Izinhlobo komphakathi. Ukuzijwayeza yomuntu emphakathini

Siphila emphakathini ongenalo uzwela futhi ashukumisayo nemithetho yawo siqu, iziqondiso kanye nezidingo. Coming ezweni, umuntu uqala ukukhuluma. ukusabela Okokuqala kusukela izingane ngakolunye abantu lapho eneminyaka engu-izinyanga 1.5-2. Futhi imvuthu e utero uphendule amazwi izihlobo: ubaba, umama kwaphoqa ekuphenduleni ngokuthinta esiswini sikamama. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu - isidalwa kwezenhlalo, okungakwazi khona ngokugcwele ngaphandle abantu nxazonke zabo, ukuthuthukiswa yokuxhumana emphakathini. Kodwa inqubo okuzivumelanisa imithetho emisiwe nendlela imithetho akwenzeki ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa noma zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili noma eyodwa. It ithatha ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zethu futhi wonke kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Lena ushintsho eziyinkimbinkimbi lomuntu, esichaza lithathelwe yayo emphakathini, ukuthuthukiswa izakhiwo yangaphakathi, ekuxhumaneni kwangaphandle, nokunye. D. Kusenzima lafundvwako ngodokotela, ngoba umphakathi sihlala sishintsha, kanye izimfuneko isakhiwo ubuntu. Ngakho-ke, edlulisa izigaba futhi izinhlobo komphakathi, umuntu ngezinye izikhathi udinga usizo noma ukwesekwa. Ngakho, iziphi izinhlobo ingozi yokulutheka muntu emphakathini kanye onjani inqubo?

komphakathi yomuntu

Akumangalisi lokhu mkhuba kwengqondo yezenhlalakahle ngokuthi inqubo, ngoba ingekho imizuzu 5. Kungaba kuhlale kungokwakho konke ukuphila komuntu, konke kuncike imvelo, lapho umuntu Ufika esetshenziswa futhi isakhiwo ubuntu.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi nokuxhumana indoda kanye nomphakathi yinqubo komphakathi. Lapho umuntu engena ethize isakhiwo, ke okungukuthi bephoqeleka ukujwayela, futhi bathobele yayo imithetho. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana umphakathi kuyamthinta. Kodwa zilingana nezinhlobo izinguquko sangaphakathi umuntu kwenzeka ukushintsha umphakathi, ngoba, njengoba ubuntu asebenzayo, ezithinta imvelo yabo. komphakathi imiphumela kungabonakala yokuthi ushintsho mutual livela amaqembu esiyingqayizivele encane noma enkulu emphakathini, esinjengomuntu amaphethini entsha yokuziphatha, izinkambiso kanye namagugu.

Inqubo komphakathi yomuntu ihlala kukho konke ukuphila, ngoba uzulu njalo endaweni ashukumisayo, othola izinguquko ezithile, abantu emphakathini uphoqelekile ukuba ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okutjha okubuya. It is ngokuqhubekayo olusha, ukwamukelwa kanye ukuhlonza ne into entsha, inquma lithathelwe ngakunye izimo ezungezile.

Ifomu imithetho kombuso emphakathini

Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo lithathelwe womuntu ukuze umphakathi nokuthatha phezu imithetho eyisisekelo neziqondiso.

1. komphakathi Non-ohlangothini - kukhiqizwe ngqo of izici zobuntu futhi ngezici ezithile ngenxa yokuthi umuntu njalo endaweni ethile. Izibonelo komphakathi non-ohlangothini: isikhathi ngasinye ngemva ukwamukelwa ukudla yengane umndeni bafundiswa ukuthi "ngiyabonga." Uye wenza okuyimfanelo uhlamvu, njengoba nokubonga. Ngemva kwalokho ngeke bengazi sibonge ukwaba ukudla emcimbini, cafe noma lapho okuthile ngayo. Umuntu okhetha amakhono ezenhlalo hhayi kuphela umndeni kodwa futhi kwesiyingi ontanga, esisebenza sizungezwe abalandeli enkundleni njalonjalo.
2. komphakathi okuhloswe - uhlelo Yakhiwe ngokukhethekile noma isimiso izindlela futhi izinyathelo enzelwe ukuthi kuthinte umuntu umgomo oyinhloko - untshintshe ukusebenza kwayo yi-umphakathi evelele, izithakazelo nemibono. Lapha, le nqubo eyisisekelo - imfundo. Ukuzijwayeza wengane lo mphakathi izoba nzima ngaphandle imfundo. Bahlele inqubo ezinomthelela ukuziphatha asemasha futhi ukwazi. Kuyadingeka ukuba abe ubuntu ekuthuthukiseni kwakheka izimo zengqondo, izindinganiso, isikhundla esebenzayo imisebenzi emphakathini.

Lezi izinhlobo ezimbili kungaba umphelelisi nomunye, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi okushayisanayo. Phela, ifomu-non-ohlangothini of komphakathi kuhilela umphumela amaqembu athile emphakathini, kabasi omuhle kuphela. Kulokhu, ngenkuthalo kuzomele sifake ukuqondisa ithonya ekwakhekeni zokuziphatha kubantu, ke liyakwazi abazali, isikole.

Izigaba okuzivumelanisa umphakathi

Indoda emphakathini uvuma, wedlula izigaba eziningana. Anebudlelwano. Ukuba nala makhono okukhulunywa ukuthi ingane usezuze esinyathelweni odlule, bese ngcono futhi awumgogodla ukuvela ezinye izici komphakathi.

1. Isewusana - Lesi sigaba ihlanganisa ngowokuqala 2 iminyaka ingane. Lapha obalulekile factor okungukuthi yayo ukuxhumana okukhulu abadala, okuyinto zipendwe omuhle imizwa. Ingane ifunda ukuphendula isikhalazo kuwo, ukuhlukanisa phakathi imizwelo engakhi futhi omuhle. Lokhu kungabonakala endleleni imisele amashiya akhe lapho ngokucophelela usibize.
2. ingane ngesikhathi isencane (2 kuya 5 iminyaka). Ingane ngenkuthalo ifunda, kanye umfundi ukuba basebenzisane lezinto, nokukhohlisa kwabo. Komphakathi kwenzeka uma uxhumana kahle nabazali.
3. Preschool (iminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweyisikhombisa). Ehola umsebenzi ngale nkathi umsebenzi play. Kodwa ngalesi sigaba inqubo komphakathi of ubuntu bengane yimihlangano umdlalo eziyinkimbinkimbi - indima. Ilungu encane umphakathi ifunda ukwabelana futhi udlale izindima ezihlukene. Ukudlala umama, ingane igcina ifundile sokuziphatha njengomncane yena iphindwa ezinye imishwana wakhe, lifundisa ingane "lakhe." Ngale ndlela iqala ukuba amukele izinkambiso ayisisekelo nezindinganiso ngaphezu kwawo wonke umkhaya.
4. abasesikoleni Early wakhe uhlanganisa inkathi esukela eminyakeni 7 kuya ku-11. Ngokushesha kushintsha isimo kwezenhlalo ingane. Phakathi nale nkathi lapho reinvents ayezazi kusuka ekuphileni, nolwazi analo kuqinisa lwati lolutfolakele. Izici komphakathi kulonyaka futhi aqukethe e yokuthi ingane ishintshile abaphathi. The main abadala ebalulekile enqubeni yokufunda ukuphila nesimo esithile kule mibandela entsha uthisha. Nge umntwana ukuxhumana bese uxhumana njalo alinganayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho kunabazali bazo.
5. Ubusha (iminyaka 12-14). Ngolwazi olusha, eyikholelwayo ezisekelwe ekucabangeni lomqondo, kanye nokuxhumana esebenzayo kanye nontanga, ibhungu uyaqhubeka ukujwayela namazinga nezimfuneko emphakathini. Ngalesi ubudala, kungaba noma wayiziba noma ukuhambisana ngokugcwele nabo.
6. Youth yobudala engu-14 kuya ku-18. Kulesi sigaba kukhona ezinye izenzakalo ezibalulekile empilweni yonke osemusha. It ukuthomba, lapho abantu abasha enamathiselwe yebudzala; kwaqedwa izifundo, kanye umuntu eba ukuzimela. Isikhathi wafakaza kumiswa umhlaba, izinguquko ukuzethemba kanye, ngenxa yalokho, ukuzinyeza. Mature ukhumbula izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuphila, ukuzethemba, ukubaluleka orientation.
7. usakhula Late (iminyaka 18-25). Umuntu ngenkuthalo emisebenzini zabasebenzi. Ezinye ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo zihlakulele ubuthishela. Abantu abasha kancane kancane bafunde kanye nokwamukela izindinganiso zomphakathi wangaleso umphakathi ufunde ukuze uxhumane nabanye, yabelana imisebenzi umsebenzi bayifeze. Personality eba emphakathini futhi ngendlea efanele.
8. Ukukhula (iminyaka 25-65). Man ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi futhi wahlanganyela kule yokuzithiba imfundo.
9. imisebenzi Posletrudovaya (65 nangaphezulu). Umuntu iphumula uyifingqa imiphumela yokuphila. Uyaqaphela ngokwayo bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene (wekhaya, ugogo, umkhulu, umuntu azethembe umsebenzi, nokweluleka ezindabeni professional).

Yiziphi izici nomthelela ubuntu umlutha emphakathini?

Zonke izinhlobo komphakathi asikwazi ukwenziwa ngaphandle nezici ezithile. Sinenkosi nomthelela obalulekile lithathelwe womuntu ukuze imithetho nomphakathi. Ngenxa lezi zici, umuntu babone futhi zamukele izinhlobo izimiso zomphakathi, kokuba kakade umqondo wokuthi zokuziphatha, zomthetho, tebuciko, zezombusazwe kanye nemithetho zenkolo.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezithinta komphakathi:

• yezinto eziphilayo - ukwehluka ichaza iqoqo izici ubuntu;
• imvelo ngokomzimba - ingaphinda kwakhiwa umuntu ngaphansi kwethonya sezulu nezinye izinkomba zemvelo, le mithetho ethnopsychology izifundo;
• isiko - kuyo yonke imiphakathi inesiko layo, okuyinto kuthinte kwezinkambiso kombuso emphakathini ngempela;
• iqembu isipiliyoni - uyakhumbula theory Jung sika engakunakile collective, lapho futhi athi iqembu kuthinte lowo muntu; ukuxhumana nabantu abahlukene, ngibona indlela esisabela ngayo, umuntu ezwa ukuthi kuyintando uxhumana endaweni ethize;
• siqu (ngabanye) isipiliyoni - isici esiyingqayizivele, ngoba umuntu ngamunye e bebodwa livele imithetho imfundo, izindinganiso zomphakathi ikakhulukazi, isenzakalo esingajabulisi futhi omuhle futhi luhlanganisa ke.

izinhlobo komphakathi

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezengeziwe futhi komphakathi kuthiwa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Primary - bezibona umphakathi njengoba ingane. Ingane ifunda umphakathi ngokusebenzisa isimo yamasiko umndeni umbono we abadala abalulekile emhlabeni - abazali. Ekugxiliseni core amagugu ngokusebenzisa imithetho imfundo, abazali yakha isipiliyoni lokuqala ingane. Uthi kokudabula lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho njengoba yayo futhi ifunda ukuqonda ezinye ngokusebenzisa ungubani indlela. Through zokuxhumana nabantu abadala okuphawulekayo ingane kwakheka izakhi yekuhlola okwenzekayo.
2. Secondary - simi kuze kube phakade, futhi ihlala nje umuntu engena embuthanweni zochwepheshe izithakazelo kanye namanye amaqembu ezincane nezinkulu nomphakathi. Lapha ingane ifunda izindima ezihlukene, funda bazibone ngesisekelo indima anakho ukwenza. Kulula tinika tibonelo komphakathi yesibili: ekhaya ingane ukhonza njengelungu indodana, umfundi esikoleni, kwezemidlalo amakilabhu - umsubathi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi emhlabeni okuzivumelanisa yesibili umphakathi kuphambene esiyinhloko (ukuthi agome ebuntwaneni), isibonelo, izindinganiso zemikhaya ayifani naleyo yeqembu abalandeli umculo rock. Kulokhu, umuntu has ukuya ngenqubo self-ungubani (okuyinto afanele) futhi ibenze yisiphi isiqondiso isithakazelo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbono kokuqala umphakathi akuvamile ukulungiswa njengoba esibekiwe ebuntwaneni, bese kabusha kanzima, susa enganakile. Izinhlobo komphakathi ayigcini zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Kukhona umcabango we kabusha komphakathi kanye de-komphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lithathelwe umphakathi ingenziwa ngempumelelo futhi kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya.

Umqondo kabusha komphakathi

Le nqubo kungokwalabo zinhlobo kokuzuza ulwazi mayelana nemithetho yomphakathi. He is ushintsho abukhali izimo ezinhle zomphakathi ukuthi isiqalo esisha okuthinta umuntu, imibono yakhe kanye nezithakazelo. Kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngesikhathi esibhedlela isikhathi eside noma lapho beshintsha domicile. Indoda ngaphansi kwethonya kwezimo ezintsha waphinda iqala ukuzivumelanisa nesimo nomphakathi.

Futhi, lo mqondo isetshenziswa ukushintsha bezibona wobuntu umphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho abalingani bheka it njengoba onguchwepheshe nabasebenzi njalo isibaluli ngale ndlela ngaye. Futhi sekuvele lidlule ukuqeqeshwa kwezinga eliphezulu noma ukuphinda uqeqesho, kanye nomsebenzi isiye yaba ngcono kakhulu. Kulokhu, inqubo ebalulekile kabusha komphakathi, okungukuthi, ushintsho indawo noma yokusebenza izimo, ukuze lo muntu ongaveza kangcono ngokwabo.

Uyini de-komphakathi?

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, esimelela okuphambene komphakathi. Kulokhu, ukuthi singobani ngenxa yezizathu eziningana ilahlekelwa amagugu sayo sezenhlalo izinkambiso, behlukanisiwe iqembu kuhlanganisa, eba nokuswela. Lapho uyeke komphakathi lomuntu nzima ukuqaphela ngokwabo emphakathini, futhi uma kungasizi ke isimo ngeke ukuwohloka.

Ngakho-ke efanele kuyinto umbuzo babone ukuphumelela noma ukwehluleka okuzivumelanisa umphakathi. Impumelelo yale nqubo kunqunywa ngokuvumelana phakathi olulindelekile futhi isimo langempela izindaba ekhaya, esikoleni, emphakathini uwonke. komphakathi Akuphumelelanga kwenzeka lapho izinkambiso kanye netindlela tekuphila letisetjentiswa fundile yakhe abantu isikhathi musa kuhambisane kwezinkambiso amagugu zomhlaba.

Umndeni njengoba sikhungo lokuqala kombuso nemithetho yomphakathi

Komphakathi oqotsheni umndeni kusukela ekuzalweni, ngesikhathi sokubelethwa komntwana mbeni abathandekayo, aphendule isikhalo yena, smiling futhi agukaet. On umthwalo umndeni ukwethula umuntu omusha ukuba umphakathi. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi okhethekile lokhu cell elincane umphakathi - sikhule ilungu ehloniphekile emphakathini. Wayekanye abathandekayo ehlaselwe kumiswa, zokuziphatha, ingxenye ngokomoya. On kanjani umama nobaba basonta izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, incike sengqondo sengane kibo.

Kungenxa umndeni wengane uthola isipiliyoni kuqala ukwakha ubudlelwane obufanele. Akubonayo nakuzwayo kanjani abazali baxhumane bodwa, yini zabo amagugu kanye nezithakazelo. Namanje eseyingane, iqala ukulingisa ukuziphatha umama noma ubaba, ukwamukela imikhuba yabo yokukhuluma. Izingane ukuqonda ulwazi ngamazwi ngo-40%, uma bezwa futhi bheka, kanjani abazali, amathuba ukuziphatha okunjalo 60%. Kodwa uma ingane eyizwa, nendlela yokuthatha isinyathelo, ubona ukuthi thina njengabazali liziphathe, futhi enza kanjalo nabo, ematfuba kumiswa amakhono anjalo kanye ezilandelwa nayo ukuphila kuyinto 80%! Ngakho-ke, ukuziphatha kwengane entsheni bese uqhubeke ngokwezinga elikhulu incike umndeni. Kuphela ikambiso yokwakhiwa ebuhlotsheni emkhayeni kungaba uvuthwe ubuntu athuthukile ngokugcwele.

School njengoba lithathelwe sengane izidingo zomphakathi

Esikhathini neminyaka eyisithupha yokuqala ingane ithola amakhono ukuphila obalulekile. Akufundayo ekuchumaneni nalabanye, yakha ubudlelwano futhi kuthatha phezu eziyisisekelo amagugu umndeni kanye nemithetho yomphakathi. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho iqala ukuya esikoleni, isimo kwezenhlalo ababemzungezile sishintsha. Kukhona izidingo ezintsha safaka kwezinkambiso. Komphakathi kwebafundzi - lena esiteji enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu, okuyinto iqhaza hhayi kuphela abazali. Lapha abathintekayo izinqubo kwezemfundo, uqeqesho kanye nentuthuko yomuntu.

Lesi sikole inikeza isisekelo lithathelwe okwengeziwe emphakathini. Lesi sikhungo yezenhlalakahle unelungelo lokuba enqabe kwengane, njengoba kwenzeka kumaqembu athile emmangweni (sib, amaqembu ezemidlalo, lapho ingane asifanele imingcele ethile).

Komphakathi abafundi namanje sixhomeke kakhulu sibalo abalulekile, okuyinto ethatha esikhathini lendawo yesibili (futhi ngezinye izikhathi lokuqala) emva abazali - uthisha. Akukhona nje kuphela umlingisi losemcoka inqubo yemfundo, kodwa oyisibonelo izingane, ikakhulukazi emabangeni aphansi. Ekuqaleni othisha sinomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu walo ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ingane esikoleni, lithathelwe yayo inqubo yemfundo, futhi amaqembu ekilasini. Bonke othisha iphinde ibheke ikhambi yezinhloso ezemfundo, yezenhlalo ezemfundo lesikole.

Komphakathi kulesi sikole has lwenza umsebenzi walo ohlukile:

• sokuthuthukisa amasiko zemfundo yomuntu, lapho kwakhiwa abantu abavuthiwe futhi abanekhono bayakwazi acabange ngokunengqondo nokwenza izinqumo;
• zokulawula kanye ezemfundo - kumiswa nasekondleni isimo sengqondo esihle ukuba ngokoqobo, amagugu, ugqozi, imisebenzi kanye nokunye;
• Luchumano - Ingane ifunda amakhono indima ukuziphatha, ukufunda ukuxhumana;
• yenhlangano kanye nokuphathwa - kusiza umfundi ukuhlela isikhala yangasese, isikhathi;
• kwezenhlalo futhi Integrative - kuyasiza yokuqinisa ubuhlobo ukuthembana, ithimba kwemicabango.

Ontanga njengoba abantu okuphawulekayo komphakathi

Ontanga ivelele uwedwa agents of komphakathi yomuntu. Kungani kubalulekile kangaka ukuba ekukhuleni kwengane? Ngesikhathi ngiba ibhungu kanye yobudala abantu abadala abadinga ulwazi kwezinhloso zenzuzo kuye. Linganikeza ngokugcwele hhayi abadala, kodwa nje ontanga. Ngakho-ke, kwakhiwa amaqembu isithakazelo, okuyinto aqhubeka aguquka futhi ubuntu. Kulesi Teen ukuphendula Gets ulwazi mayelana nabantu ababemzungezile, izwe uyanda conception yena. Abazali kudingeka baqondise ingane ukuze akangeni ngaphansi kwethonya amaqembu maladjusted subcultural.

komphakathi kwemiphumela - yikambiso yangamalanga okuzivumelanisa ezishintshashintshayo emphakathini. Nge esigabeni ngasinye esisha izinguquko umuntu, zishintshe izithakazelo kanye nezimiso zayo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi zizungeze abantu abanjalo musa kusithinte omubi kakhulu. Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuqapha indlela ingane wabe nezimo ezintsha oluzungezile, ithuthukise izithakazelo zabo, ukuze bazifundise izindinganiso futhi ukuthatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo komphakathi yayo ngempumelelo.