Latin: umlando kanye namagugu

Emlandweni impucuko womuntu, olimini Latin akaconsi. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa nje ukhona kushintshile ngokuphindaphindiwe, kodwa agcinwayo ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo nokuthi ibaluleke ngani.

ulimi efile

Namuhla Latin - ulimi efile. Ngamanye amazwi, akanalo zenethiwekhi, okwakuyoholela kubhekwe ulimi lwendabuko futhi silusebenzise ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kodwa, ngokungafani nezinye izilimi efile, Latin lithole ukuphila yesibili. Namuhla, ulimi ngesisekelo emthethweni wamazwe omhlaba wesayensi yezokwelapha.

Ngu esikalini ngokubaluleka kwayo esiLatini, eduze lwesiGreki sakuqala, naye washona, kodwa washiya uphawu lakhe terminologies eziningi ezahlukene. Lokhu phetho emangalisayo buboshelwe ekuthuthukiseni zomlando zeYurophu esikhathini esikude ezikhathini zasendulo.

kwemvelo

ulimi sidilizwa Latin yavela e-Italy, ezabhalwa eminyakeni eyinkulungwane ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile. Ngo ivelaphi kungokwalabo umndeni Indo-European. Izikhulumi lokuqala ukuthi lolulimi Latin, ngenxa ngalo lethiwa. Laba bantu babephila loMfula i-Tiber. Lapha, ke uyajoyina imizila yezohwebo eziningi zasendulo. Ngo 753 BC le Latins eyasungulwa eRoma futhi kungakabiphi yaqala impi nolaka ehlasela omakhelwane babo.

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ukhona, lokhu isimo usebhekene izinguquko ezibalulekile. Ekuqaleni kwaba ngumbuso ke i-republic. Ekuqaleni kwawo-AD I ekhulwini, kwaphakama indawo yoMbuso WaseRoma. ulimi lakhona olusemthethweni kwaba Latin.

Ukuze V leminyaka, yimpucuko enkulu e emlandweni wesintu. Yena uzungezwe izindawo zabo wonke eMedithera. Ngaphansi kwegunya layo zazingcono kakhulu abantu. izilimi zabo ziyisiliva kancane kancane afe, futhi esikhundleni Latin. Ngakho-ke, sandile kusukela Spain entshonalanga kuya empumalanga Palestine.

inhlamba Latin

Kwaba ngenkathi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, umlando ulimi lwesiLatini wenza esejika. Lokhu lwesigodi lahlukaniswa izinhlobo. Kube acwebile Latin tetemibhalo, owawungumnyaka izindlela ezisemthethweni zokuxhumana ezikhungweni zomphakathi. Lalisetshenziswa nokulungisa amaphepha, yokukhulekela, nokunye. D.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakheka okuthiwa oluyinhlamba Latin. Lolu limi owasungula njengoba ulimi engasindi esiyinhlanganisela isimo. AmaRoma ayesebenzisa ke njengoba ithuluzi ukuxhumana nabantu bakwamanye amazwe nezizwe zabanqotshiwe.

Yasungulwa ngoba inguqulo kazwelonke ulimi ukuthi nesizukulwane ngamunye wehlukile isampula yayo basendulo. Phila ke ngokwemvelo ukunganakwa eceleni imithetho-syntax ubudala ababe eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu bezibona okusheshayo.

Legacy Latin

Ngakho umlando ulimi lwesiLatini emenza Romanesque iqembu izilimi. Esikhathini AD V leminyaka, uMbuso WaseRoma wawa. It labhujiswa namaqaba, owadala ku Emanxiweni aleli zwe wangaphambili has state ayo kazwelonke. Abanye balaba bantu zehlulekile ukuqeda ithonya kwamasiko zemiphakathi yesikhathi esidlule.

Kancane kancane, ngale ndlela noma isiphi isiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi, iSpanishi futhi isiPutukezi. Bonke bangabangasokile inzalo ezikude Latin lasendulo. ulimi Classical efanayo wafa ngemva kokuwa umbuso futhi ababange besaba usetshenziselwe ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo uhulumeni eConstantinople ngasinda, ogama ababusi babezibheka abazolandela ESonto LamaRoma OKhesari. Kwaba waseByzantium. izakhamuzi zakhona babezibheka aphume umkhuba Romeo. Nokho, ngikhulumile futhi ulimi olusemthethweni lwezwe baba esiGrekini, yingakho, isibonelo, imithombo Russian le baseByzantium ngokuvamile okuthiwa namaGreki.

Ukusebenzisa isayensi

Ekuqaleni nkathi yethu athuthukiswe Latin wezokwelapha. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, amaRoma wayenolwazi oluncane kakhulu emvelweni yomuntu. Kulesi insimu ngokuphawulekayo kunabayeni amaGreki. Nokho, ngemva yombuso wamaRoma ungasinika izinqubomgomo ubudala, ezazidume ngokutshala imitapo yayo futhi ulwazi lwesayensi, e iRoma ngokwayo ngokuphawulekayo, kwakhulisa isithakazelo imfundo.

Thina baqala ukuvela, futhi izikole zezokwelapha. Negalelo elikhulu ukuze izitho zomzimba, anatomy, zokugula kanye nezinye owethulwa udokotela waseRoma Klavdiy uGalen. Washiya amakhulu imisebenzi ebhaliwe ngesiLatini. Ngisho ngemva kokuba amaRoma ebhubhise wezokwelapha emayunivesithi European waqhubeka etadisha ngosizo imibhalo yasendulo lasendulo. Yingakho kumelwe ukuba odokotela esizayo babekhululeka kanjani ngokwazi izinto eziyisisekelo olimini Latin.

A liyobhekana nesiphetho esifana elindelwe kanye nesayensi. Lokho eRoma kwakukhona umthetho wokuqala yesimanje. Kulesi umphakathi wasendulo ebalulekile elalihlala abameli kanye nochwepheshe emthethweni. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, wacosha ibutho elikhulu imithetho nezinye izincwadi ezilotshiwe ngesiLatini.

Bona babehilelekile systematization uMbusi uJustinian - umbusi WaseByzantium VI leminyaka. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi yezwe ukhulume isiGreki, uMbusi wanquma banyathelise futhi imithetho olusha edition Latin. Yavela kanjalo-ke abadumile Ikhodi uJustinian. Le dokhumenti (kanye zonke komthetho wamaRoma) ngokuningiliziwe wafunda abafundi umthetho. Akumangazi ukuthi Latin namanje imvelo professional abameli, abahluleli kanye nodokotela. Futhi lisebenzisa iSonto LamaKatolika ezinkonzweni.