I ezilungisiwe ukuthi kusetshenziswe kanjani imali phakathi izinhlangano

Okwamanje imali phakathi izinhlangano - ukusebenza kwansuku zonke. Kungaba kwenziwe phakathi izinhlangano ezimbili, osomabhizinisi ngabanye kanye nezinhlangano, pair of osomabhizinisi ngabanye. isiqondiso ethize 1843 baye ezilungisiwe inombolo lokhu kwaphendula yonke ngokheshi ngamunye lezi zimo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa kuphela isimo ukuthi imali ayeqi 100 ayizinkulungwane ruble. Umbhali waleli isiqondiso - Central Bank of Russia. Ekhuluma ngalo, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha eyilethe ukunakwa emakethe olunikezwe Central Bank Letter №190-T. isikhundla sayo kancane ilungisa wathi Note. It is kwenziwe Incwadi ukuthi nemizana phakathi izinhlangano ezingokomthetho - ingenye, kanye nokukhokhwa inkokhelo (nezinye, kulinganiswe nakho izinkokhelo), kanye Ukukhishwa kwezimali ku-akhawunti (imali, vele) - kungenye indaba. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-mbhangqwana yokugcina imfuneko mayelana umkhawulo ophezulu asisebenzi.

Ngaphandle nokukhawulela lemali ngokheshi phakathi izinhlangano Akasekho "ayenele" lutho. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuqondene nesikhathi esishiwo nhlobo. Okungukuthi, ibhange central alisho ngoba kufanele wenziwe esingakanani: operation eyodwa noma usuku olulodwa lokusebenza. Nokho, kukhona esinye ukucaciseleka elincane kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu. Its essence amanga neqiniso ukuthi konke yemali ukuthengiselana emkhatsini lamacele kuthengiselana kumele kwenziwe ngaphansi olulodwa inkontileka. Kuleso simo, uma inkokhelo yomsebenzi kwenziwa, izimpahla enikeziwe noma amasevisi elihunyushwe akuzona isihloko sakhe (futhi abasayini awuvumanga ukuvumelana Kunalokho), khona-ke ukusebenza ngokuhambisana nemithetho jikelele izimali phakathi kwabantu, izinhlangano (osomabhizinisi ngabanye).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi imali phakathi izinhlangano kukhawulwe, hhayi kuphela ubukhulu kodwa ngendlela ukuchitha imali. Zonke Qaphela efanayo 1843rd ubeka ukuthi usomabhizinisi ngamunye noma inhlangano bangasebenzisa imali etholakele imali ngokuhamba nokukhokhwa imisebenzi, izinsizakalo, ukuthengwa kwezimpahla (izibambiso ngaphandle), nokukhokhwa umshwalense isinxephezelo ngaphansi inkontileka. Waphinde wathola "bukhoma" amathuluzi angasetshenziswa ukwenza izibalo nabaphakeli. Kulokhu esinazo emqondweni ukukhokhelwa imikhiqizo ikhokhwe ngaphambili, waphindela emuva.

Ekugcineni, kukhona elinye iphuzu ezithakazelisayo. Uma kwakuba khona imali phakathi izinhlangano ezingokomthetho futhi omunye wabo wathola ethile imali imikhiqizo edayiswa, isebenza futhi ngezidingo noma ngesimo umshuwalense ke noma kunjalo akunakwenzeka ukunikeza lezi zimali njengoba sokubolekwayo. Incwadi ngalokhu №190-T 'wayembonise umusa omkhulu' ukuqaphelisisa ngokwanele. Uma loan namanje kunesidingo sokuba kukhishwe (isibonelo, ukuze ulondoloze yimiphi abasebenzi esikhathini esinzima ekuphileni kwakhe), ukutholakala kwezimali ehhovisi ibhokisi akunandaba: loan yaphelela kumele bephume akhawunti yokukhokha ibhizinisi noma inhlangano.

Phela, ngo-Ministry of Finance ihlele ukuba zehlise inani izivimbelo emapheshana yokukhokha ngokheshi ruble, iyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu, kusukela ngomhla ka-2015. Nakuba ngo-2014 lingakanani kuyoba ayinkulungwane namakhulu ayisithupha. Lokhu inhloso sizothinta ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu ababili, futhi phakathi kwabantu kanye nezinhlangano.