Mari Republic: incazelo, idolobha, endaweni, futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Mari Republic (Mari El) - one of the Russian Federation, ezithinta isimo sabo siqu. Lokhu kumiswa, etholakala engxenyeni European yeRussia, unamalungelo okuzimela kusukela kwamaSoviet. Le ndawo ngempela eliyingqayizivele futhi kuyathakazelisa ucwaningo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Ake uthole ukwazi ukuthi ziyini weMari Republic kanye nabantu balo.

indawo

I-Republic of Mari El itholakala empumalanga ingxenye European Russian Federation. Enyakatho nasentshonalanga isihloko umfelandawonye emngceleni we Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni enyakatho nasempumalanga - ne Kirov esifundeni, eningizimu-mpumalanga - ne yeRiphabhuliki yaseTatarstan, futhi eningizimu - Chuvashia.

Mari Republic itholakala endaweni esipholile zone zezulu nge esipholile yezwekazi sezulu hlobo.

Le ndawo ngale ndaba ye Federation kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 23.4 sq. M. km, okuyinto Inkomba 72-m phakathi kwazo zonke izifunda zezwe.

Inhloko-dolobha ye Mari Republic - ngaya eYoshkar-Ola

Mfushane Umlando

Manje kancane abheke umlando Republic of Mari El.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kule nsimu lalihlala Finno-Ugric izizwe, ngubani, eqinisweni, kukhona isizwe titular weRiphabhulikhi. Encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla lasendulo lalibizwa Cheremisses, nakuba bona ngokuthi Mari.

Ngemva ukwakheka izizwe Golden zidlamlilo Mari wangena ngezithako zawo, futhi ngemva kokuwa isimo ingxenye nemingenela steel we Kazan Khanate. Ngenxa yokuhlangana Kazan Ivanom Groznym e 1552 lomhlabathi lwaba yingxenye Mari umbuso Russian. Nakuba izizwe Western Cheremisses wathatha yisakhamuzi Russian ngisho ngaphambili, futhi babhapathizwa. Ngemva kwalokho, indaba Mari kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa isiphetho Russia.

Kodwa kwezinye izizwe Mari engafuni ngakho nje ukuthatha yisakhamuzi Russian. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi kusukela 1552 ku 1585 kwaphawulwa eziningi Cheremis izimpi ogama Inhloso waphoqeleka izizwe Mari ukuthatha yisakhamuzi Russian. Ekugcineni Mari anqotshwa, kanye namalungelo abo ayokhawula kanzima. Kodwa eminyakeni okwalandela, baye ngenkuthalo ahileleke yokuvukela ezihlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, Pugachev kokuhlubuka kwase-1775.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iMari aqala ukwamukela isiko Russian. Baye basungula iskripthi ayo esekelwe Cyrillic zamagama, kuthi ngemva kuvulwa Kazan sabefundisi, abanye abamele abantu bakwazi ukuthola imfundo enhle.

Ngemva amaBolshevik wafika amandla Mari Autonomous Oblast yadalwa ngo-1920. Ngo-1936, i-Mari Autonomous Republic lamiswa ngo osekelwe kuyo (MASSR). Ngesikhathi kwelanga kweSoviet Union, ngo-1990, kwathiwa kabusha ku weMari Republic.

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union kanye kumiswa WaseRussia, omunye yezihloko isimo waba Mari Republic, noma njengoba ibizwa ngenye indlela, Republic of Mari El. Umthethosisekelo uhlinzeka ngokuthi imfundo yomphakathi ukusetshenziswa ngokulingana lezi zinto.

bakuleli zwe

Inani labantu base-weMari Republic okwamanje imele at yizinkulungwane 685,9. Abantu. Kuyinto nje yalokho 66-th phakathi kwazo zonke izifundo Russian netiNhlangano.

I kwabantu labantu kuleli zwe 29,3 abantu / sq. M. km. Ukuze uqhathanise: endaweni efanayo Nizhegorodskaya esifundeni Inkomba 42,6 abantu / sq M.. km, Chuvashia -. 67,4 abantu / sq km. km, futhi Kirov esifundeni -. abakhileyo 10.8 / sq km. km.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu bomdabu kanye abamelwe weMari El kukhona Mari, okwamanje bona - hhayi iqembu eziningi kakhulu yobuhlanga yezwe. I kakhulu phakathi labantu kule ndawo Russian sika. Bakha 45,1% abantu sebebonke the Federation. Mari kuyinto% 41,8 kuphela kuleli zwe. Yokubalwa kwabantu okugcinile, lapho Mari anda wamahlula isiRashiya, senziwa ngo-1939.

Phakathi kwezinye kwamaqembu ezinhlanga kukhona AmaTatar eziningi kakhulu. Inombolo yabo kufana 5.5% we lonke inani enihlala Mari-El. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuleli zwe abahlala Isi-Chuvash, isi-Ukrainian, Isi-Udmurt, Belarusian, Mordvins, Armenia, Azerbaijanis, namaJalimane, kodwa isibalo sabo sincane zincane kunalokho neyezizwe ezintathu eziphawulwe ngenhla okunzima.

Ukusatshalaliswa izinkolo

Mari El lenzelwa inombolo kahle esikhulu abasezinkolweni ezingefani. Kulokhu, 48% zingoFakazi amaKristu obu-Orthodox-6% lingamaSulumane futhi-6% - abasekeli inkolo yobuqaba yasendulo aseMari. Nokho, cishe ngo-6% abantu bakuleli batholakale - anikholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona.

Ngaphezu amahlelo ngenhla, esifundeni has umphakathi yamaKatolika kanye nemiphakathi bezinhlangano abahlukahlukene bamaProthestani.

division zokuphatha

I-Republic of Mari El, siqukethe izifunda eziyishumi nane imizi emithathu kwakuwukuthi lesifunda (ngaya eYoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk futhi Kozmodemyansk).

Ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi weRiphabhulikhi Mari: Medvedevsky (ayizinkulungwane 67,1 INH ..), Venigovsky (ayizinkulungwane 42,5 INH ..), Soviet (ayizinkulungwane 29,6 INH ..), Morkinsky (ayizinkulungwane 29,0 INH ..). Ayisebenzi, esikhulu kunazo zonke Kilemarsky District (ayizinkulungwane 3.3 sq. Km.).

Ngaya eYoshkar-Ola - inhloko-dolobha Mari-El

Inhloko-dolobha ye Mari Republic lingumuzi ngaya eYoshkar-Ola. It ikhona cishe maphakathi nesifunda. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo cishe izinkulungwane 265,0. Izakhamuzi ngesikhathi kwabantu labantu 2640,1 abantu / sq. M. km.

Phakathi bezizwe ubuswa isiRashiya, nge kubi nakakhulu kunangesikhathi jikelele kuleli zwe. Inani labo-68% abantu sebebonke. Maris okulandelayo kubo babe gravity ethize ka 24%, kanye Tatar - 4.3%.

Umuzi wakhiwe emuva 1584 njengoba uthango wezempi Russian. Kusukela yaqala ukuba khona futhi kuze 1919 yayibizwa ngokuthi Tsarevokokshaisk. Ngo-1919, ngemva KwamaBolshevik Revolution, yaqanjwa ngokuthi Krasnokokshaysk. Ngo-1927 kwanqunywa ukuba kabusha ngaya eYoshkar-Ola, okuhunyushwa kusukela eMari njengoba "idolobha abomvu".

Okwamanje, ngaya eYoshkar-Ola - a izikhungo elikhulu lesifunda nge athuthukile ingqalasizinda, umkhakha namasiko.

Okunye republic idolobha

Ezinye izindaba zika-dolobha weMari republic kubonisa ukuthi mancane kakhulu ngaya eYoshkar-Ola. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo Volzhsk linabantu 54,6 inkulungwane. Abantu, okuyinto kancane cishe kahlanu ukwedlula enhloko-dolobha.

emadolobheni Okunye esifundeni angakwazi ozibongayo kubantu nakakhulu. Ngakho, ngo-Kozmodemyansk bukhoma ayizinkulungwane 20,5 abantu Medvedevo - .. izinkulungwane zabantu 18.1, Zvenigovo - .. izinkulungwane zabantu 11.5, edolobhaneni KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - .. izinkulungwane zabantu 10.4 ..

Imizana esele ye-republic ezinenani labantu abangaphansana abantu ngaphansi kuka-10,000.

ingqalasizinda republic

Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe ingqalasizinda Russian Mari Republic, ngaphandle emzini ngaya eYoshkar-Ola, akakwazi ngokuthi evuthiwe.

Ezweni kukhona eyodwa kuphela sezindiza elise enhloko-dolobha yalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esifundeni has 2 iziteshi ibhasi 51 ibhasi. Sesitimela ezokuthutha imelelwa iziteshi nane.

Indlu Mari republic ngokuvamile eyakhelwe kwezinkuni. Le nto iye yasetshenziswa amakhulu eminyaka njengenhlangano ekahle yokuzalela kulezi zindawo. Benefit ngokhuni esifundeni entulekayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaningi eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo lakhiwa futhi izindlu zakhiwa ngezinto zokwakha zesimanje.

Kusukela ekuqaleni yeminyaka enhloko-dolobha ngaya eYoshkar-Ola wenza emikhulu ngomsebenzi wokwakha ukubuyisela izikhumbuzo kwamasiko futhi yokwakha umuzi.

Umnotho republic sika

Phakathi izindawo umkhakha ngensimbi eziphambili kakhulu futhi isiqoqi sama-softwe. Kukhona futhi izinkampani ezisebenza ukhuni, zendwangu nokudla izimboni. Cishe wonke umkhiqizo bagxila emzini ngaya eYoshkar-Ola futhi Volzhsk.

Ngo ezolimo, maningi amathuba ukuthuthukiswa livestock ikakhulukazi izinkomo nezingulube. Nqampuna ngokukhethekile ezikhulayo izitshalo ezilandelayo: okusanhlamvu, yefilakisi, aklaba izitshalo, amazambane kanye nezinye nemifino.

ezokuvakasha

Huge ezingaba nokungcebeleka izinsiza idume Mari Republic. Nezokungcebeleka esifundeni Yiqiniso, ezahlukene kusukela evamile ngasolwandle zokungcebeleka, kodwa uyakwazi ukuletha akukho kancane, futhi mhlawumbe fun ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Umoya ohlanzekile, okuyinto elicwile emakhoneni elivikelwe yalesi sifunda Awukwazi ukufaka lutho.

Of inothi oluthile echibini ku Mari Republic. Isifunda has inqwaba yawo, futhi abanesithakazelo enkulu izivakashi. Ikakhulukazi Kuyaphawuleka Kulikovo echibini ngasemzini Volzhsk.

Kulabo izihambi ngubani uthanda ukuhlala ehlelekile, ukuvula iminyango yabo ekuzijabuliseni izikhungo, amakamu zezingane futhi sanatoriums Mari Republic.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, nakuba isizwe titular weMari El kukhona Mari, iningi lezakhamizi esifundeni sika - yobuhlanga Russian.

Ngaphambi ngendalo 1920 weMari Autonomous Region Mari wayengekho kwakhe, futhi insimu ka samanje Republic Mari El ibilokhu ihlukaniswe phakathi izifundazwe ezimbalwa.

Ngaphandle Mari Republic iyikhaya ezandayo Mari, kunalokho phakathi.

izici Jikelele weMari Republic

Nakuba weMari Republic futhi ayikwazi ngokuthi i esifundeni eziphambili zezimboni zaseRussia, Isifunda has a zinethuba lokuthuthuka. ingcebo Its main - abantu abazikhandlayo. Iningi nabakhileyo esifundeni - yobuhlanga Russian futhi Mari. Isifunda akuvamile ugcwale futhi linedolobha eyodwa kuphela, okungase ngokuthi kunemibandela omkhulu - inhloko-dolobha ngaya eYoshkar-Ola.

Ngaphezu umthamo womuntu, iMari Republic zonke ezaziwayo elaseRussia nokuningi izinsiza zokungcebeleka eziyingqayizivele. amaholide ezinempilo esifundeni lokukwazi ukwelapha inqwaba izifo.