Kale: grade, incazelo, betshala nokunakekela

Kale - ingenye izitshalo ezinkulu yemifino kutshalwa ezindaweni suburban. Lesi sitshalo kuwusizo kakhulu futhi kudingekile, ngakho ake sixoxe indlela yokutshala ke.

Umlando omncane

Kale kungokwalabo umndeni lwesinaphi, okungokwendlela lwesinaphi, turnips, rutabaga, isithombo, isithombo. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani Asia nase-Asia Ephakathi, saseMedithera lenzelwa 50 zama lokhu umndeni phezu.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi eyaziwa ukudla amahlumela sikhule ngo abaseGibhithe lasendulo, AmaRoma namaGreki. It sekuyinkinga ukudla okuyisisekelo ngisho eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine edlule. Ukuze nathi Kale iNtshonalanga Yurophu wabuyiswa sokuthuthwa kwempahla Kievan Rus (XIII ekhulwini). Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isiko XVIII leminyaka ziqine sangena indlela Russian zokuphila, ngisho ukuqala Umkhuba omusha ndawonye vuna it ebusika emva edilini Orthodox we Ekuphakanyisweni (Septhemba 27).

nzalo yesimanje kanye amamaki umhlabeleli

Uma ucabanga ngakho, kuba sobala ukuthi iklabishi elula luyisisekelo eziningi zokudla. Thina bajwayele ukuze angaluboni kangaki isetshenziswa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi njalo yokuzalanisa ukuthola ezintsha, nzalo athembisayo nezinhlobonhlobo. Nokho, qinani balimi yabo ukuhlobana nezinhlobonhlobo ezimnandi zakudala Sekuyisikhathi eside, kungase kutholakale.

Zonke izinhlobonhlobo iklabishi zihlukaniswe zakuqala-ukukhula, maphakathi no-isizini futhi emva kwesikhathi. Sifuna ukuletha okungcono, ngokusho kongoti, kuze kube manje izinhlobo.

Zakuqala-ukukhula:

1. I-June - ezihlukahlukene ultra-fast. isifo Sredneustoychiva. yokuhlanza okungazelele kungaholela ngokuhlaziya emakhanda.
2. Dlulisa F1 - ukuvuthwa ezinsukwini 120.
3. Copenhagen Market - ukukhula emva kwezinsuku 115.
4. Ditmarskaya ekuseni - ukuvuthwa lobuchwepheshe kuza emva kwezinsuku 115-120.
5. Golden ha-1432. Kusukela kokutshala ukuze sokuvuna sihamba izinsuku 102-110.

Mid-grade

Thola yenala iklabishi yokuvuthwa naphakathi kungaba okhulayo izinhlobo ezifana:

1. Isipho. Isikhathi sokuba ukukhula - izinsuku 130.
2. Menza F1. Ukuvuthwa izinsuku 115.
3. Inkazimulo-1305. Kusukela kokutshala ukuze sokuvuna isifika izinsuku 137.
4. Inkazimulo Gribovskaya-231. Ukuvuthwa izinsuku 125.
5. Caporali F1. It ukuvuthwa kusukela izinsuku ezingu-90 kuya ku-100.

izinhlobo sekwephuzile

izinhlobonhlobo zamuva ezithandwayo isitoreji zesikhathi eside futhi workpiece, ukongiwa:

1. Amager.
2. Gingerbread Man F1.
3. UValentina F1.
4. Biryuchekutskaya-138.

imbewu

Kuyacaca ukuthi ikhwalithi iklabishi incike imbewu. Kufanele baqikelele abakuzuzile. Nokho, kufanele unqume ngaphambi kokuthenga, uma futhi ngayiphi injongo uludinga. Khona-ke ungakwazi ukunquma ukuthi luhlobo luni amasudi kangcono: ngasekupheleni, noma phakathi ekuqaleni. Njengomthetho, uma abantu zikhule wena isiko, kugcizelelwa izinhlobo ebusika. Futhi phakathi ekuqaleni kanye kungenziwa itshalwe izinto eziningi ezincane. Kumele baqonde ukuthi amasiko ekuseni ayifanele izikhala, angithi can amanga eside. Mid-grade kufanelekile kokubili ukusetshenziswa fresh futhi ngosawoti. Nokho, isitoreji ebusika kufanele usebenzise izinhlobo ebusika.

iklabishi Early ezihlwanyelwe ngoNdasa, kodwa kungakapheli ngosuku lwamashumi amabili. izinhlobonhlobo okulingene kungaba kutshalwe emva April 25th. Late-etshalwe isiko kusuka ezinsukwini zokuqala April. Ukusuka ngesikhathi kwenziwa imbewu ezihlwanyelwe kanye phambi zombhede sihamba, ngokuvamile 45-50 izinsuku.

Kale - lena isiko, okuyinto kakhulu afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye ukubunjwa inhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukulungiselela kusengaphambili. Kumele kuxutshwe izingxenye alinganayo Turf umhlaba futhi humus. Ingxube ingezwe ku-umlotha (1 tbsp. Spoon ngayinye 1 kilogram inhlabathi) okuyinto uyokwenza njengokungathi isinqandakuvunda futhi umthombo izakhi mkhondo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuba simelane ukubukeka isifo esinjengo blackleg, ezitshalweni abasha.

Ungase futhi ukulungiselela ingxube kanye Ukwakheka kancane ezahlukene, isibonelo, ngokusekelwe Peat. Ngeke usetshenziselwe ekutshaleni imbewu emhlabeni kusuka engadini, lapho ikhula eziwuhlobo Kale noma ezinye cruciferous kangakanani izingqinamba njengoba okusezingeni eliphezulu kwamagciwane, okuyinto kungalimaza izithombo.

Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele ukufuthelana imizuzu amabili emanzini. Ngemva kwalokho okuvamile kwehlisa zabo emanzini abandayo. Le nqubo elula kuthuthukisa imbewu amasosha omzimba nezifo fungal. Inqubo ngaphambi kokutshala iklabishi? Kungcono cwilisa imbewu ngendlela stimulator ukukhula ( "Usilika", "Appin", "Humate"). Ngaphambi betshala ezweni kumele kahle waphuzisa futhi ayisekho humidify kuze kube okwamanje kuze kube yilapho ubona amahlumela. Imbewu ezihlwanyelwe endaweni engaphansi kweyodwa isentimitha ukujula. Khona-ke namabhokisi aphezulu embozwe ucwecwe ukuvimbela umswakama ahwamukayo kakhulu. Izitshalo ugcinwe lokushisa amabili.

ukuthola izithombo

amahlumela Okokuqala kufanele kuvele izinsuku 4-5. Ngemva kwalokho ifilimu kungaba zisuswe futhi sinciphise izinga lokushisa kwe-okuqukethwe ukuba izinyathelo eziyishumi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izitshalo kufanele kube, kuze kuqala kweqiniso amaqabunga iklabishi. Khona-ke agcinwa izithombo at lokushisa 18, kufanele kube njalo senza. Ngalesi sikhathi awukwazi uthele noma inhlabathi overdry. I amahlumela inqubo ngemva kokuhluma? Izitshalo kumele uthele kube ngokucophelela isixazululo ezibuthakathaka manganese noma ithusi sulphate.

Njengoba izithombo dive?

Ngemva kwesonto nesigamu ngemva ukuvela yemifino leaf iklabishi dive, ngoba izitshalo kudingeka isikhala esengeziwe ukuthuthukiswa evamile. Ngaphambi zitshala inhlabathi lalinamanzi amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yisithombo ngamunye ithathwa nge yinhlama kwenhlabathi sithenwe ngumuntu impande lwesithathu. Okuthe ngikulokho ukugqashuka endaweni beaker nge ingxube. Ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela imbewu ekuqaleni ebhodweni ngabanye ke akudingeki ngena izithombo. Izitshalo ezivela iziqukathi ngabanye kulula ke zidluliselwa ku ekhanyayo, mancane ahlukumezekile.

Ngaphambi kokuba atshale iklabishi ku ekhanyayo kuyadingeka emasontweni amabili ulaka lwakhe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, pholisa igumbi, bese uqala ukwenza izitshalo on emphemeni.

Iklabishi: betshala efaka umquba

Izithombo abatshalwé ekhanyayo ngesikhathi lapho kakade has amapheshana ezinhlanu noma eziyisikhombisa, futhi ukuphakama ifinyelela 12-20 amasentimitha. izinkomba ezinjalo izinhlobo ezehlukene ukufinyelela ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqaleni kwawo-ngomumo ekuqaleni kuka May, lapho phakathi futhi ngasekupheleni - ekupheleni kwenyanga okufanayo noma maphakathi nenyanga kaJuni.

Ngaphambi iklabishi etshalwe ekhanyayo, ukulungiselela isayithi kuhle ke. Kufanele libe libalele. izinhlobonhlobo Early uthanda inhlabathi anesihlabathi loam, futhi ngasekupheleni futhi phakathi efanelekayo ubumba inhlabathi kanye loam. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izitshalo sebekubeke hhayi phansi esidi efanelekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala isiko alikwazi akhiqizwa on ezweni bacteriosis enobuthi (iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili). Futhi iklabishi efiselekayo etshalwe kulezo zindawo lapho wakhulela ezikhathini zamuva nezinye cruciferous (itheniphu, isithombo, itheniphu, isithombo).

Umhlabathi ngokwawo ayilungiselele kusengaphambili, kusukela ekwindla. Umhlaba ukumba on ngehalavu insabule, washiya ukuze bahlale khona ubusika. Indawo yayo akudingekile ukuze uqondanise, semfene nethonya elihle inqubo nokugcinwa umswakama. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lapho iqhwa liyancibilika, inhlabathi kuqondiswa nge hala, isuswe ukhula kuqala.

izinhlobonhlobo Early zitshalwa at ibanga ngamasentimitha 50 kuya ku-60, futhi ngasekupheleni futhi phakathi - at ibanga 60 kuya 70. isitshalo Too obukhulu akufanele ibekwe, ngoba badinga eningi ukukhanya isikhala.

Imithombo kudingeka wenze okungaphezu izimpande izithombo. imbobo ngayinye kufanele ufakwe kukho nedlanzana Peat, isihlabathi, humus, amahlanu amagremu umlotha futhi ½ ithisipuni nitrophosphate. Konke lokhu ngobuningi bazithela. Okulandelayo, izitshalo abatshalwé ngendlela yokuthi amahlamvu engezansi babekhona ezingeni elifanayo emhlabathini.

Kale: Ukunakekela

Ngemva okutshalwe iklabishi kumele kube okokuqala ukuwabuka, kuzothatha impande. Ungase udinge pritenit okwesikhashana kancane. Phakathi nesonto, kungcono nisela izitshalo njalo kusihlwa. Esikhathini ukunakekelwa ikusasa izithombo akunjalo nzima. Uyobizwa Ukukhipha, ziba ngcono umhlabathi, kokuphuza, impatho ezifweni kanye izinambuzane, ukuvundiswa njalo.

Ngemva kwamasonto amathathu emva kokutshala evulekile izitshalo emhlabathini badinga egqumeni. Ezinsukwini eziyishumi kamuva, le nqubo yase okuphindaphindiwe.

ukuchelela

Ukuze zikhule isivuno esihle iklabishi, kufanele aqiniseke ukuba bagcine imodi wokunisela. Yena udinga amanzi amaningi. Kungcono nisela izitshalo kusihlwa. At lokushisa ongaphakeme ngokwanele ukukwenza kanye ngesonto, kodwa hot sezulu hydration kumele kwenziwe njalo kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu.

Okungcono kakhulu, ngemva kokuphuza ngamunye kumelwe athambise umhlabathi. Professionals ngokuvamile batusa imali mulching nge Peat (amasentimitha abafinyelela kwabahlanu obukhulu), esiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini bese ngesikhathi esifanayo feeds izitshalo.

Kanjani ukuqhuba yokudla?

I sigqoka yokuqala Kwenziwa izinsuku eziyishumi emva izitshalo yehle. Ukuze le ngxube usuhlakazekile emanzini, 2 amagremu zikamanyolo umanyolo, superphosphate kanye 4 amagremu amabili amagremu ammonium nitrate. lezo zimali izidakamizwa ziyoncibilika kanye nelitha elilodwa lamanzi. Lo luketshezi elanele ukondla izitshalo 50-60.

I umquba ezilandelayo zifakiwe emavikini amabili. Lokhu kusebenzisa ekwakhiweni efanayo. Uma uqaphela yellowing izitshalo abasha, badinga uyophuziswa necebo umquba liquid (1:10). Enye sigqoka wenziwa ngaphambi kokutshala iklabishi emhlabathini. Ukuze ukusetshenziswa ammonium yayo nitrate (3 g), superphosphate (5 amagremu) ne-potassium Umanyolo (8 amagremu). I izingxenye ziyoncibilika ilitha lamanzi. Potash usizo sizakhele iklabishi ku ekhanyayo. Hhayi ukuze silungise ne ukulungiswa ikhambi, ungathenga Umanyolo ngokuthi "Kemira Suite".

efaka umquba izitshalo esigabeni yisithombo, izonikeza ukukhula ngokushesha kakhudlwana esikhathini esizayo.

Ukucubungula isiko

Ngemva zombhede iklabishi wafafaza umlotha exutshwe uthuli ugwayi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela izitshalo ezincane kusukela mabhungane zigcwele futhi slugs. Zinambuzane kahle ukusebenzisa njengoba iklabishi namanje ukudla okuyisisekelo. Kunezindlela ezilula zokuzivikela kusukela izinambuzane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa "kwamakhemikhali."

Izibungu kanye aphid baqothulwa sishaye kulandela nekufakwa: utamatisi eziqongweni (2 kg) lagcwala amanzi (5 amalitha) futhi wafaka amahora amane. Khona-ke, uketshezi nomphumela ubiliselwe amahora nantathu, ngemva kwalokho-ke kumelwe kudambe. Ngaphambi ukusetshenziswa, kwathiwa buhlanjululwe ngamanzi (ratio - 1: 2). Ukuze ikhambi elingcono sathathwa ngesikhathi isitshalo, hhayi nje ligeleza, kungaba wengeze ogayiwe itiyela insipho.

In ekulweni amacimbi kanye aphid ingasetshenziswa onion ikhasi, okuyindawo nginilungisela tincture. Ngenxa yalesi Ilitha ikhasi uthele 2 amalitha amanzi abilayo futhi bagcizelele kwezinsuku ezimbili. Ikhambi Ngaleso elicwengekileyo, ukungezwa ezimbili amalitha amanzi nensipho ketshezi.

Professionals ukuncoma njengendlela elithile umzabalazo wokulwa izinambuzane ibekwe eduze iklabishi zokutshala sage, marigold, coriander, rosemary, basil. Lezi zitshalo dudula namazeze, amabhu, aphid.