Kuyini hybridization: inqubo yemvelo noma emishinini?

Ngeshwa, uhlelo lwethu lwezemfundo esikoleni ugcizelela sciences, ngokuvamile ukukhohlwa ngokuphelele mayelana ngesayensi yemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, iningi abafundi abasanda kuphothula umatikuletsheni angazanga eziyisisekelo eziyisisekelo zezinto eziphilayo. Kunengqondo, ungakhathazeki: eqinisweni kungenjalo, sivamile ngakho nazo ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke ... Nokho, akuyona. Ngokwesibonelo, bewazi yini ukuthi lokhu hybridization? Lokhu kuyinqubo engokwemvelo noma umuntu? Ukuze lokho akusiyo yingozi kithi?

Kodwa ngenxa yokungazi yalezi truisms zisabalele futhi luchuma edeskini ahlukahlukene ukuthi ukukhiqiza "isimangaliso izidakamizwa", "ukudla yemvelo" nezinye izincwadi ezivamile, egcizelela (okufaka phakathi kokunye) ngokungabi bikho ukukhiqizwa yayo hybrid eziphilayo. Masizame ukuqonda imininingwane le mibuzo evutha.

Qala nge yokuthi hybridization - kuyinqubo engokwemvelo ngokuphelele zezinto eziphilayo. Hybridization yinqubo ukuthola hybrid: emzimbeni, kokuzalela okuholela noma cross-impova zinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene. Kungokwemvelo kanye yokufakelwa. Yiqiniso, kungcono kakhulu ukubuyeka cishe uzothola impatho eziphilayo iphila okunganikeza inzalo evundile ngenxa inqubo yemvelo.

Kunezizathu eziningana. Ngokuvamile, yemvelo (zemvelo) Hybridization - inqubo ukufuya lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezihlobene noma zenyathi. Ngathola lo impela njalo, ngokuvamile okuholela ukunyamalala kanye nokwenziwa ingenye kwezinhlobo sabazali. Isibonelo ekahle inqubo enjalo ingashiwo zinhlobo ezihlobene ukumuncwa esiqhingini isilwane esuka ezwekazini phakathi kwabo ngenhloso (usebenzisa abantu) noma ukuthintana ngephutha lapho. Endemics ngokushesha "igwinywe" kakhulu ngobudlova futhi umkhaya oqinile.

Nokho, kwezinye izimo, inqubo efanayo kungaholela ekumiseni izinhlobo ezintsha ebezingekho. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi uma hits labantu abathile esiqhingini noma kwezinye ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kule labantu ngezikhathi abameleli yokuthola zohlobo olufanayo ezweni, kukhona kwavela zenyathi entsha noma zezilwane noma izitshalo. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, kodwa uvele sendawo ngakho. Kulokhu, hybridization - indlela ukugijima ka speciation.

Kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu nqubo yokufakelwa. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi abantu abanentshisekelo kakhulu kudalwa zinhlobo ne izici ezithile. hybridization okunjalo uhlobo owaziwa kusukela endulo. Yileyo indlela izinhlobonhlobo eziningi okusanhlamvu, izinhlobo abangu ezifuywa izinkomo namahhashi. Ungase sithi isintu okuningi aphoqelelwe ukuba nzalo, ngoba ezithela kakhulu futhi izimfanelo ezinhle kwezomnotho ukuthi ekugcineni kunqunywa ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo kanye nesayensi.

Okwamanje, bonke hybridization zisabalele lamaseli ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo: inqubo yokweqa ezimbili cell nonsexual zinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze ukwazi ukuthola igundane hybrid ne frog. Isetshenziselwa ngale ndlela, hhayi kuphela ukufunda amathemba cell ubunjiniyela, kodwa nezalo kwemithi emisha.