Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "ukunxusa"? Ukuxhaswa kweCzechoslovakia. Isengezo ngu ....

Igama elithi "ukunxusa" lisho uhlobo lokuhlukunyezwa kwezwe elilodwa ngokumelene nelinye, lapho izindawo zabo zingabumbana khona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa umqondo ocatshangelwayo kwenye indawo ejwayelekile - umsebenzi, okusho ukuqedwa kobunikazi bomthetho wensimu ebanjwe.

Izibonelo zesithasiselo

Isibonelo esibangekayo yizehlakalo eziseBosnia naseHerzegovina, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona - umsebenzi wase-Austria wezwe ngekhulu le-19, okusho ukuthi umuntu oyedwa - obuthakathaka ithonya lobukhulu base-Austria kanye nokubuya okulandelayo kwezinkululeko ezithile zomthetho (isibonelo, ukubuya ilungelo lokugqoka igama langaphambili ). Esinye isibonelo ukufakwa kwe-United States yaseHawaii. Akufanele sikhohlwe ngomcimbi onjengoba ukufakwa kweCzechoslovakia ngeJalimane noma ukufakwa kweCrimea eRussia. Lo mqondo wawuwumphumela wokuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo yemvelo enobudlova ezweni elinamandla ngokuphathelene nombuso owawubuthakathaka izikhathi eziyishumi.

Umlando wokuxhaswa eRussia

Ngakho-ke, ukuxhaswa, ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamazwe omhlaba, isithasiselo sokukhokhiswa okungekho emthethweni kanye nokuthunjwa yizwe elilodwa lensimu yomunye. E-Russia, lo mqondo waqala ukuhlangana ngekhulu le-19 futhi wawukhombisa ukujoyina esifundazweni noma esifundeni kwesinye isimo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okungenani akukho senzo esimemezelo sokwenqatshwa komnikazi wangalesosizinda (isimo). Ama-synonyms aleli gama abe "okunamathiselwe" kanye "nokuxhumeka".

Ukuxhaswa kungukuphulwa okwedlulele kwamalungelo?

Ukuxhaswa ukuphulwa ngokweqile kwamalungelo angaphandle. Ukungabi nalutho kwezimpikiswano ezinjalo ezibangelwa ukuvela kwesihlonzi kuboniswa izivumelwano ezithile nezenzo zomhlaba. Isibonelo, yisigwebo se-Nuremberg Military Tribunal (1946), kanye nesimemezelo se-UN mayelana nokungavumeleki kokuphazanyiswa ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamazwe, isimemezelo esichaza izimiso zomthetho wamazwe omhlaba futhi sibhekane nezindawo zokubambisana nobuhlobo obuhle phakathi kwezizwe (1970). Isenzo seNgqungquthela Yezokubambisana Nezokuphepha EYurophu (uMthetho Wokugcina) futhi sikhuluma ngokungahambi kahle kokufakwa kwesihlonzi.

Umnikelo ngumqondo ohambisanayo

Isithasiselo nesihlengo - ngokuvamile lezi zici ezimbili zithintana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, leli gama lesibili ligcizelela ukukhokhwa kwezinkokhelo ezithile ezweni elilahliwe.

Ngo-1918, emva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, "ukuthula ngaphandle kokufakwa kanye nezibonelelo" kuphakanyisiwe. Kodwa-ke, mayelana neRussia, lesi simiso sabekwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthula ezingenasiphelo, ngokuhambisana nokulungiswa kuphela ngo-1922. Ngakho-ke, izwe elinjalo, elisekelwe emlandweni wangempela, alikwazi. Ngokusekelwe kwencazelo yegama, ukunxusa kuyindlela yokuqhubeka kwezenzo ezinonya, nakuba kungafani nesikhathi sempi.

Umqondo womsebenzi

Ukuxhaswa kufanele kuhlukaniswe nomsebenzi. Ngakho, ukunxusa kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwezenzo ezithile ezingafaki izinguquko engxenyeni yendawo engokomthetho yensimu. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iBosnia neHerzegovina, eyayisemsebenzini u-Austria-Hungary futhi ihlanganiswe nayo ngo-1908 kuphela, ingaba yisibonelo. Kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, lesi simiso sasingumBuso Wase-Ottoman.

V.I. ULenin ngokuxhaswa

ULenin wanikezwa nencazelo yalo mqondo. Ngokombono wakhe, ukuxhaswa kuyinxushunxushunxuswe ngokucindezela, ukucindezelwa komuntu, okuvezwe ekufakweni kwendawo yomunye umuntu.

Imiphumela emibi yokuthola imali

Ngaphambilini, umqondo onjalo njengesihlengo esichaza ukuqoqwa okukhokhelwayo okuphoqelekile noma ukukhishwa kwempahla esivela esimweni esinqotshwe ngemuva kokuphela kwempi kakade isetshenzisiwe kakade. Enhliziyweni yomnikelo umqondo onjengokuthi "ilungelo lomnqobi". Lesi simiso sisetshenziswa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ubulungiswa ekuqhubeni kwempi ngombuso ophumelelayo. Inani, ifomu kanye nemigomo yokukhokha inhlawulo inqunywa ngumnqobi. Lo mqondo wavela njengendlela yokuthi abantu bezwe noma idolobha elihlukunyezwe baqale bathengwa ekuthunjweni okungenzeka.

Umlando unikeza izibonelo ezicacile zokusetshenziswa kwezibonelelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvinjelwa kokuphanga okungavinjelwe kwabantu, inani lokukhishwa lalilinganiselwe ngo-1907 ngaphansi kwezihloko ze-Hague Convention. Nokho, phakathi nezimpi zomhlaba ezimbili lezi zihloko zaphulwa kabi. Isivumelwano se-Geneva, esasimemezela ukuvikelwa kwezizwe ngo-1949, asizange sinikezele ukuqoqwa. I-Entente ithi ngenqubo yokudala i-Versailles Peace Treaty, eyasayinwa ngo-1919, nayo yaphoqeleka ukushiya lolu hlobo lwemali engenayo, kodwa yalithatha indawo ngokubuyisela. Ngo-1947, izivumelwano zokuthula zihlinzeka ngemigomo yokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezibonelelo. Ukuyisusa esikhundleni, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ukubuyisela, ukubuyisela esikhundleni, ukubuyiswa kabusha kanye nezinye izinhlobo zemithwalo yemfanelo yamazwe eza.

Isithasiselo seCzechoslovakia ngeJalimane

Ukuphendukela ezenzakalweni zeMpi Yezwe II, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukulandelana kukaHitler ekufinyeleleni imigomo ebekiwe. Ngakho-ke, uma osombusazwe baseNtshonalanga bethatha izitatimende zakhe ngokungathí sina, izinyathelo ezifike ngesikhathi zingamisa uHitler ekuqaleni. Kodwa amaqiniso ayizinto ezingenakuphikwa. Ngakho, ngemva kokuxoshwa kukaSasseten kaHitler, kwenziwa isinqumo sokuthatha yonke iCzechoslovakia. Lesi sinyathelo sasivumela inqubomgomo yaseJalimane, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zomnotho, ukuthola inzuzo yezemvelo engxenyeni esempumalanga yeYurophu, eyabangela ukuphumelela kokusebenza kwempi ePoland naseBalkans.

Ukuze ukuthunjwa kweCzechoslovakia kungabi negazi, kwakudingekile ukucasula isimo saseCzechoslovak. UHitler uye wafaka izitatimende ngokuphindaphindiwe ngesidingo sokuvimbela impi yaseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, emva kwezenzakalo eMunich, osombusazwe waseJalimane waqala ukuqonda ukuthi inkinga enjalo elandelayo ingagcina kuphela empini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, noma yikuphi "ukudlala ngothando" neLondon nakho kwalahlekelwa incazelo yalo.

Phakathi kwemizamo yakamuva yophiko lwama-diplomacy kwaba ukusayinwa ngo-1938 kwesivumelwane neFrance, okuqinisekisile ukungabi namandla kwemingcele efanele. Lokhu kwakuwuhlobo lokunciphisa isimemezelo saseMunich sase-Anglo-German, esenzelwe ukunikeza ukuthula okufutshane kweJalimane emgodini osempumalanga. Futhi kusukela endaweni yaseParis, lezi zivumelwano zaphawula isigaba sokuqala sesigaba esisha ngokuphelele e-European diplomacy.

Nokho, uHitler wayehlala ngokuphelele eCzechoslovakia. KwakuyiJalimane okwenyusa i-separatism. Uhulumeni wasePrague wenze imizamo yokugcina ukulondoloza izinsalela zesimo sombuso. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni waseSlovak noRutheni (iTranscarpathia) wahlakazwa, futhi waqala umthetho wezempi ensimini yeSlovakia. Isimo esinjalo ensimini esinikeziwe sasineliseke ngokuphelele nguHitler. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1939, abaholi baseSlovakia baseSlovakia (uJosef Tiso noFerdinand Durkansky) bamenywa eBerlin, lapho kwakulungiswa khona imibhalo, eyamemezela ukuzimela kweSlovakia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uReich wabizwa ukuba athathe umbuso omusha ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwawo. Ngakho, ukufakwa kweCzechoslovakia ngeJalimane kwenziwa.