Mandelshtam Nadezhda: Biography nezinkumbulo

Mandelshtam Nadezhda ... Le wesifazane emangalisayo yokuphila kwakhe, ukufa kanye izinkumbulo abangela isiyaluyalu ezinkulu e nezihlakaniphi Russian futhi Western, ukuthi mpikiswano mayelana yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni namathathu banesifo esibi nzima futhi forties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, memoir wakhe futhi ifa etemibhalo ihlala kuze kube manje. UBooysen wakwazi ukusho ukuthi ukuxabana nesehlukaniso nhlangothi zombili kocingo we abangane bakhe bakudala. Wahlala ethembekile ngefa esankondlo umyeni kabuhlungu ongasekho Osip Mandelstam. Ngenxa wakhe, ugcine omningi yakhe. Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuthi lwalumenza umlando uNadezhda Mandelstam. Izinkumbulo owesifazane ukwenza umthombo wangempela zomlando wesikhathi esabekayo yokucindezelwa uStalin.

ebuntwaneni

Le ntombazane nelukuluku futhi abanamakhono wazalwa ngo-1899 emndenini lamaJuda Khazin, abakhetha ubuKristu. Owami ubaba wayeyisidakwa, ummeli, nonina wasebenza njengoba udokotela. UNadia Indodakazi encane. Ekuqaleni, umkhaya wakubo wawuhlala e Saratov, wabe esedlulela Kiev. Kukhona futhi wafunda Mandelstam esizayo. Hope wangena sokuzivocavoca labesifazane nge intuthuko ngesikhathi wehlelo lefundo zombelele. Akubona bonke izinto banikwa kuye kahle kokubili, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke uyalithanda indaba. Abazali nawo amandla, ukuya nendodakazi yakhe ukuhamba. Ngakho, Nadia wakwazi ukuvakashela eSwitzerland, eJalimane, eFrance. Imfundo ephakeme alikapheli, nakuba wangena ubuhlakani umthetho Kiev University. Hope umxhwele imidwebo, ngaphandle waduma minyaka enzima inguquko.

Uthando eliyingqayizivele

Manje kwase kuyindodana le romantic kakhulu ekuphileni sentombazane. Ukusebenza eKiev ngo studio, wahlangana imbongi abasha. Wayeneminyaka engu-nesishiyagalolunye ubudala, futhi wayengumfelokazi umsekeli "uthando ihora", elalilisha ngalesosikhathi kakhulu udumile. Ngakho-ke, ubuhlobo phakathi kwala madoda abasha abethela ngosuku lokuqala. Kodwa Osip ngakho wathandana umculi ugly kodwa ebukekayo ukuthi iwine enhliziyweni yakhe. Kamuva, lona wesifazane wathi wayebonakala bazizwe sengathi kwabona nesikhathi esifushane ukujabulela nomunye. Laba bobabili eseshadile futhi manje kwaba umkhaya wangempela - Mandelshtam Nadezhda Osip. Umyeni kakhulu nomona nonkosikazi futhi engafuni ukuba ahlukane naso. Osip walondoloza izincwadi eziningi kumkayo, uqinisekise izindaba ajwayelekile imizwa umndeni sika ezazingaphansi phakathi kwabashadile.

iminyaka "Black"

Kodwa ukuphila komkhaya kwakuhlanzekile hhayi kamnandi kangaka. Osip waphenduka yokubonisana uthando nesiphingayo, Hope babekhwelezelana. Babehlala ubumpofu, futhi kuphela ngo-1932 wathola endlini enamakamelo amabili eMoscow. Futhi ngo-1934 imbongi Mandelstam waboshelwa izinkondlo ngokumelene Stalin futhi ngagwetshwa iminyaka emithathu ethile edingiselwe edolobheni Chernyn (eMfuleni Kama). Kodwa njengoba nati ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu ke nje waqala ukuphotha, Mandelshtam Nadezhda wathola imvume ukuhamba nomyeni wakhe. Khona-ke, ngemva kokuhlupheka abangane abanethonya, umusho Osip sashintshwa mthetho wakhe ukuphila emadolobheni amakhulu wase-USSR, futhi lo mbhangqwana waya Voronezh. Kodwa ukuboshwa waphula imbongi. Waba othambekele ukucindezeleka futhi umhayizo, esezama ukuzibulala, waqala uhlushwa ngamaphupho nje la. Lo mbhangqwana wazama ukubuyela eMoscow, kodwa akazange uthole imvume. Futhi ngo-1938, Osip waboshwa okwesibili, wabulala ekamu elisendleleni ezimweni akucacile.

Nokwesaba indiza

Mandelshtam Nadezhda wasala yedwa. Njengobe abengakwati konkhe loko ngokufa komyeni wakhe, wabhala kuye incwadi esiphethweni, okuyinto wazama ukuchaza ukuthi ayibone imidlalo zezingane manje izingxabano zabo esidlule futhi usengummemezeli sorry okwakwenzeka ngalezo zikhathi. Wabe wokuthi ukuphila yakhe ibe lusizi ngoba ungamazi lo usizi. Walondoloza wesandla umyeni wakhe. Wayesaba ukusesha nokubopha, ukuze ngekhanda kukho konke akudalile, like izinkondlo namaprozi. Ngakho-ke, uNadezhda Mandelstam ngokuvamile sokufaka. Edolobheni Kalinin wokheleka izindaba kuqala impi, futhi yena nonina zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo ukuze Asia Ephakathi.

Kusukela ngo-1942, yena uhlala e Tashkent, lapho uthisha IsiZulu i kuphela zangaphandle esikoleni esiphakeme futhi imisebenzi. Ngemva kwempi, u-Hope kuhanjiswe ku Ulyanovsk, bese - ku Chita. Ngo-1955, yena waba inhloko yalawa uMnyango isiNgisi Isi-Chuvash Pedagogical Institute, lapho evikela mqondo yakhe.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngo-1958, Mandelshtam Nadezhda Yakovlevna iphumula kanye luhlala eduze eMoscow, edolobheni Tarusa. Kukhona iziboshwa eziningi zangaphambilini zezombusazwe uphile futhi endaweni bemthanda eyamukelwayo. Kwakulapho Hope watlola Umlando wakhe, uqala okokuqala ukushicilela ngaphansi mbumbulu. Kodwa impesheni azanele ekuphileni kwakhe, ngakho waphinde ethola umsebenzi ngesikhathi Pskov Pedagogical Institute. Ngo-1965, uNadezhda Mandelstam ekugcineni uthola eyikamelo elilodwa sokuhlala eMoscow. Wachitha iminyaka yokugcina lapho. Ngo ubumpofu bakhe efulethini owesifazane wakwazi ukugcina salon tetemibhalo, ezivuma pilgrimage Russian hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezazi Western. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Hope wanquma ukushicilela incwadi ka Umlando wakhe eNtshonalanga - eNew York, eParis. Ngo-1979, waqala ukuba nenkinga ngenhliziyo kwaze kwaba seqophelweni sina, ukuthi wayekade ebekiwe embhedeni ukuphumula. Kwahlelwa eduze eceleni iwashi umsebenzi wakhe poseli. Disemba 29, 1980 lamfica ukufa. Ngithemba ukufunda inkonzo yokungcwatshwa kwa emkhubeni Orthodox, wembelwa ngo-January 2 ngonyaka ozayo Troekurov emathuneni.

UNadezhda Mandelstam: incwadi futhi ukusabela kubo abantu besikhathi

Kusukela ekudalweni lokhu ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni esiphikisayo waziwa kakhulu ngezingoma zakhe "Umlando", okuyinto yashicilelwa eNew York ngo-1970, kanye ezengeziwe "incwadi yesibili" (Paris, 1972). Lokho-ke kuye kwabangela ukusabela abukhali abangane abathile Wethemba. Zathola ukuthi i-unkosikazi Osipa Mandelshtama ukusonta amaqiniso nokuzama axazulule izikolo siqu Umlando wakhe. Nje ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ebona ukukhanya futhi Hope "Okwesithathu Book" (Paris, 1978). On izimali zabo, yena regaled abangani owabathenga izipho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke zomlando umyeni wakhe, imbongi Osip Mandelstam, umfelokazi kubaqoqi Princeton University e-United States. Akazange ukuphila ngokuvumelana nokusizwa kwalabo abangaboni imbongi omkhulu naseduze wathi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ukuthi wayelinde wakhe. Lokhu kwaba, Nadezhda Mandelstam. Biography lokhu ungowesifazane onesibindi usitshela ukuthi ngisho kule minyaka "abamnyama" kungaba Okuyınqo, indoda ehloniphekile.