Izinhlangano Amafa - ke ... Umqondo, izinhlobo, isakhiwo, ezimali

izinhlangano Amafa - ke iyindlela kwezomnotho anawo amabhizinisi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo nganoma. Ziyakwazi ngaphansi kokulawula inkampani futhi wasitholela ngenxa izenzakalo yokuphila yangaphambili yezomnotho. Impahla yenhlangano - lawa amathuluzi ibhizinisi izosetshenziselwa inzuzo. Esesizokuhlola kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

ubufakazi

izinzuzo ezayo kwezomnotho libizwa izinsiza ezingaba atholakale inkampani, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza imali. Kunezindlela eziningana izizathu izinsiza avele njengoba izinhlangano amafa. Le mpahla inikeza ikhono:

1. Sebenzisa eceleni noma lihambisana namanye amanxusa e inqubo yokudala umkhiqizo ukudayiswa, amasevisi, ukusebenza imisebenzi.
2. Exchange nezinye izinsiza.
3. Sebenzisa ukuze ngikhokhe izikweleti.
4. Distribution phakathi kubahlanganyeli umphakathi kwezomnotho.

ngezigaba

Kunemikhakha emibili, okuyinto zihlukaniswe amafa izinhlangano. It - fixed kanye izimpahla zamanje. Eyokuqala inani lesakhiwo ngokuqinile, abaphinelela bahlanganyele emisebenzini ekhiqizayo. Inani izimpahla idluliselwe inhlangano ingxenye yentengo yayo yasekuqaleni umkhiqizo. Ngo lokulandisa amafa zibala amafa ukuphila kabani ewusizo izinyanga ezingaphezu kuka-12. Kulokhu, intengo engaphezu kuka-10 eziyinkulungwane. P. Non-zamanje amafa izinhlangano - kuyinto:

1. ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi. Lezi zihlanganisa izindawo, izakhiwo, imishini, izinto bemvelo, umhlaba iziza.
2. IA.
3. Ukwakhiwa kuyaqhubeka.
4. Kuyazuzisa capital investment e amafa eziphathekayo (kwi isivumelwano sokuqasha noma eziqashisayo).
5. amafa eside (ukubolekisa, ukutshalwa kwezimali abelwe kudlule isikhathi eside kunalesi ezingu-12.).
6. Ngezinye izindlela.

izici

OS zifaka indlela zomsebenzi, ezisetshenziswa inqubo ukukhiqizwa, ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi noma ukusebenza umsebenzi phezu kudlule isikhathi eside kunalesi ngonyaka 1. Lezi ngxenye yomsebenzi wenhlangano isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bona ukugcina isimo sabo zemvelo. Inani izimpahla idluliselwe imikhiqizo njengoba ukugqoka (izingxenye).

IA futhi bamele izinto ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abanayo nsuku ngokomzimba, kodwa abe yokulinganisa futhi imali.

Ukuze izimpahla angaphatheki zihlanganisa empahla, izindleko yenhlangano, abathakazelelwayo. ukutshalwa kwezimali inzuzo okukhulunywe isiqephu sendawo, izakhiwo, izakhiwo, imishini kanye nezinye izimpahla ukuthi babe inkulumo eziphathekayo. Zitholakala manje ukusebenza okwesikhashana bese ekukhokhela. CAPEX kukhona izindleko ngokuqinile ukwakhiwa kanye umhlangano imisebenzi, ukuthengwa imishini, amathuluzi, izinto nokunye. imali enhlanganweni kukhona utshalomali yenkampani izibambiso esikhishwe nguhulumeni (izibopho, isibonelo) noma nezinye izinhlangano kwezomnotho. Lezi amathuluzi futhi zihlanganisa ukubolekisa anikezwe kwezinye izinkampani. Izinamathiseli kungaba kwenziwe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kulokhu bayobe besebenza njengethuluzi eside amafa. Futhi, inkampani ingase imali encane isikhathi. Kulesi simo, lezi zimali zibhekwa njengemikhiqizo amafa yesikhashana. Konke kulezi zigaba abazenzi ku-balance sheet engxenyeni yokuqala.

izimpahla zamanje

Babiza impahla amagugu lenkampani, emisebenzini kwezomnotho ukuthi ukushintsha impahla yawo yangempela futhi ifomu impahla. Bayaphela ngesikhathi umjikelezo 1st ukukhiqizwa. Inani lwabo nalo idluliselwe intengo yokuqala umkhiqizo. Nokho, izimpahla zamanje balidlulisele ngesikhathi.

isakhiwo

Ngokusebenza-dolobha ye-ibhizinisi zihlanganisa:

1. Receivables.
2. Izitoke.
3. Cash.
4. Esifushane amafa.
5. VAT sempahla ethengwayo kanye nokunye.

MPD zihlanganisa izinto eziyisisekelo futhi asizayo futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa, imikhiqizo semifinished uthenge, iziqukathi, izingxenye kanye imfucuza zokubasa, ngoba izinto zasendlini, imishini, zizalela isilwane kanye fattening. Cash nokulingana ifomu yenhlangano. Zinqwabelanisa ngesimo imali esesandleni, kanye akhawunti asebhange zamanje kanye nezinye. inhlokodolobha siqu lenhlangano kungenziwa esichithwa izidingo ezehlukene. Njengengxenye yesinqumo kusho khona ahlukahlukene Receivables. Siqukethe isamba ezingakhokhelwa abathengi nokunye. Amafa yamanje ku-balance sheet esigabeni sesibili.

Ukusetshenziswa ngokuyikho kwezimali

Ulwazi mayelana nokwabiwa kwezinsiza kusebenza kubonakala balance sheet. Ukuze isigaba ngasinye amafa isihloko ehlukile. Ngokusho ulwazi nokubika, ungakwazi ukunquma izinguquko okuzwiwa nokulingana masheya, yini ingxenye yokuxhasa ngemali livela ingcebo noma imithombo zamanje nokunye. Ukuhlaziya izinkomba ibhizinisi kubalulekile. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuba ukucacisa ukuphumelela ukusetshenziswa kwempahla, kanye degree kwabo ithonya ukubaluleka ibhizinisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imenenja yenkampani kumele babe ulwazi mayelana izindleko wangempela ejenti ngamunye. Inani lwazo zizonke izobheka bezikhali inkampani, impahla yayo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

izindlela sokuhlaziya

Ekustadisheni isakhiwo kwempahla esetshenziswa evundla mpo kokuhlaziywa indlela. Lesi sakamuva ikuvumela ukukhomba izitayela lezo zihloko, okuyinto nethonya elihle ku-eqinisa isikhundla yenkampani emakethe noma kunalokho, abe nomthelela ongemuhle. ukuhlaziywa ovundlile kuyinto ukwakha itafula. Ziyakwazi ibhalansi ngokuphelele izinkomba kwahambisana amagugu isihlobo - amazinga ukwehla / ukukhula. namagugu ayisisekelo lezinkathi eduze ngokuvamile ziyabhekelelwa. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka hhayi kuphela ukuhlaziya Dynamics izinkomba, kodwa futhi ukubikezela kubo. ukuhlaziywa Kuqondile yena, kuyadingeka ngoba amanani isihlobo, ngokwezinga elithile unikeze bushelelezi we imithelela emibi kolwazi izinqubo kungaba ngokuphawulekayo phendulela amagugu ngokuphelele. Zombili lezi zindlela umphelelisi nomunye. Kule ndaba, empeleni ngokuvamile Ukurhemisa amatafula ezazivamile nje ngokwakheka kodwa futhi Dynamics izinkomba ngabanye.

isiphetho

Inhlangano isebenzisa amafa ekuchithweni kwayo, ukuze sifinyelele ezihlukahlukene imigomo kanye nokuqaliswa imisebenzi eminingi. Ikakhulukazi, izinsiza ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni ama-umkhiqizo, ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo abathengi abakulungele ukukhokhela izinzuzo wathola. Ngakho, kunomthelela inflow kwezimali inkampani, okwandisa solvency yayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amafa neqhaza ukunwetshwa ukukhiqizwa, ukuthuthukisa izinga umkhiqizo. Izimali abelwe ukuthengwa imishini noma sesimanje, ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha noma ukuhlolwa kwethulwa umkhiqizo. Ngoba noma yisiphi inkampani kwamafa eyamsiza imisebenzi yayo. Kule ndaba, inkampani kumele ajube ithimba uhlelo oluyimpumelelo ukuphatha kwabo.