushintshela Okokuqala akudingeki isikhathi esiningi.

Kodwa mina anginalo sibekezelele ezibizayo kanye nokumosha. Iqiniso ukuthi transistors ukuthi kukhona trigger, ibiza kakhulu ukwedlula ifomu wokuqala inkumbulo. Akuthinti izindleko futhi iqembu izindlela zabo eziphakemeyo ukwakhiwa. Futhi transistors luthathe isikhala esiningi ku-chip olulodwa.

RAM Static cishe ungalokothi elisetshenziswa PC lanamuhla. Ngokuvamile ibekwa ukuze RAM inhlangano superfast, engalimaza ukusebenza kohlelo, okuyinto ezibucayi.

Ukubonakala ziyakhohlisa

Ukuze ngaphandle ukuhlonza izinhlobo inkumbulo computer kufanele kube kuhle kakhulu ukuba sikuqonde. Umsebenzisi isilinganiso akakwazi ukukwenza. Ingabe, uma singasinda alikhulumi amamojuli amadeskithophu kanye laptops.

Noma kunjalo, manje kungenziwa labizwa izinhlobo eziningana RAM. Ezinye zazo manje asetshenziswa, sekuyisikhathi eside abanye saphela avele emakethe, kodwa namanje zingatholakala ku amadala amakhompyutha isizukulwane. Futhi eziningi onobuhle kwangaphambili akuzange olukhuni ongakhetha newfangled okuningi.

FPM

Lokhu ashukumisayo uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula. yokusebenza kwalo Isimiso ilula: Lidinga idatha ngokushesha kwikhasi eliye lasetshenziswa emjikelezweni odlule. Lobu buchwepheshe oluhambisana yayo Mode igama Fast Page. Manje ukuhlangabezana "RAM" obunjalo buyindlala, kusukela yayisetshenziswa njengomuzi ekuseni njengoba maphakathi nawo-90s kwekhulu elidlule. Khona abangane bakhe babe 486 kanye Pentium entsha.

Edo

Lona omunye inkumbulo, izinhlobo zazo kancane eyaziwa. Yena ngaphambilini wasebenza kakhulu ngo-1995 futhi iye ngokukhethekile olungiselelwe processor Pentium kuqala. Waba ngcono inguqulo yangaphambilini. Ukusebenza kanyekanye ngezenzo ezimbili kanyekanye: ukukhethela iphathi elandelayo ngesikhathi lapho waya processor odlule.

SDRAM

Kakhulu smart kukho RAM. Kuyinto ngokushesha kangangokuba kalula uxhumana ukuvama wokugaya. Isimiso of a eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe: chip unezitho ezimbili. Phakathi ukusebenza asebenzayo, eyokuqala sibhekiswe nelulwane, nakwezinye ukulungiswa lesi senzo. Le module kwaduma 1996. Waseqala ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa ngokuhlanganyela Intel. It yayikhiqiza ngempela, ngakho SDRAM yayidumile kuze 2001.

Lokhu izinhlobo inkumbulo odlule sebedlula nge impindiselo. Yaba ngokushesha kathathu kuka FPM, futhi kabili - Edo. Usebenze 133 MHz.

DDR

Lokhu yisihumusho se ngcono of dlule fike. Kwakubonakala nje ngo-2001. Ushintsho main ayinakho iwashi, kodwa ngqo umsebenzi uqobo. Manje, ngo-umjikelezo idatha olulodwa idluliselwa kabili.

DDR2

Kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu kwaba phambili inguqulo yangaphambilini. Yavela 2003, kodwa chipsets okukhiqizwayo ke kuze kube unyaka olandelayo. Njengomvini DDR2 odlule «ekuhlenga," ungakwazi ukudlulisa idatha kabili kuya ngomjikelezo iwashi. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi amamojula ezimbili - Ushintshe iwashi imvamisa, okuyinto etholakala ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo. Le nguqulo osephile isikhathi eside ngoba kwadingeka ezinye amaphutha. Ngenxa imvamisa anda kuyinto hudula lubonakale ku inqubo inkumbulo.

DDR3

Enye ezingengaphansi abadumile inkumbulo - DDR3. Izinhlobo "operativok" libhekisela uchungechunge SDRAM. Yathatha indawo isizukulwane esedlule. Isetshenziselwa Computing amadivaysi, kanye imemori vidiyo.

Le module inketho isibe ngokucophelela: silondoloza-40% amandla. Nciphisa amandla ephethwe ngokusebenzisa 90-nm processor lobuchwepheshe. Kulokhu, i-chip iye tibuye kabili esangweni transistors, okuyinto nje obhekene imisinga ukuvuza.

Trouble wukuthi module kulesi sikhathi zivulelwe ukushintshwa. ukhiye wakhe manje elise kwenye indawo, ngakho-ke, setha inkumbulo DDR2, akunakwenzeka ukubeka. Noma kunjalo, kwenziwa ngesizathu esithile. nemingcele kagesi awafani lezi amamojuli, ngakho njengoba ukuvimbela izilungiselelo eyiphutha, washintsha indawo ukhiye.

DDR4

New inkumbulo kwemvelo. Izinhlobo SDRAM wafika esiphethweni esinengqondo. New module uquqaba waphuma ngo-2014. Yena ngcono imvamisa izici futhi yehlise ugesi voltage. Umehluko omkhulu kusukela isizukulwane esedlule: siphindwe kabili isibalo amabhange (amayunithi 16).

Manje bandwidth futhi ezingcono kakhulu futhi ayikwazanga kwakuthiwa ukufinyelela kakhulu ngendlela 25 GB / s. Futhi ithuthukiswe ubuchwepheshe obusha ngcono ukuthembeka zonke izinqubo. Kulesi inkumbulo has processor ayo - Intel Haswell-E / Haswell-EP.

RAMBUS

Lena inkumbulo izinhlobo ezihlukene, izimfanelo okuyizinto ngempela eliphezulu. Lwakhiwe ngo-1996. Wanquma ukuthatha inkampani Intel. "RAM" ocime ingcono kakhulu "nozakwethu" yakhe. It wathola ilayisense ukukhathazeka ezaziwayo. Kamuva esasungulwa motherboards eziningana. Kubo wabonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba ngaphambi kokukhululwa yayo, Intel ithole iphutha, ngenxa okuyinto elahlekile mayelana $ 100 million. Manje lokhu mojuli kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa. Kepha useyilo PlayStation 2 futhi PlayStation 3.

notebooks

Ngokungafani RAM inkumbulo for laptops kanye PC kukhona lubonakale kuphela osayizi kanye namagama. Ngakho-ke, uphinda konke okungenhla akwenzi mqondo. Ukukhetha module leyo divayisi, udinga futhi uhlole zonke izinhlobo ezikhona memory ngoba notebook, ukunquma ukuhambisana yayo ne umbadlana futhi ukubhekana isigaba intengo.

I "RAM" lokuqala nouta wadedelwa ngo-2002. Kwakuyisikhathi imodeli SO DIMM SDRAM. Manje usevele engenakwenzeka ukuthola kuphi. Ngasebenza imvamisa 100 MHz kanye 133 MHz. SO DIMM DDR uvele kancane kamuva - ngo-2005. Sekuvele umyalelo ezidlula namandla kakhulu. Ngithole 266, 333 kanye 400 MHz. ukhiye Indawo kuqhathaniswa ne imodeli odlule ishintshile kakhulu. SO DIMM DDR2, mayelana "nozakwethu" yabo kusukela isizukulwane esedlule, uye futhi ube namandla kakhulu: imvamisa esiphezulu kuze kube 800 MHz. Ukhiye sigudluke futhi kodwa 1 mm, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu DDR, okuholela ukudideka nokuhambisana.

SO DIMM DDR3 langena emakethe ngo-2009. ukhiye Kwendawo ngokuphelele sihluke imodeli langaphambilini, abasebenzisi abangenalwazi ngakho manje awukwazi uhambe okungalungile. Imvamisa esiphezulu kule yunithi safinyelela 1600 MHz.

Notebooks washintsha, kushintshwe okuthile kulo bese inkumbulo ngabo nalo zishintshe. I module olandelayo baba Micro DIMM DDR2. ivolumu kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe 1 GB, okuyinto kwakwanele ukuba umsebenzisi.

Manje isimo nge-RAM Laptop ekabili. Iqiniso lokuthi onobuhle eziningi ube luhlelo oluhlanganisiwe, futhi esikhundleni "RAM" akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, funa ukwenza amamojuli ngoba noutom manje elincane kakhulu. Labo abasadinga ukuze wandise ivolumu kwisitoreji luhlobo yesikhashana, ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ukuze uthole kukho okuhle.

Manje, ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi ikhompyutha ezingosini ze-Internet futhi ehhovisi izicelo, kuyoba okwanele 1GB "RAM". Kodwa abadlali kufanele sibheke ezahlukeneyo namandla kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Kingston SO-DIMM DDR3 4GB PC10660. Kukhona le op inkumbulo Laptop ruble ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2. Umthamo ke, njengoba leli gama lisikisela, kuyinto 4 gigabytes. Uhlobo - DDR3, futhi imvamisa iwashi - 1333 MHz.

Phakathi kwezinye izinkampani ezikhiqiza eliphezulu amamojuli, kukhona Samsung, corsair, Hynix, ungowesilisa. Ukuze abanikazi desktop kukhona ongakhetha enamandla kakhulu, okuyinto ezikukhanga ngokukhethekile abalandeli imidlalo yama-computer - Kingston HyperX Fury Red Series. Isethi "RAM" kuhlanganisa ezimbili amamojuli 4 GB. Uhlobo - DDR3, futhi imvamisa iwashi - 1866 MHz. Intengo yale RAM kuyinto ruble 3,500.