Izitshalo ezisengozini. Izitshalo ezingavamile futhi ezisengozini

Ukuphela nyá kwezinto eziphilayo eziningi zezilwane nezimila ngokuvamile kuxhomeke ekutheni umuntu futhi elimazayo bakhe, kuvela ukuthi umsebenzi. Izinkulungwane zamakhophi izitshalo ezingavamile akasoze akubona esintwini. INcwadi Red uhlu izitshalo nezilwane, noma yokuqothulwa noma on the esengozini ke. Kodwa ngisho ne-akhawunti ekhona, ukwazi ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi zingaki amakhophi izitshalo ezithile ezisele emhlabeni jikelele, akunakwenzeka.

izinto eziphilayo

izinto eziphilayo ukuthola lesi isimo futhi indzawo yayo "uhlu black" ngemva inyamalala kulokhu kokugcina, bodokotela ngokusemthethweni. Baningi eziphilayo yaziwa nguwe kuphela "izinsalela" yabo - imprints emadwaleni, ubufakazi asemthethweni.

Omunye izitshalo yokuqothulwa eminingi yasendulo - ke arhefruktus. Isidumbu sayo atholakele ngo-1998 e-Lower Cretaceous e China.

A uhlobo lwe of yokuqothulwa lezi zitshalo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi le ngane noma oyisihlobo esiseduze ezibhekwa amanzi kweminduze. Arhefruktus futhi kwanda amachibi, kodwa kwaze kwaba ngu-ekupheleni kwakhiwa (isb, akukho iphimbo). Ososayensi bakholwa ukuthi ukhokho waso sonke nezitshalo eziqhakazayo emlandweni wanamuhla lasendulo.

ngokuvamile izinto eziphilayo ubheke kwezinkathi ekuseni bemvelo. Kuhle kokusho archaeopteris - Fern lasendulo, okuyinto lukhula ngisho ku Paleozoic inkathi. Kuthathwa kwesihlahla endala. Kuyathakazelisa e isakhiwo sabo isihlahla-like isitshalo lepidodendrons ezazikhona kwesikhathi Carboniferous. Amahlamvu aso sikhule khona esiqwini ngokuqondile ngaphandle petiole, ngakho ngemva leaf isiqu wahlala cicatrectomy, okwenza amagxolo efana ingwenya isikhumba.

Ngeshwa, izitshalo yokuqothulwa lasendulo awuwedwa isiphetho sabo. Ngisho kwekhulu lama-20 kwaba nokwenzeka ukunyamalala ebusweni flora eMhlabeni. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, iye irretrievably elahlekile viola cryana ukuthi ayekhula limestone nenhlabathi eningizimu-mpumalanga yeFrance. Ukuze sekufeni kwakhe kuholele ngabe ukuhlukaniswa ezingalindelekile limestone.

Ngu alikakangilahlekeli 799 izinhlobo datha ngonyaka 2011 (kuhlanganise nezilwane) e ubunjalo zasendle uye lashabalala 61 zinhlobo futhi inani elikhulu ivuliwe onqenqemeni yokuqothulwa. Minyaka yonke, lezi zibalo, ngeshwa, sikhule kuphela.

Ezingasekho endle

EW - lokhu isimo izitshalo elisekhona kuphela ekuthunjweni. Ayevame khulani izingadi zezimila kanye nemvelo reserves, lapho labantu babo ngeso elibukhali.

Ngokwesibonelo, encephalartos Izinkuni, likhule emithambekeni amahlathi South Africa, ususiwe endle bese ibekwa izingadi zezimila ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Ngenxa kwezimo ezingezinhle, lesi sitshalo kungenzeka zinyamalale phakade. Futhi konke ngoba uhlobo izitshalo besilisa, okungukuthi, lokho akusho ukuzalela ngendlela evamile, kodwa abonise sokuhlukanisa nesisodwa.

izitshalo ezisengozini ngezinye izikhathi babhekwa wanyamalala ngokuphelele ezweni, kodwa isimangaliso kwenzeka futhi othile uthola kulokhu kokugcina. Lokhu kwenzeka lokho kwabase-Gibraltar Campion, okuyinto iminyaka eminingi sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi elahlekile emvelweni. Kodwa ngo-1994, omunye umgibeli bakhubekile lapho le mbali ezintabeni. Kuze kube manje, lesi sitshalo uhlala e Gibraltar Botanical Garden kanye iRoyal Garden London.

Ngenxa ukushabalala ezithutha impova yabo kuphela - izinyoni sunbirds - wanyamalala imbali enhle, ebizwa ngokuthi "uqhwaku upholi sika". inflorescence yayo ngempela okusikhumbuza uqhwaku senyoni, nakuba zinezikhwepha obomvu-orange umbala. Ikhaya imbali kukhona eCanary Islands.

Enye imbali zikhula ezithakazelisayo manje ekuthunjweni - indawo yonke ushokoledi. Leli gama angavamile kwakungewona imbali Mexican nge ngephunga of vanilla.

Isizathu sokuba ukunyamalala izitshalo eziningi kuyinto umsebenzi womuntu, kodwa futhi zemvelo ekwenzeni umnikelo wabo edabukisayo. Ngakho, ngemva umlilo ngo-1978 e-Hawaii endle wanyamalala Kokio imbali okhule kuphela iziqu of uhlobo oluthile esihlahleni.

Kuhlatiya ezisengcupheni

CR - kulesi sigaba kubalulekile zonke izinhlobo ezisengcupheni. Mhlawumbe labo izitshalo kulesi sigaba, sekuyisikhathi eside efile, kodwa ososayensi awunaso isikhathi ukuba afeze ucwaningo olwanele ukuze aqiniseke. Ngo-2011, ngaphansi uphawu CR kwaba zinhlobo 1619 isitshalo.

Russia izitshalo ezisengozini zifakwe kulesi sigaba. Izitshalo ezifana ginseng, Adonis entwasahlobo, ophuzi amanzi lily, kukhona on the esengozini yokuqothulwa ezweni lethu ngenxa ngezici zawo zokwelapha. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi isitshalo weNcwadi Red, likhiphe kubo, kanjalo abachitha sonke isibalo sabantu.

Omunye izitshalo eziyivelakancane emhlabeni - entabeni imbali Edelweiss. Kungatholakala kubhalwe-Alps, ama-Altai ne eCaucasus, kodwa udinga ukugibela bafinyelele endaweni engamamitha amamitha latinkhulungwane letinyentana. Imbali, sizungezwe ezinganekwaneni, kokuba inflorescence ngesimo izinkanyezi, othanda ukuba yedwa, nakuba iyona ongumvikeli abathandi.

Izitshalo eNcwadini Red asivunyelwe basuse. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Switzerland I-cala ngabe kufanele ukhokhe umxhwele esihle.

iyisilwane esisengozini

EN - isimo, okuyinto ezingaba engozini ye anyamalale ngenxa yobukhulu bawo amancane noma kwezimo ezingezinhle zezwe futhi endaweni yazo.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba izwe indoda yayo yokuqala, nokuqothulwa kwezinto eziphilayo zezitshalo nezilwane waqala ukuthola ngesivinini. Lokhu kuzolinyelwa nokuzingela.

Yini izitshalo ziyafa ikuphi, kunzima ukunquma. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izinhlobo izindawo zimane ezingaziwa, ukusungula inombolo yabo ngqo akunakwenzeka.

Ngo-Red Encwadi zinhlobo Russia 652 isitshalo ezibhekwa ezisengcupheni. Phakathi kwabo polushnik, ploskolistny Snowdrop, Fori rhododendron, Lotus Exige engcwele, entabeni peony, nabanye abaningi.

izitshalo ezisengozini eRussia avikelekile Nokho, zokuphatha. Kodwa endabeni kuchazwa ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwanoma iyiphi zezimila kusukela Red Incwadi okwalandela umthwalo lobugebengu.

sengozini

VU - isimo ukulondolozwa nezitshalo ukuthi basengozini zazizongonakalisa ezisengozini. Kodwa zikhona izitshalo ukuthi zivumelane ngokuphelele ukukhiqiza kabusha endaweni ezazivalelwe kuyo, eqinisweni, akuzona wasongelwa. Nokho, ososayensi esithambekele ukushiya le isimo ngabo, ngoba cishe ukunciphisa labantu endle. Ngokwesibonelo, lesi sitshalo ezidla Venus flytrap okuyinto feeds ku izinambuzane futhi molluscs ngezinye izikhathi ine VU isimo.

Lesi sigaba zezitshalo has izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka anamahlanu amawaka, kuhlanganise wona. Ngokwesibonelo, knapweed isiRashiya, gorse umSkithe, ziyadliwa bearish, Tulip Gesner, yew , njll

zinhlobo Conservation ancike

Kusukela ngo-1994, i- World Conservation Union akanayo izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo nezilwane kulesi sigaba. CD kuyinto esingezansi, okuyinto ihlukaniswe amagatsha amathathu;

• sincike ukulondolozwa;
• eduze isimo zilimala kalula ngokomzwelo;
• usongo encane.

I-International Red Incwadi eqoshiwe 252 zinhlobo fanele kuze lo isisekelo sesigaba. Ngokwesibonelo, kunonya rotundifolia, izinhlobo eziningana elaeocarpus Mexican viburnum njll

Izitshalo ezisengozini kulesi sigaba Cishe ze buya, njengoba ukubuyisela labantu izitshalo ezisengozini cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Vala isimo abasengozini

NT-isimo kunikezwa izilwane nezimila angangena iqembu ngishiyeka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kodwa okwamanje ngokweyame kunoma yimiphi izinsongo. Lezi zindlela esiyinhloko kulo mkhakha kukhona wokwehla yenani labantu nokusatshalaliswa emhlabeni.

Ngo-2011, lesi isimo kwadingeka izitshalo ngaphezu 1,200.

zinhlobo okungenani-ukukhathazeka

isimo LC inikezwe zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo abangabhalisile wabelwe nanoma yisiphi esinye isigaba. izitshalo ezisengozini awakaze kulesi sigaba.