Kuyini utshwala obunamahloni. Ukwakhiwa, izindawo, ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo

Embonini nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ukuphuza utshwala obuvame ukuvame ukusetshenziswa. Leli ketshezi linakho iphunga elimnandi nelinambitha. Kuyaziwa nokushisa izidakamizwa ezivela ekusetshenzisweni kotshwala oludakiwe.

Ukwakhiwa kotshwala obunqunu

Kuyini utshwala obunamahloni? Ehunyushwe kusuka olimini lwesiLatini, igama layo lisho "okungenasakhiwo semvelo." Leli ketshezi i-blue-violet, enephunga elimnandi. Isakhiwo semoya e-methylated yi-ethyl alcohol (isisekelo), i-parafini, i-isopropanol ne-methanol. Futhi ekubunjweni kwayo kungabandakanya uphethiloli owengeziwe, i-pyridine, noma iyiphi idayi nezinye izinto. Ukwakheka kuncike enjongweni yelwelo futhi kungahluka. Izwe ngalinye lisungula umthetho walo ekubunjweni kotshwala oludakiwe, kuye ngokuthi ububanzi besicelo buyini.

Ngokuvamile, i-ethanol isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza umoya we-methylated, ongakafiki ukulungiswa (ukuhlanzwa). Utshwala olunjalo luqukethe amafutha e-fusel ne-methanol, enobuthi obukhulu kakhulu. Zonke ezinye izithasiselo nazo zivinjelwe ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi. Ekugcineni, i-ethyl utshwala iba ingqondo njengesiphuzo esisetshenziswayo: iphunga elimnandi, ukunambitha nombala. Ukusuka kotshwala oludakileko akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa utshwala obuhlanzekile ngokuziphendulela kwamakhemikhali elula kwansuku zonke (ukuqhwaza, iziphuzo zazihluzwa, ukuhlunga).

Izakhiwo zokuphuza utshwala obudakiwe

Ngemva kokuguqulwa kusuka e-alcohol e-alcohol kuze kube yilapho ephuze utshwala ngosizo lokungcola okuhlukahlukene okulimazayo, uketshezi olukhiphayo luba nobuthi futhi luyingozi kubantu. Ngisho nokuvuthwa kwamaphiko alo mkhiqizo uketshezi ngomzimba womuntu nezilwane. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo walokho okushonelwe utshwala, ungaphendula ngokuphephile: kuyingozi.

Izimpawu zobuthi obunobuthi obudakiwe:

• I-nausea;
• Ukuvota;
• Isiyaluyalu somzimba;
• Ukuwohloka kombono.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, zikhona:

• Umthunzi we-Bluish wesikhumba sobuso;
• Ukuphefumula okunemisebenzi;
• Ukushaya okusheshayo okusheshayo;
• Ukuphela kokulahlekelwa umbono.

Ukuze zibukeke zihlukanise utshwala obunamahloni obuvela ophuzweni oluhlanzekile, kunezici zembala. Imiyalelo ekhona ichaza izindlela zokubonisa utshwala ngokulungiselela imikhiqizo ezimboni ezihlukahlukene: upende kanye ne-varnish, iphunga kanye nabanye.

Ikhono lokuqothula ukuqothula ama-varnishes namaphoyinti lisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwepende nemikhiqizo ye-varnish. Izakhiwo eziwusizo zohlobo oluphuthumayo lwezobuchwepheshe zibandakanya ikhono lokunciphisa izindawo ezingcolile, ukuchitha izinhlaka ezihlukahlukene, ama-varnishes, amapende.

Isicelo sokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile embonini

Indawo yokusebenzisa utshwala obudliwayo ikhulu kakhulu. Isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni:

• Imikhiqizo ye-Varnish neyopende;
• Izidakamizwa;
• Amalungiselelo amakhemikhali namayeza;
• Izithasiselo zokwenza uphethiloli (ukwandisa inombolo ye-octane yezinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo).

Kwezinye izimboni utshwala obunjalo busetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-laboratory njengezishisayo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezinye izidingo zobuchwepheshe ezidinga ukwedluliswa kwe-ethyl alcohol akuvunyelwe.

Isibonelo, uma u-denatured esetshenzisiwe njengesibulali se-disinfectant, kuphela i-formalin noma i-thymol yengezwe ku-alcohol ethyl. Ukuze kulungiswe insimu, amalungiselelo ezenzakazo zengeze formalin, izinkuni utshwala. Izithasiselo ezikhethekile zokudambiswa kwamalungiselelo amakhemikhali-amakhemikhali (chloroform, iodoform, ethers, tannin, njll) nazo zakhiwe.

Ukuze ukhiqize imikhiqizo yamafutha njengokwesekwa kwe-ethyl utshwala, i-bitrex isetshenziswa kaningi. Lesi sici asiyingozi empilweni, kodwa sinomdlavuza obabayo kakhulu. Ukwenza ukufutheka kukwenza utshwala kungathandeki ekusetshenzisweni ngaphakathi futhi akuyingozi ngisho noma kungena emzimbeni. Njengengxenye yemikhiqizo eminingi edumile yamafutha namanzi angasese anezidakamizwa ezidakiwe.

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obunamahloni empilo yansuku zonke kanye nemithi yomuntu

Ukuphuza utshwala obungasetshenzisiwe kusetshenziselwa ukulwa nezinambuzane njengesivimbela ngenxa yephunga elibi elibi kakhulu (izimbungulu, amaphuphu). Isetshenziselwa impilo yansuku zonke nangokwemithi yezilwane ukuchithwa kwezinto, izitshalo nezilwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lisetshenziselwa ukuphila kwansuku zonke nge:

• Ukususa izindawo ezihlukahlukene;
• Uhlobo lokushisa;
• Ukushisa kwezakhiwo;
• Ukuvimbela ukuqhwa kwamafasitela;
• Ukuhlanza nokugeza izindawo ezingcolile.

Kuyini utshwala obunamahloni? Kungabuye kubhekiswe emithini. Ngezinye izikhathi imithi yokwelapha isebenzisa utshwala obudonswa ngamanzi. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukufaka amafutha okugcoba nokucindezela ekuphatheni izifo ezihambisana namalungu. Faka isicelo sakho futhi ube ngumlotha wezilonda zokuphulukisa.

Kusukela ngenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi lokhu kuphuza utshwala. Utshwala obungasetshenzisiwe yi-liquid eyenziwe nge-ethanol kanye nokwengezwa kweziqu ezihlukahlukene ezingezona okunomsoco. Kungabangela uketshezi olunamandla uma kulayiswa, kodwa futhi kuphulukisa ezinye izifo. I-Methanol iyinto eguqukayo. Yigcine kwisitsha esivaliwe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nemithetho yomlilo futhi usebenzise ngokuqinile njengoba kuqondiswe.