Likuphi neBhetelehem: incazelo, umlando, ezikhangayo futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

EBhetlehema idolobha ngakho lasendulo, ukunquma usuku oluqondile isisekelo salo mlando bengayi. Usuku ke cishe 17-16 eminyaka BC. Umhlaba lapho eBetlehema, PA ezihlobene endaweni ezizimele (eningizimu yeJerusalema). Leli dolobha loMfula eMfuleni iJordani. EBhayibhelini, libizwa ngokuthi Efrat, weBhethelehema yakwaJuda. Kodwa leli gama, kunalokho, libhekisela yonke indawo, okuyinto manje eBhetlehema yesimanje.

Umlando waseBhetlehema: kukhulunywa okokuqala

Thola lapho eBetlehema, kulokho lizwe, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi endaweni phikisa. Kule ngxenye ezweni amangalelwe ngohlelo Israyeli futhi Palestine. Ukulungisa izingxabano ubufakazi. Nakuba isivumelwano sokuthula ophethe umuzi unala asePalestina.

endaweni yaleli dolobha ihlanganisa 5.4 amakhilomitha square. Lokhu indawo encane amakhulu eminyaka yanqoba ngokuphindaphindiwe. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala sihlehlela emuva 17-16 eminyaka BC ukuzalwa kweNkosi uDavide wagcotshwa yinkosi umprofethi uSamuweli.

Basilica kanye Zenkolo

Ngo 326 yayakhiwe Church of kukaJesu, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi liqala uchungechunge zokubanga ubunikazi eBhetlehema zihlotshaniswa nezwe yobuKristu futhi baba olunye lwezimpawu ukholo. Ngo 1095 uPapa Urban II ihlelwe Yenkolo yokuqala ngenhloso anqobe ikhulule iJerusalema, eNazaretha wabe esethi lawo eBhetlehema bevela kokubusa kwamaSulumane. Umgomo yafinyelelwa ngo 1099. Ngemva ngokunqoba kwakuhlelwa uMbuso eJerusalema, sathatha kuze 1291.

isikhathi Ottoman

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-16 no-20 leminyaka, eBhetlehema, leZwe Elingcwele, eJerusalema kwakungekaNkulunkulu ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Naphezu yifa Muslim, izihambeli yawela ezindaweni ezingcwele ngokukhululekile. Kodwa eminyakeni 1831-41, ukufinyelela eBhetlehema yavalwa Muhhamedom Ali (Khedive zaseGibhithe), okuyinto yayingaphansi kokulawula komuzi iminyaka eyishumi.

Russia wangena empini YaseCrimea nge yoMbuso WaseTurkey eminyakeni 1853-1856, isizathu kwaba ukwenqaba okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni Russian ukunikeza kobuholi obuKristu eZweni Elingcwele.

I yamuva kwekhulu lama-20

Ngo-1922, leli Betlehema ngemva buthakathaka yoMbuso WaseTurkey wafika ngaphansi protectorate yaseBrithani. Ngaphansi UN yomthetho yomuzi yawa ngo-1947, futhi ngo-1948, eJerusalema neBhetelehem bathunjwa yi Jordanians. Kusukela ngo-1967 futhi kuze kube 1995 umuzi wawuyigolide ngaphansi kolawulo Israeli. Ngenxa yalokho izingxoxo ngo-1995, lanikeza Palestina Authority, lapho isekhona kuze kube yilolu suku.

Indlela eya eBhetlehema

Palestina Authority engxenyeni lapho eBetlehema - yezindawo wavakashela kakhulu emhlabeni. Umuzi akukaze ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwama-esifundeni. Inani layo itholakala komunye indiza: ukuzalwa kule ndawo yabakhulu, uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezenzeka mists isikhathi kanye nokuchaza impilo yesimanje kwamasiko nezingokomoya.

izinsuku sidilizwa kunzima, kodwa izindawo lokuqala eyingqopha ohlonishwayo elisoGwini emgwaqweni osuka eJerusalema uya eBhetlehema - kuyinto kwethuna likaRaheli. Igama lalona wesifazane ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso iTestamente Elidala ngokuthi unkosikazi abathandwa ukhokho Isaka. Yithuna iyona into yokugogobala yamaJuda. Kule ndawo, wonke kweqa: endaweni yokuphumula kaRaheli, elise phakathi zamaBedouin emathuneni, okuyinto edonsela amaSulumane ukuhlonipha wawoyise.

inkosi waseBhayibhelini

Endaweni lapho kukhona eBhetlehema, wazalwa enye yamakhosi edume kunazo - UDavid. Kube wagcotshwa waba yinkosi. David wajoyina ezweni lakwa-Israyeli, yanqoba yayihlasela futhi yayinqoba i eJerusalema, awenza inhloko-dolobha yombuso wakhe. EJerusalema, indodana kaDavide uSolomoni akha ithempeli lihlonishwa wonke amaJuda.

Mayelana egameni likaDavide ngokuvamile okukhulunywa ukhokho wakhe uRuthe. Wangena nezincwadi zomlando wamakhosi iBhayibheli ngenxa yobungcwele bayo nothando uninazala. Ukuze ondle isalukazi, uRuthe ekhothoza amasimu azungeze iBhetlehema wahlala emva kwabavuni, abasebenza umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo. Ngo amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, futhi lé emasimini efanayo uzowezwa amazwi izingelosi, icilongo Christmas. Le ndawo manje ebizwa ngokuthi i "The Inkambu Abelusi" futhi libhekisela edolobheni elincane Beit Sahour.

The main Luhambo

Indawo lapho emzini waseBhetlehema, umlando walo oyimfihlakalo. Gadangisa ingxenye izenzakalo zomlando wasendulo kungenziwa okusekelwe imithombo ezingabazekayo nemivubukulo. EBhetlehema, iisus hristos wazalwa, futhi belinganisa amagugu core lo muzi emehlweni amakholwa futhi izazi-mlando. Mayelana nokuthola kukaJesu eBetlehema emhumeni, idolobha atholwe ukubaluleka global. Ukuze shrine amaKristu alwa amaSulumane amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Zokholo ukunqoba wakhala amakhosi empumalanga. Umlando uyazi amathempelana amaningi emhlabeni izimpi wezimpi ezalandela.

Ngo 326, ngomyalo wabaholi iNdlovukazi Helena waseByzantium phezu emhumeni kukaJesu Yakhiwa Church of the kukaJesu. Ngo-529, isonto labhekana umonakalo eside amaSamariya wayihlubuka umthetho WaseByzantium. Ngemva abacindezela nokwambuka, uMbusi uJustinian abuyiselwe sokukhulekela, kwandiswa izakhiwo zethempeli.

Kusukela ngo-1517 kuze kube sekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, zonke leZwe Elingcwele, kuhlanganise eBhetlehema, babengamalungu ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Kodwa izihambeli yokungena Shrine awuzange ivaliwe, nelinye ikholwa ongeza yokukhulekela, ngaphandle kwesithiyo. Kodwa umgwaqo ezingaphephile.

Ngo-1995, sibonga izingxoxo ndawo eBhetlehema, kwathi lapho sekubusa Palestina Authority. Ngakho, edolobheni elincane mlando yaba isikhungo isifundazwe esincane.

umphakathi yobuKristu

EBhetlehema - lapho ngokuthula ukuhlangana amaSulumane namaKristu. Kuze kube muva nje (engu-50 edlule) nomuzi wawungowegolide cishe ngokuphelele iSonto Lobu-Orthodox, kodwa manje inani amahlelo umKristu othembekile kwehle.

Indawo eyinhloko emhlabeni Orthodox - Church of the kukaJesu has a nsimu enkulukazi. Ngqo eduze shrine zezindela ezintathu: Orthodox, Armenia futhi Franciscan. Ithempeli okungewakho amahlelo ezintathu yokubamba le nkonzo ngemuva altare main banelungelo labapristi bama-Orthodox kuphela.

Inhliziyo isonto phansi kwe-altare. Phansi kumele kube ezitebhisini lasendulo, ukufinyelela sivale indlela engena emgedeni, phansi, ungabona inkanyezi esiliva, kusho indawo lapho Kristu wazalwa. Lona umgomo oyinhloko pilgrimage lamaKristu emhlabeni wonke. Ukuze ithuba uthinte abantu abathanda inkolo shrine ukwenza uhambo olude.

Emangazayo nethempeli ngokwalo. Yakhelwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule kusukela ngamatshe asikiwe, uyaqhubeka izakhiwo lasendulo futhi ubukeka njenge-inqaba, njalo isilungele ukuzivikela nokuvikela pilgrim yabo nezinceku. imisebenzi kwakamuva sokubuyiselwa sikwazi ukubona kwezinye izindawo, phansi KaMose, wenza ngaphansi koMbusi uJustinian. Izinsalela umhlobiso KaMose kungabonwa ezindongeni, kukhona imidwebo samanje. izithombe Painted Osanta mangaza futhi kuthuthukise imizwa amakholwa, ngokuvakashela ethempelini. Sixteen amakholomu asekelayo usuku egumbini emuva ngekhulu nanhlanu futhi baxoxela inkathi Crusaders. Basuke ehlotshiswe imidwebo, kodwa kunzima ukucabangela.

amathempelana Christian

EBhetlehema, lapho emhumeni uKuzalwa sites ambalwa ngaphezulu waseBhayibhelini. Ziyakwazi kwezinhloso zenzuzo hhayi kuphela izihambeli othembekile, kodwa umuntu indaba ebalulekile. Lapha ungathola noma siphikise nemibono ethile. abesifazane abaningi bavame ukwenza waya Ubisi sivale indlela engena emgedeni. Ngaphakathi kuwo, izindonga zimhlophe. Ngokusho yetinsita in the Grote uMariya noJosefa uKristu osanda kuzalwa obafihlile amasosha kaHerode izinsuku ezingamashumi amane.

Eduze Church of the kukaJesu okukodwa ekhumbulekayo indawo waseBhayibhelini - emhumeni eBhetlehema izingane. Ngokusho yetinsita kwabesifazane wakhe wafihla namadodana abo, kodwa abakwazanga abasindise. Ngu-oda zeNkosi uHerode kwathiwa euthanized mayelana 14.000 (ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukene) izinsana zabafana. Oda ukunquma abantwana UHerode wenza isibikezelo ngenxa esingalotshwa umfana, owayezoba inkosi yakwa yakwaJuda nasezitaladini abhujiswe. Ekujuleni emhumeni kukhona isonto encane eyakhiwa catacombs kohlelo. Kuyinto isakhiwo endala yobuKristu we amathempelana lokusinda kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini lesithupha.

ezinye ezikhangayo

Futhi e endaweni yaseBhetlehema kukhona amachibi Solomon - amadamu omkhulu ukuqoqa amanzi ahlanzekile. Amanzi lwazo kwamila samostokom, futhi uhlelo ephelele ukuze owuthanda namuhla. Dor bona zisasetshenziswa inhloso yazo ukunisela.

Futhi isihambi ukwazi ungavakashela Herodium - idolobha lakhiwa iNkosi uHerode entabeni ezenziwe umuntu. Leli gquma kunqoba edolobheni, ukukhumbula nokushabalala kwazo impucuko enkulu. Kukholakala ukuthi le ntaba ethuneni inkosi, kodwa ekumbeni okwenziwa ngo-2005, udumazeke baleli theory. I sarcophagus watholakala, kodwa akukho la mathambo ngo-ke.

namuhla

amathonya Modern ukuphila edolobheni, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke izenzakalo ezihlobene okungokomoya zenzakalo zenzeka lapha. Namuhla eBhetlehema, lapho izakhamuzi mayelana 25 000 ayizinkulungwane, livulekele wonke comers. Abantu usivakashele njengoba ilukuluku, kanye injongo ezingokomoya. Ingxabano ka-Israyeli futhi Palestine, kancane yefilakisi kulesi sifunda akuvimbeli ukuvakashela izindawo lapho kukhona eBhetlehema.

Umuzi akukaze wahlala eziningi abantu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo wahlala indlela elinganisiwe timphilo tetakhamiti. Yonke ingqalasizinda, amasevisi kanye yabadobi ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza-kuthambekele-pilgrim kanye nezivakashi. Iningi labantu - Palestinians lingamaSulumane. Ziyakwazi ekhaya ukuze mayelana 80-85 amaphesenti sebebonke komuzi. Okunye izakhamizi - amaKristu bezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene.

Endaweni lapho okuhlatshelwa khona eBhetlehema (Palestine ezweni), zama ukuba alonde ngokumelene izingxabano zempi, ngoba inzuzo main livela izivakashi. Bethembela ukugeleza izivakashi kwenza basePalestine entsha, izikebhe echumayo ukuhweba namanye amabhizinisi.

ephephile Seen

Abaningi baphikisa ngokuthi emzini waseBhetlehema kwa-Israyeli - umuzana okuhlala likaJesu Kristu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngokuya ukuzalwa koMsindisi eBhetlehema nokukhohlisa emzini ka-Israyeli. EBhetlehema kungokwalabo yasePalestina Authority neJerusalema amahora amabili kude. Ukuze ngifike kuleyo ndawo idolobha kungaba ngokusebenzisa okuseshwa. Kaningi kufanele ume emgqeni, lokhu kungenxa ukuthutheleka pilgrims imibhalo kokuhlola.

Ayikho amaphepha ekhethekile evumela entry ayidingekile: kuphela uphawu kokujwayelekile isakhamuzi ngabafokazi iphasiphothi. Angabanjwa kuthiwa ngezikhathi ivaliwe izinsuku eziningana ngenxa yalesi simo esishubile ubuhlobo asePalestina-Israeli. Kodwa ngokuvamile, kule ngxenye emdeni yasePalestina Authority kanye Israyeli, kube isimo sibuyela kwesijwayelekile ngaphezulu.

Uma olivakashelayo emzini, aye ubuke noma ukuya ku pilgrimage ukhetho engcono kungaba indlela: emzini waseBhetlehema - Israyeli. Imininingwane edolobheni kuzovumela zonke izivakashi ukuzulazula kuwo, ngakho ukuthenga kusengaphambili ikhadi eBhetlehema.