Izinhlelo zenqubo. Umlando womuntu-computer inkhulumomphendvulwano, ukuthuthukiswa

Ixhumana amakhompyutha zanamuhla akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ulimi ekhethekile izinhlelo. Kusukela ekuzalweni amakhompyutha lokuqala inezizukulwane ezinhlanu izinhlelo ngokolimi, eyenzelwe abantu-computer inkhulumomphendvulwano. Ekuqaleni kwaba i assembler injalo yasekuqaleni. Esikhathini okude '50s, wasebenza phezu kwesimiso usebenzisa umugqa eyodwa isitatimende esisodwa.

Ukuze bavale isikhala salo kuye ekuqaleni '60s kwafika assembler ongokomfanekiso. Sici Its kwaba khona nomqondo onhlobonhlobo. Empeleni, kuba le nhlangano angabhekwa usuyinto ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo. Nge ukubonakala kwakhe akugcinanga ngokwandisa ijubane ukuthuthukiswa, kodwa futhi ngcono kakhulu nokwethenjelwa software. Futhi parallel ukwakha amaskriphthi ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo eyehlayo batch mode.

Maphakathi eyishumi, kwakukhona oyisizukulwane sesithathu izilimi izinhlelo. Kwakuwusuku jikelele ngezilimi ephezulu ezingeni. Nge ukuthuthukiswa yabo kakade 60s kwakukhona kuyithuba elihle lokufeza imisebenzi ka ezindaweni ezahlukene. izilimi oyisizukulwane sesithathu kukhona elula, kungakhathaliseki nokuzikhethela sekhompyutha futhi kwadingeka ithuba ukusebenza le-syntax enamandla. Nge ukubukeka kwabo uMklami zabasebenzi isibe ikhiqize kakhudlwana. Ngisho nanamuhla, kwesizukulwane sesithathu izilimi izinhlelo kukhona kuyithuluzi sokuthuthukiswa anhlobonhlobo izicelo.

Ngo-70-yalolucwaningo waqala yesine izilimi isizukulwane izinhlelo. Ngosizo lwabo, kukhona ukugcwaliseka emikhulukazi, ukuthembeka yanda, futhi kwandisa ijubane ukuthuthukiswa isicelo. sici labo liyisihlungu orientation izicelo ezithile, it is sisuka jikelele koHlelo ithuba ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile kuleveli entsha ukusebenza.

Isizukulwane wesihlanu izilimi izinhlelo uvele 90s. Bangabakhe isigaba izandiso obusebenzayo olunikezwa uhlelo evamile umsebenzisi. Ngosizo lwabo, ngisho kusukela ezikude izinhlelo umuntu uyakwazi ukudala izicelo ephezulu ukusebenza. Nge isizukulwane lesihlanu lwezinhlelo ekhaya kwaba ngokoqobo for wonke umuntu.

Ukwahlukaniswa izilimi, kukhona isigaba esebenzisa izinhlelo zenqubo njengoba isimiso esiyisisekelo. Lomgomo kuveza izakhiwo computer, okuthiwa Neumann. Lapho ebhalela ukulandelana uhlelo umyalo isetshenziswa ngolimi nenqubo, okuyinto ichaza i-algorithm ukuxazulula le nkinga.

izinhlelo zenqubo njengoba omisiwe kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa inkumbulo isitoreji idatha. Ngo izinhlelo zalolu hlobo, sibhekene umyalo isabelo, ungakwazi ukuchaza nokushintsha inkumbulo. ukuguqulwa kokuqukethwe wenziwa kwimemori computer ngenxa izinguquko isimo sokuqala okuholela.

izinhlelo zenqubo isetshenzisiwe ngezilimi ezifana Fortran, kwavela ekuqaleni '50s ukudala izinhlelo uxazulule izinkinga kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe; Cobol (60s) - icubungula esiningi idatha ku abathwali ezahlukene; Algol - eziphambili multi-ukusetshenziswa kolimi. khona Kugcine esiphawulekayo "block isakhiwo" kanye "isabelo ashukumisayo".

izinhlelo zenqubo akuyona indiva futhi Wabasaqalayo. Ngo-60-yalolucwaningo waqala lo BASIC owaziwa. lula waso nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa ukuvumele ulimi ukusakaza ngesivinini esikhulu, ngokuwina inombolo enkulu abayithandayo unyaka ngamunye.

-Over-the amaphayona izilimi bese igama lilandelwa inombolo enkulu otolika ezahlukene. Ulimi PL-1, Pascal (Pascal), i-ADA, SI baqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa isimiso lwezinhlelo zenqubo.